1、语气语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。句法形式）来表示。if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+动词动词原形原形3、If+主语主语+should+动词原动词原形形If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般
2、用动词一般用were)主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词动词原形原形即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)If+主语主语+had+动词的过动词的过去分词去分词即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语+would(should/might/could)have done主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词动词原形原形Subjective moodIf 型型Should+v型型类似类似if型型。混杂条件句混杂条件句(各自为准各自为准)Were,had,should提前，省略提前，省略if1.一个坚持
3、，两个命令，一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。三个建议，四个要求。2.It is（necessary，strange）+that1.wish/as if 2.Would rather/if only3.It is(high)time that4.But for/otherwise/without/in that case1.过去式过去式2.过去完成过去完成3.could、would、might+v1.过去式过去式2.过去完成过去完成Should（不省）（不省）+v/过去式过去式1.Would,could,should,might+v2.would,could,should,might+h
4、ave doneinsistsuggest虚拟语气(1)动词的语气表示说话人的态度和看法，可分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来陈述讲话人认为是事实的事情，有肯定、否定、疑问和感叹等形式。祈使语气用来说明说话人的请求、命令等。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。had got upcould have caughtIf I get up early,I will catch the train.a.ifa.if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.i
5、fb.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句表示对事实的相反的表示对事实的相反的假设，或是假设，或是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。虚拟语气虚拟语气l虚拟语气：虚拟语气：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实(不是事实不是事实或不大可能发生的事情或不大可能发生的事情)。l虚拟语气通过虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。来表示。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念高考中虚拟语气的常考形式：高考中虚拟语气的常考形式：1.if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句 2.名词性从句名词性
6、从句 3.固定句式固定句式 4.情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 5.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况1.if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句 与与现在现在事实相反事实相反与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 与与将来将来事实可能相反事实可能相反 if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设 did（be动词用动词用were)would(should/might/could)动原动原If I had a great deal of money now,I would buy a big house for my parents.与
7、与现在现在事实相反事实相反If I were the schoolmaster ,I would let the students get up a little later.与与现在现在事实相反事实相反schoolmaster if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与将来将来事实事实相相反的假反的假设设1、did2、were to+动原动原3、should+动原动原would(should/might/could)动原动原If I met Obama some day,I would shake hands with him.If I were to meet Obama
8、 some day,If I should meet Obama some day,与与将来将来事实相反事实相反 if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设 had+donewould(should/might/could)have doneIf the boy had driven more carefully,he would not have caused the car accident.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反If the foreigner had learnt how to swim,he would not have b
9、een trapped on the island for four years.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 2.虚拟条件句中的倒装虚拟条件句中的倒装 a.在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有were,had（助动词）或（助动词）或should时时，可，可使用倒装结构，使用倒装结构，were,had,或或should 可可提前提前，if省略省略。b.若条件从句为否定句，否定词若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应应置于主语之后，而置于主语之后，而不能与不能与were，should，had等缩略成等缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首置于句首。1).If
10、 I had seen him then,I would have been very happy.=Had I seen him then,I would have been very happy.2).If I should have time,I would go with you.=Should I have time,I would go with you.3).If I were not so busy,I would go with you.=Were I not so busy,I would go with you.补充例句：补充例句：要不是因为要不是因为 (固定句式固定句式
11、)lIf it were not for lIf it were not for lacking money,I would go travelling right now.=Were it not for lacking money,lIf it had not been for lIf it had not been for your help,we couldnt have finished the work yesterday.=Had it not been for ,与与过去过去事事实相反实相反与与现在现在事事实相反实相反 虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句虚拟条件句和主
12、句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。解题关键：解题关键：看好主从句，选好相应时态看好主从句，选好相应时态3、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气错综时间条件句的虚拟语气if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+shoul
13、d+动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词主语主语+would(should/might/could)have done主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句1).如果你当时接受我的建议，现在就能完成如果你当时接受我的建议，现在就能完成这份工作了。这份工作了。If you had followed my advice,yo
14、u would be able to finish the work now.2).如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了 If I were you,I would have gone to her birthday party.l这样的虚拟句不含有这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以从句，而是以but、but for、with、without、or（else)、otherwise等引导的句子等引导的句子代替代替if从句从句，主句的主句的谓语动词谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同（法相同（情过情过+do或情过或情过+have
15、 done)。4、含蓄条件句含蓄条件句1.I was ill that day.Otherwise,I _(take part in)the sports meet.2.We _(not finish)the work ahead of time without your help.3.But for the rain,we _(get)the station on time.would have got to could not have finishedwould have taken part in【单项填空】Without water in the world,everything _
16、.Awill die Bwould die Cwould have died Dhas diedThanks a lot.We _the work on time without your help.Ahadnt finished Bdidnt finishCcouldnt have finished Dcouldnt finishwere,had,should提前，省略提前，省略if,not不提前不提前 If 型型虚虚拟拟语语气气but for/otherwise/without/in that case1.Would,could,should,might+v2.would,could,sh
17、ould,might+have done 现：现：did would(should/might/could)动原动原过：过：1.did 2.were to+动原动原 would(should/might/could)动原动原 3.should+动原动原 将：将：had+done would(should/might/could )have done错综时间条件句错综时间条件句(各自为准各自为准)1.判断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟2.判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型3.判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间Exercise 1.If my father _ here now,he _ tell me what to do.
18、A.were;wouldB.was;willC.had been;wouldD.is;willExercise 2.If he _my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would followExercise 3.If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it _ all day.A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining4.If I _ in
19、the 22nd century,I _ my vacation in a very different way.A.should live;would spendB.will live;should spend C.are living;should have spentD.will be living;would have spent5._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.WillExercise tomorrow 6.If
20、it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party.A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not 7.But for the help of my English teacher,I _ the first prize in the English writing competition.A.would not win B.would not have won C.would win D.would have wonExercise 8.If the United S
21、tates had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious.A.wouldnt be B.will not have been C.wouldnt have been D.would have not beenExercise nowin 19559._strict with me when I was young，I could not be such a successful person now.A.If you
22、 are not BIf you were not CWere you not DIf you had not beenExercise 10.Why didnt you buy the flat?I_，but I didnt have the money.A.would have B.bought C.would like to D.had boughtExercise but 语法填空语法填空Van Gogh is one of the worlds most famous artists.But he died at the age of 37,alone and poor.Almost
23、 21 knew or cared about his art at that time.Although he was a great genius,he suffered 22 (great).Some say that his madnesswas what he paid for his art.Actually,if Van Gogh 23 (die)at the age of twenty,no one would have connected him with failure or mental illness.Instead he would have been remembe
24、red by those close to him 24 a dutiful(孝顺的）son.If I were a teacher,I would not treat my students just as some know-nothing kids.I wouldnt give them homework that can never be done.If I were a teacher,I would try my best to let them like me,not be afraid of me.I wouldnt teach them just as if I were a
25、 sage.If I were a teacher,I would make friends with my students.I would respect them and understand them.If I were a teacher,I would make study a happy thing to my students,but not a burden to them 1.P94 I II2.预习虚拟语气预习虚拟语气part 24.（2010高考英语北京卷）高考英语北京卷）-The weather has been very hot and dry.-Yes.If it
26、 had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables _.A.wouldnt die B.didnt die C.hadnt died D.wouldnt have died【答案答案】D【解析解析】表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句用表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句用would/could/might/should+have done，即，即D项项正确。正确。1.（2010高考英语天津卷）高考英语天津卷）John went to the hospital alone.If he me about it
27、,I would have gone with him.A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told 【答案答案】D【解析解析】主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，从句采用从句采用have done的结构，故选的结构，故选D。2.（2010高考英语陕西卷）高考英语陕西卷）If we _ the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken【答案答案】B【解析解析】
28、主句的谓语动词形式主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反选可知题干是与过去事实相反选B。3.（2010高考英语湖南卷）高考英语湖南卷）If he my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would follow【答案答案】C1.If he _ his legs yesterday,he _ with us now.A.hadnt hurt;would go B.hadnt hurt;would have gone C.didnt
29、hurt;would go D.didnt hurt;would have gone2.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ love,at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fail D.were to failIf the weather had been better，we could have had a picni
30、c.But it _ all day.A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining解析：解析：句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。事情，所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨下了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案为的事实，所以正确答案为A。If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party.A.couldnt B.shouldn
31、t C.cant D.might not 解析：解析：that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为实，用陈述语气。正确答案为C。Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you.A.can manage B.could have managed C.could managed D.can have managedIf I _plan to do anything I wanted to,Id like to go to Tibet and trav
32、el through as much of it as possible.(05湖北湖北)A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to解析：解析：句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为所以正确答案为B。He hesitated for a moment before he kicked the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.A.had scored B.scored C.would score D.would have scoredI was away that day,otherwise I _ t
33、he lecture.A.had attended B.would have attendedC.would attend D.attended 虚拟条件不直言，虚拟条件不直言，都在上下文中联；都在上下文中联；要不是没有就缺乏，要不然否则就假设，要不是没有就缺乏，要不然否则就假设，but for要不是要不是,without没有没有,in the absence of,缺乏缺乏时，时，or else否则，不然的话否则，不然的话 otherwise 否则否则 suppose 假设假设 providing如果，假设如果，假设 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句but for要不是要不是,without没有没有,W
34、hat What willwill you do if you do if it it rains rains tomorrow?tomorrow?I I willwill sleep sleep at home at home if it if it rainsrains tomorrow.tomorrow.insist,order/command,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,desire/demand/require/request/askshould do!should do!should do!二二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气二二
35、.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。常见的动词有：常见的动词有：suggest,propose,recommend,demand,request,require,command,order,insist,desire,urge等。等。一个坚持：一个坚持：insist(坚决要求坚决要求)两个命令：两个命令：order,command 三个建议：三个建议：suggest,advise,propose 四个要求：四个要求：demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要
36、使用虚拟语气用法。这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词即从句中的动词 使用使用should+动词原形，动词原形，should可省略。可省略。宾语从句宾语从句我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚持要我与他同行。他坚持要我与他同行。他们要求派他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。老师要求作业要及时完成。We suggested _.He insisted _.They requested(that)Tom _.(that)Tom have a rest(that)I(should)go with him(should)be sent t
37、o work thereThe teacher asked(that)our homework _.(should)be finished in time2.这些动词相对应的这些动词相对应的名词性从句名词性从句也用也用should dolIt is suggested that we(should)practise reading English everyday.lThe suggestion given by our teacher is that we(should)practise reading English everyday.lThe teacher give us a sugg
38、estion that we(should)practise reading English everyday.lIt is ordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demanded that (should)dolThe/ones insistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desire is/was that (should)dola/the suggestion/request
39、(等等)that (should)do I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he(should)be sent there.注意：注意：如如suggest,insist不表示不表示建议建议 或或坚持要坚持要某人做某事时某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明暗示、表明、坚持认为坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。时，宾语从句用陈述语气。l1.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ (obey)the rules.l2.He in
40、sisted that she _(be)seriously ill and that _(send)to hospitals at once.l3.He suggested that we_(have)a meeting at once.l4.His pale face suggested that he _(be)ill.obeywasbe senthavewasl例例(2010福建，福建，29)Teachers recommend parents _their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.lAnot al
41、low lBdo not allowlCmustnt allow lDcouldnt allowl解析：解析：考查虚拟语气。考查虚拟语气。recommend后的宾后的宾语从句谓语动词用语从句谓语动词用“(should)动词原形动词原形”，因此因此A项正确。项正确。l答案：答案：A Its suggested that the plan(should)be carried out at once.The old womans demand is that her son(should)come to see her once a week.We are in favor of the advic
42、e that the factory(should)be closed down.在在“It is/was+某些形容词某些形容词/过去分词过去分词+that从句从句”句型中句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气语气,即即“(should+)动词原形动词原形”,表示惊奇、遗憾表示惊奇、遗憾、怀疑、不满等。这些形容词有、怀疑、不满等。这些形容词有:important,necessary,essential,natural,strange,advisable,desirable,possible,probable,astonishing,surprising;过去分词有
43、过去分词有:desired,suggested,requested,recommended,ordered,proposed,decided等。等。3、主语从句中的虚拟语气、主语从句中的虚拟语气It 做主后有形，做主后有形，奇怪重要自然行奇怪重要自然行 lIt is demanded that we should work out a plan.lIt is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.l有人建议会议应推迟到下周。有人建议会议应推迟到下周。lIt is strange that he(should)ha
44、ve acted towards his parents like that.l他那样对待自己的父母很奇怪。他那样对待自己的父母很奇怪。lIts a pity that you(should)miss a good chance.我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。Its necessary that we should have a walk now.她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。Its natural that she should do so.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。Its important that we should take good
45、 care of the patient.她竟然没有被邀请她竟然没有被邀请,真是奇怪。真是奇怪。It is strange that she shouldnt have been invited.l注意：以下句式也可以用于陈述语气。注意：以下句式也可以用于陈述语气。l很奇怪他昨天没来。很奇怪他昨天没来。lIts strange that he didnt come yesterday.l很可惜你没有跳舞。很可惜你没有跳舞。lIts a pity that you didnt dance.3.wish 的宾语从句的宾语从句wish 的的宾语从宾语从句句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般
46、过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:would/could/might+V.原原 I wish I _(be)as tall as Yao Ming.wereI wish/wished I _(have not)eaten so much watermelon.hadntI wish it _(will)rain tomorrow.If so,I can stay at home to have a good sleep.wouldHe wishes he _(become)a scientist some day.cou
47、ld/would become 我希望和你一样高。我希望和你一样高。I wish I were as tall as you.他希望他没讲那样的话。他希望他没讲那样的话。He wished he hadnt said that.我希望明天下雨就好了。我希望明天下雨就好了。I wish it would rain tomorrow.wish to do wish sb/sth to doI wish to see the manager.=I want to see the manager.I wish the manager to be informed at once.=I want the
48、 manager to be informed at once.三三.虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:1.would rather (that)宁愿，但愿宁愿，但愿 sb did 与现在或将来与现在或将来情况相反情况相反sb had done 与过去情况相反与过去情况相反I would rather you returned me my money now.I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.I would rather you came tomorrow.2.as if/as though思考：思考：as if/a
49、s though 后面的句子是后面的句子是主句还是从句？主句还是从句？He behaves as if he_(own)the house.owned1).1).从句的动作与主句动作同时发生从句的动作与主句动作同时发生 (可以可以理解成与现在事实相反理解成与现在事实相反)He behaves as if he _(be)the owner of the house.wereShe talked about Rome as though she _(be)there herself.had been2).2).从句的动作发生在主句动作之前从句的动作发生在主句动作之前 (可以可以理解成与过去事实相
50、反理解成与过去事实相反)He coughed(咳嗽咳嗽)twice as if someone would come.他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。3).3).从句的动作发生在主句动作之后从句的动作发生在主句动作之后 (可以可以理解成与将来事实相反理解成与将来事实相反)lShe loves the baby as if it _her own son.lIt seems as if it _spring.lI remember the whole thing as if it _yesterday.lThey talked as if they _friends fo
