1、名词复数变化规则名词复数变化规则:1.一般情况直接一般情况直接+s;2.以以s,x,ch,sh 结尾的单词,结尾的单词,加加es;名词复数变化规则名词复数变化规则:3.以元音字母以元音字母+y结尾的,直结尾的,直 接接+s;如:如:boy-boys以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的,把结尾的,把y变变i再再+es;如:如:city-cities 4.4.以字母以字母“O”O”结尾的,有生命的结尾的,有生命的+es;+es;无生命的无生命的+s;+s;常见的单词为:常见的单词为:tomato tomato 西红柿西红柿 potato potato 土豆土豆 hero hero 英雄英雄 Negro
2、Negro 黑人黑人 可总结为一句话:黑人英雄在西红柿可总结为一句话:黑人英雄在西红柿地里吃土豆。地里吃土豆。注:以注:以oooo结尾的直接结尾的直接+s+s;均可。如:均可。如:zero-zeros/zeroeszero-zeros/zeroes名词复数变化规则:名词复数变化规则:5.以以f,fe结尾的单词结尾的单词(1)、变、变f或或fe为为v再加再加-es的的 树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮;树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮;架后窜出一只狼,就像小偷逃命忙。架后窜出一只狼,就像小偷逃命忙。【解释解释】在这些词中,由单数变复数时,须先将在这些词中,由单数变复数时,须先将f或或fe变为变为v再
3、加再加-es变成复数,即:树叶变成复数,即:树叶 leaf-leaves,半数半数half-halves,妻子妻子 wife-wives,刀刀knife-knives,架架 shelf-shelves,狼狼wolf-wolves,小偷小偷 thief thieves,生命生命life-lives.以以f,fe结尾的单词结尾的单词(2)、直接在词尾加、直接在词尾加-s的的 海湾农奴信酋长,悬崖证据藏顶房。海湾农奴信酋长,悬崖证据藏顶房。【解释解释】在这些词中,由单数变复数时,直接在词尾在这些词中,由单数变复数时,直接在词尾加加-s构成,即:构成,即:海湾(海湾(gulf-gulfs)农奴()农奴
4、(serf-serfs)信)信任(任(belief-beliefs)酋长()酋长(chief-chiefs)悬崖(悬崖(cliff-cliffs)证据()证据(proof-proofs)顶房(即房顶、屋顶顶房(即房顶、屋顶 roof-roofs)以以f,fef,fe结尾的单词结尾的单词(3)、以上两种情况均可的、以上两种情况均可的 码头侏儒围围巾,手绢复数变二心。码头侏儒围围巾,手绢复数变二心。【解释解释】在这些词中,由单数变复数时,以上两种在这些词中,由单数变复数时,以上两种情况均可,即:情况均可,即:码头(码头(wharf)侏儒()侏儒(dwarf)围巾()围巾(scarf),手绢(),手
5、绢(handkerchief)复数)复数变二心变二心(即(即以上两种情况均可。以上两种情况均可。6.6.不可数名词没不可数名词没有单复数变化;有单复数变化;7.不规则变化不规则变化(1)变元音变元音 man men,woman women,foot feet,goose geese,tooth teeth,(2)变词尾变词尾 mouse mice,louse-lice ox oxen,child children(3)不变不变 deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese 8.国人变化规则:国人变化规则:中日不变,英法变,其他后面加中日不变,英法变,其他后面加S Japan
6、eseJapanese ChineseChinese Englishman-Englishmen FrenchmanFrenchmen AmericanAmericans German Germans Swedish-Swedishes 9:复合名词复数形式:复合名词复数形式(1)中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数变复数;bookshelfbookshelves bedroom-bedrooms(2)man和和 woman构成的复合名词,二构成的复合名词,二者均变为复数。者均变为复数。man farmermen farmers woman teacherwome
7、n teachers(3)中间有连字符的合成词,在主体词中间有连字符的合成词,在主体词(中心意义的词中心意义的词)末尾变为复数。末尾变为复数。sister-in-lawsisters-in-law father-in-law-fathers-in-law岳父岳父 looker-onlookers-on 旁观者旁观者passer-bypassers-by editor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief总编总编(4)无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 sit-insit-ins 静坐抗议静坐抗议 grown-upgrown-ups 成年人成年人 tou
8、ch-me-nottouch-me-nots 凤仙花凤仙花(含羞草)(含羞草)go-betweengo-betweens 中间人中间人(5)以两个名词构成的复合名词以两个名词构成的复合名词(前前面的名词为面的名词为man或或woman除外除外),一般把后面的名词变复数。一般把后面的名词变复数。如:如:boy friendboy friends paper bagpaper bags room number room numbers 1)词尾-is 变-es crisis crises 危机 basis bases 基础 analysis analyses 分析 thesis theses 论文
9、 emphasis emphases 强调 diagnosis diagnoses 诊断 synthesis syntheses 综合;合成 axis axes 轴线 2)词尾-um 变-a datum data 数据 medium media 媒体 bacterium bacteria 细菌 vacuum vacua 真空,空间 agendum agenda 议程 gymnasium gymnasia 体育馆 curriculum curricula 课程 symposium symposia 讨论会(forum fora,-ums 论坛,会议场 drum drums 鼓 gum gums
10、口香糖 sum sums 总和 stadium stadia,-ums 体育场)3)词尾-on 变-a criterion criteria 标准 phenomenon phenomena 现象 4)词尾-us 变-i(i均发元音)nucleus nuclei 核子 radius radii 半径 stimulus stimuli 刺激 syllabus syllabi 教学大纲 terminus termini 终点 focus foci,-ses 焦点 genius genii,-ses 天才(bonus bonuses 奖金 campus campuses 校园 impetus impe
11、tuses 推动力 apparatus apparatuses 设备,器官)5)词尾-ix/ex 变-ices index indices 指标,指数 indexes 索引 appendix appendices 附录 注:complex(联合体)与complice(同伙)无关 6)词尾-a 变-ae antenna antennae 天线习题:orange_ class _ scarf_ monkey_ piano(钢琴)_ life _orangesclassestextsmonkeyspianoslives rabbit _ shelf_ bed_ family_ toy_ radio(
12、收音机)_rabbitsshelvesbedsfamiliestoysradiosphoto(相片)_ army_ fox_knife _ boy _ egg _ photosarmiesfoxesknivesboyseggs tree _ knife _ cat _ animal _ roof _ car _ treesknivescatsanimalsboatscarswatch _sweater _ box _ elephant _ horse_ documentary_ watchessweatersboxeselephantshorsesdocumentaries movie_ co
13、medy_ action_ zoo_ potato_ foot_ moviescomediesactionszoospotatoesfeet bus_ dish_ map_ month_ coat _ hero(英雄)_ busesdishesmapsmonthscoatsheroes picture _ eye _ tooth _ belief_ country_ tomato_ pictureseyesteethbeliefscountriestomatoesfry_ leaf _ classroom _Negro(黑人)_match_ fish_ friesleavesclassroom
14、sNegroesmatchesfishchild_brush_ glass_ tax_ factory_ city_ childrenbrushesglassestaxesfactoriescities Zoo Kangaroo bamboo baby-babies piano-pianos army-armies story-stories radio-radios tomato-tomatoes toys days ties hands peaches boxes leaf-leaves cases fishes wife-wives kilo-kilos housewife-housewives factory-factories watches boy-boys oranges bands blouses hero-heroes potato-potatoes books hats suits bridges keys knife-knives cups dresses dishes faxes thief-thieves dogs bags buses classes shelf-shelves zoo-zoos photo-photos