1、Learning goals1.Know what the subjunctive mood refers to 2.Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood3.Master the structure of the subjunctive mood about“if”4.Do some exercises about the 3th aim语气语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助的语气用动词的不同
2、形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。句法形式）来表示。虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(常用在名词性从句中)。简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的常考形式：虚拟语气的常考形式：1.if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句 2.名词性从句名词性从句 3.固定句式固定句式 4.情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 5.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况a.ifa.if真实
3、条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.ifb.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。If we have chances,we can have further cooperation.If I have another chance,I will visit China again.if if真实条件句用于陈述语气真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况很假设的情况很有可能发生有可能发生,其中其中if if是是“如果如果”的意思的意思if条件从句条件从
4、句一般现在时一般现在时 主句主句will shall+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形What What willwill you do if you do if it it rains rains tomorrow?tomorrow?I I willwill sleep at home sleep at home if it if it rainsrains tomorrow.tomorrow.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的或几虚拟的或几乎无法实现的乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句与与现在现在事实相反事实相
5、反与与过去过去事实相反事实相反与与将来将来事实可能相反事实可能相反If I had a great deal of money,I would buy a villa(别墅别墅)for my parents.与与现在现在事实相反事实相反If I were the schoolmaster of Gaocheng No.1 Middle school,I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.与与现在现在事实相反事实相反 if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相
6、反的假反的假设设If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形1.If I had a great deal of money,I would buy a villa(别墅别墅)for my parents.2.If I were the schoolmaster of Gaocheng No.1 Middle school,I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.即：即：If+一般过去时态一
7、般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully,he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反If Tom had learnt how to swim,he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反had got upcould have caught与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条
8、件句主句主句与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设If+主语主语+had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词1.If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully,he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.If Tom had learnt how to swim,he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.had got upcould have caught即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语+would(shou
9、ld/might/could)have doneIf I met Obama some day,I would shake hands with him.If I were to meet Obama some day,If I should meet Obama some day,与与将来将来事实相反事实相反 if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与将来将来事实事实相相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should+动词原形动词原形主语主语+would(should/might/
10、could)动词原形动词原形 If I met/were to meet/should meet Obama some day,I would shake hands with him.总结：if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should+动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+wo
11、uld(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)If+主语主语+had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语+would(should/might/could)have done主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形（4+1）注意以下问题：注意以下问题：1.错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句 2.(if省略省略)倒装虚拟条件句倒装虚拟条件句 3.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句1.错综时间条件句错综时间条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与
12、与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should+动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)If+主语主语+had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语+would(s
13、hould/might/could)have done主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句（4+1）1.错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句即：即：if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。1).If you had followed my advice,you would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）（从句说明过去，主句
14、说明现在。）2).If I were you,I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）3).If you hadnt lent me some money,I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新假若你不借钱给我，我不
15、可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）2.在虚拟条件句中，在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有如果条件句中有were,had（助动词）或（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装时，可使用倒装结构，但结构，但if必须省略必须省略。若条件从句为否定句，。若条件从句为否定句，否定词否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had等缩略成等缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。置于句首。1).Had I seen him then,I wou
16、ld have been very happy.=If I had seen him then,I would have been very happy.2).Should I have time,I would go with you.=If I should have time,I would go with you.3).Were I not so busy,I would go with you.=If I were not so busy,I would go with you.(if省略省略)倒装虚拟条件句倒装虚拟条件句补充例句：补充例句：要不是要不是 (固定句式固定句式)If i
17、t had not been for your help,we couldnt have finished the work yesterday.=Had it not been for ,If it were not for lacking money,I would go travelling right now.=Were it not for lacking money,与与过去过去事事实相反实相反与与现在现在事事实相反实相反But for 要不是要不是(1)I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have takenpart in the sport
18、s meet.（副词）（副词）(2)He telephoned to tell me of your birthday,or/otherwise I would have known nothing about it.（连词）（连词）直陈语气直陈语气虚拟语气虚拟语气直陈语气直陈语气虚拟语气虚拟语气3.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。含蓄条件句含蓄条件句(4)Everything taken into consideration,th
19、ey would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格）（独立主格）=If everything had been taken into (了解即可了解即可)consideration,(3)I might have given you more help,but I was too busy.（连词）（连词）直陈语气直陈语气虚拟语气虚拟语气(5)用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with,without,but for 等。如：等。如：What would you do with a million dolla
20、rs?We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help.But for the rain,we would have finished the work.=If you had a million dollars,what would you do?=If we hadnt got your help/If you hadnt helped us,=If it hadnt been for the rain,虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气1.If my father _ here now,h
21、e _ tell me what to do.were;would was;will had been;wouldA.is;willExercise A2.If he _my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would followExercise C3.If I _ in the 22nd century,I _ my vacation in a very different way.should live;would spend will live;should sp
22、end are living;should have spent will be living;would have spentA4._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.WillExercise tomorrowB5.But for the help of my English teacher,I _ the first prize in the English writing competition.A.would not wi
23、n B.would not have wonC.would win D.would have wonExercise B6.If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious.A.wouldnt be B.will not have beenC.wouldnt have been D.would have not beenExercise nowin 1955A7T he weat
24、her has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables _.A.wouldnt die B.didnt die C.hadnt died D.wouldnt have diedExercise Dhad rainednow8.They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.had got B.got A
25、.C.have got D.getExercise Botherwise9.Why didnt you buy the flat?I_，but I didnt have the money.would have B.bought C.would like to A.D.had boughtExercise AbutLearning goals1.Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood2.Master the structures of the different forms of the subjunctive mood3.Do som
26、e exercises about the grammar虚拟语气的常考形式：虚拟语气的常考形式：1.if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句 2.名词性从句名词性从句 3.固定句式固定句式 4.情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 5.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况a.ifa.if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.ifb.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。总结：if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现
27、在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should+动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)If+主语主语+had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语+would(sho
28、uld/might/could)have done主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形（4+1）注意以下问题：注意以下问题：1.错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句 2.(if省略省略)倒装虚拟条件句倒装虚拟条件句 3.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句 insist,order/command,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,desire/demand/require/request/askshould do!should do!should do!二二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气二二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性
29、从句中的虚拟语气 一一“坚持坚持”(insist),二二“命令命令”(order,command),四四“建议建议”(advise,suggest,propose,recommend),五五“要求要求”(ask,demand,require,request,desire)+(that)sb(should)do.或是或是(that)sb/sth(should)be done 宾语从句宾语从句我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚持要我与他同行。他坚持要我与他同行。他们要求派他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。老师要求作业要及时完成。We suggeste
30、d _.He insisted _.They requested(that)Tom _.(that)Tom have a rest(that)I(should)go with him(should)be sent to work thereThe teacher asked(that)our homework _.(should)be finished in time2.这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do It is suggested that we(should)practise reading English everyday.The sugg
31、estion given by our teacher is that we(should)practise reading English everyday.The teacher give us a suggestion that we(should)practise reading English everyday.2.这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do It is ordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demanded that (should)do The/Ones i
32、nsistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desire is/was that (should)do a/the suggestion/request(等等)that (should)do 主语从句主语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 Its suggested that the plan(should)be carried out at once.The old womans demand is that her son(should)c
33、ome to see her once a week.We are in favor of the advice that the factory(should)be closed down.3.wish 的宾语从句的宾语从句1.wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:would/could+V.原原 shouldI wish I _(be)as tall as Yao Ming.wereI wish/wished I _(have not)eaten
34、so much watermelon.hadntI wish it _(will)rain tomorrow.If so,I can stay at home to have a good sleep.wouldHe wishes he _(become)a scientist some day.could/would become 三三.虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:1.would rather 宁愿，但愿宁愿，但愿 sb did 与现在或将来与现在或将来情况相反情况相反sb had done 与过去情况相反与过去情况相反I would rather you retu
35、rned me my money now.I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.I would rather you came tomorrow.2.as if/as though思考：思考：as if/as though 后面的句子是后面的句子是主句还是从句？主句还是从句？He behaves as if he_(own)the house.owned1).1).从句的动作与主句动作同时发生从句的动作与主句动作同时发生 (可以可以理解成与现在事实相反理解成与现在事实相反)He behaves as if he _(be)the owner
36、 of the house.wereShe talked about Rome as though she _(be)there herself.had been2).2).从句的动作发生在主句动作之前从句的动作发生在主句动作之前 (可以可以理解成与过去事实相反理解成与过去事实相反)He coughed(咳嗽咳嗽)twice as if someone would come.他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。3).3).从句的动作发生在主句动作之后从句的动作发生在主句动作之后 (可以可以理解成与将来事实相反理解成与将来事实相反)总结总结as if/as though与现在
37、事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:would/could+V.原原 (了解了解)should与与 wish 的宾语从句相似的宾语从句相似3.It is(high/about)time (that)“是时候是时候.(做某事做某事)”注意注意:should不能省略不能省略 sb did sb should do 是时候采取措施来保护环境了。是时候采取措施来保护环境了。It is(high/about)time that we took/should take measures to p
38、rotect the environment.你该走了。你该走了。Its(high/about)time that you went/should go.4.在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气固定句式中常使用虚拟语气 Its necessary/strange/natural(自然的自然的,理应如此的理应如此的)/important +that sb(should)do1).It is important that we _(master)a foreign language.2).真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加真奇怪，她竟然拒绝
39、来参加party。Its _ that she _ to come to the party.3).鸟在树上安歇鸟在树上安歇/休息是很自然的。休息是很自然的。It is _ that a bird _ in trees.(should)master(should)refusestrangenatural(should)rest5.If only !要是要是就好了就好了If only与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时If only it stopped raining now!If only we had f
40、ollowed your advice!总结总结 wish,would rather,as if/as though,if only 表虚拟时的共同点是：表虚拟时的共同点是：时态往后退一步，同时态往后退一步，同if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句四四.情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 1.本本想想/打算打算做某事却没做做某事却没做 2.本本应该应该做某事却没做做某事却没做 3.本本不该不该做某事却做了做某事却做了 4.本本能够能够做某事却没做做某事却没做 5.宁愿宁愿过去过去做了某事却没做做了某事却没做 6.最好最好过去过去做了某事却没做做了某事却没做 7.本本不必不必做某事却做了做某事却做了 would
41、 have done should/ought to have done shouldnt/oughtnt to have done could have done would rather have done had better have done neednt have done must have done might have donecant/couldnt have done过去肯定发生了过去肯定发生了过去可能发生了过去可能发生了过去不可能发生过去不可能发生1.insist,suggest2.as if/though3.if五五.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况i
42、nsist/suggest 各有两种意思，用不同的语气各有两种意思，用不同的语气insist:“坚决坚决/持要求持要求”用虚拟语气用虚拟语气,即即 should do;insist:“坚持认为坚持认为,坚持说坚持说”用陈述语气用陈述语气suggest:“建议建议”用虚拟语气，用虚拟语气，即即should do;suggest:“表明、暗示表明、暗示”用陈述语气用陈述语气1.The teacher suggested that we _ (practise)more after class.2.Her pale face suggests that she _(be)ill today.3.He
43、 insisted that all of us _(get)there on time by any means.4.He insisted that he _(not steal)the diamond,and that he should be set free.他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。(should)practiseis(should)gethadnt stolen as if/as though When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it were brok
44、en.The dark clouds are gathering.It looks as if it is going to rain.a.ifa.if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.ifb.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。Exercise 判断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟2.判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型3.判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间 I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible.A finis
45、hed B finishing C to finish D finish 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised.A should B would1.C must D could3.My father did not go to New York;the doctor suggested that he _ there.A.not went B.wont go C.not go D.not to go4.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven.
46、A.must finish B.would be finished C.be finished D.must be finished5.Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill.A be B was C should be D is6.He insisted he _right.A.were B.was C.be D.is考题点击考题点击 His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.A.try B.tries C.must try D.can try2.She made the demand
47、 that the journalists _at once for Iraq.A.leave B.leaving C.left D.to be left3.We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _.A.should put off B.was put off C.be put off D.is to put off4.It is high time the child _ to the hospital.A.is sent B.would be sent C.must be sent D.were sent5.If only I
48、_ driving before.A.had learned B.learned C.learn D.would learn 6.I wish I _a bird A is B were C will be D are7.How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future.A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit 8.Id rather you _ me the news.A.not tell B.not to tell C.didnt tell D.hadnt told1.背语法规则背语法规则2.课时作业课时作业 P36 单选单选Homework
