1、0101可数名词可数名词 不规则名词不规则名词 不可数名词不可数名词名词的数名词的数0202名词的量名词的量0303ss所有格的构成所有格的构成 ofof所有格的用法所有格的用法 双重所有格形式双重所有格形式名词所有格名词所有格0404词义辨析及短语词义辨析及短语名名词词 2011-2017中考考查情况 年份年份 考查名词知识点考查名词知识点 2011词义辨析 rule/plan/hobby/choice 2012单复数 sleep 2013不可数chicken 2014所有格 Womens 2015单复数one of+复数symbols,culture 2016不可数glass 2017不可
2、数名词weight和height名词：表示人，事物，抽象概念等的词 专有名词专有名词（注意大写）（注意大写）普通名词普通名词国名地名人名团体机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词个体：表个体的人或事物集体：表一群人，一些事情抽象：表状态，品质，行为，情感等物质the United States;CambridgeUniversitypenfamilyhappiness;knowledgewater,air,rice 第 一 部 分 名词的数1.1.一般情况在词尾加一般情况在词尾加-s -s maps,girls,daysmaps,girls,days2.2.以以s,x,ch,shs,x,ch,sh结尾
3、的名词后加结尾的名词后加-es-es6.以辅音字母加以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词结尾的名词1）一般加）一般加-es negroes,heroes,potatoes,tomatoes黑人英雄爱吃土豆和番茄黑人英雄爱吃土豆和番茄2）-s studios,pianos,radios,photos,zoos,bamboos4.4.以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾的名词，变结尾的名词，变y y为为i i加加-es-es families,cities,parties,storiesfamilies,cities,parties,stories7.以以-th结尾的名词加结尾的名词加-struths,mou
4、ths,months,paths规则名词的复数形式规则名词的复数形式class-classes,boxes,watches,dishes3.以以-f或或-fe结尾的词结尾的词1）变）变-f和和-fe为为-v再加再加-eswife-wives,knife-knives,thief-thieves,leaf-leaves2)加加-sroofs,chiefs,beliefs,proofs5.5.以元音字母加以元音字母加y y结尾的名词，结尾的名词，或专有名词以或专有名词以y y结尾的，加结尾的，加-s-stoys,boys,days,rays,Henrys（1）练习题1.We need some m
5、ore.Can you go and get some,please?A.potato B.potatos C.potatoes D.piece of potatos2.How manyhave you got on your farm?A.sheeps B.sheep C.pig D.chickenCB练习题1.Which is the way to the?A.shoe factory B.shoes factory C.shoes factory D.shoes factory2.the teachers in their school is about 200 and one four
6、th of them areteachers.A.A number of;women B.A number of;womanC.The number of;women D.The number of;woman3.I saw someanddancing in the street the day before yesterday.A.Germen;Englishmen B.Germans;EnglishmansC.Germans;Englishmen D.Germen;Englishmans ACC（2）不规则名词复数 规则规则 常考例词常考例词1.改变名词中的原音字母或其他形式man-me
7、n,woman-women,goose-geese,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-micefish,deer,sheep,yuan,jin3.只有复数形式trousers,clothes,goods,glasses,pants,shorts,socks,gloves4.一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,staff,cattle5.词尾加-ren/enchild-children,ox-oxen6.部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体），又可以作复数（成员）class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,team,pub
8、lic,partythe Greens（格林一家人）；in the 1990s;in his 20s8.复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关），times（时代），spirits（情绪），drinks（饮料）9.表示“某国人”，“中日瑞士均不变，英法变，其他加“s”Americans,Germans,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,Englishmen,Frenchwomensons-in-law,lookers-on,a girl student-two girl studentsgrown-ups,housewives,pencil boxesthree men sing
9、ers,four women teachers2.单复同形7.the+姓氏s:表一家人；in the+数字+s,表年代，in ones+整十数的复数：表某人几十岁的时候10.合成名词1）将主体名词变成复数2）无主体名词将最后一部分变成复数3）将两部分变成复数练习题1.There is good for you.Ive found your lost watch.A.news B.ideas C.messages D.advice2.-Where are you going,Sam?-There isnt anyin the fridge.Ill go and buy some.A.vegeta
10、bles B.beef C.eggs D.money AB食物类食物类meat,fish,chicken,beef,pork,mutton,rice,salt,sugar,porridge,bread 其他类其他类工作类：工作类：work,homework,houseworkwork,homework,housework空间类：空间类：room,spaceroom,space学科：学科：maths,Chinesemaths,Chinese易错类：易错类：information,news,knowledge,information,news,knowledge,paper,weather,fur
11、niture,paper,weather,furniture,money,ink,fun,advicemoney,ink,fun,advice2.2.不可数名词不可数名词 材料类材料类 metal,paper,glass,cotton,silk,wool,wood,hair,plastic 名词的量（2 2）既可当可数又可当不可数的名词，但意义不同）既可当可数又可当不可数的名词，但意义不同 例词例词词义（不可数）词义（不可数）例词例词词义（不可数）词义（不可数）chicken鸡肉chickens鸡room空间rooms房间fish鱼肉fishes鱼orange橙汁oranges橙子glass玻
12、璃glasses玻璃杯paper纸张papers试卷，报纸time时间times倍数，次数work工作works作品experience经验experiences经历wood木头woods森林There is in the bottle.A.no any orange B.not a orange C.not any orangeD.no oranges答案：C no=not any=not a知识小拓展：可转化为可数名词的抽象名词，常见的有a strong wind,a heavy snow,a great success,a long history不可数名词不可数名词单数单数a glas
13、s of water/ink a glass of water/ink a piece of paper/news/advice/work/breaa piece of paper/news/advice/work/bread d复数复数two glasses of water/inktwo glasses of water/inktwo pieces of two pieces of paper/news/advice/work/breadpaper/news/advice/work/bread可数名词可数名词 a bag of applesa bag of applest two bags
14、 of appleswo bags of apples2.数词+容器/计量单位+of的使用 注意：可数名词的量化，要注意其中的量词及名词的复数变化注意：可数名词的量化，要注意其中的量词及名词的复数变化123只可修饰不可数名词的词或短语much,alittle,little,a bit of,a large amount,a great deal of只修饰可数名词的词或短语a number of,many,too many,few,a few修饰可数和不可数都可以some,any,a lot of,plenty of,enough1.1.可以修饰可数或不可数的词和短语可以修饰可数或不可数的词和
15、短语1.s1.s所有格的构成（一般是有生命的名词所有格）所有格的构成（一般是有生命的名词所有格）单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father,Jacks book,her son-in-laws photo复数名词1）一般在末尾加2)不规则复数名词后加sthe teachers room,the twins motherthe childrens toys,womens rights以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Charless job,the Smiths house共有，分别有Jane and Marys father 共有（谓语单数）Janes and Marys fathers 分别
16、有（谓语复数）表示某家人，店铺，所有格后名词省略at the doctors/at the barbers/at the tailorsat my uncles,at Mr.Wangs知识小拓展1.表示时间，距离，集体，国家，团体等无生命的名词也可用s构成所有格。todays paper,the worlds population,two hours walk2.有些表示时间，距离集体，国家，团体等无生命的名词，以-s或-es结尾的名词末尾只加构成所有格。It is only twenty minutes walk.Who won the girls 100-meter race?3.“数词-
17、名词-形容词”复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式而用单数形式（有杆无s）We have ten minutes break.=We have a ten-minute break.an 8/18/80/800-meter race 名词所有格2.of 2.of 所有格的用法（常用于没有生命的名词所有所有格的用法（常用于没有生命的名词所有格）格）用于无生命的东西the legs of the chair,the cover of the book,the cost of living用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语（短语或定从时）the classrooms of the first-yea
18、r students练习题1.desk is long and wide.They like it very much.A.Sonias and Janes B.Sonia and Janes C.Sonia and Jane D.Sonias and Jane2.-How far is your home from school?-Its about two walk.A.hours B.hours C.hours D.hour3.Every morning Mr.Smith takes a to his office.A.20 minutes walks B.20 minutes walk
19、 C.20-minutes walk D.20-minute walk4.It is five years since we began to enjoy a spring holiday each year.A.ten-day B.ten day C.ten days D.ten-days5.In this test,we re asked to write a passage of about.A.80-words B.80-word C.80 words D.80 wordsBBDAC练习题1.Mrs.Smith isfriend of.A.the;mine B.a;me C.the;m
20、y D.a;mine2.The post card is sent by.A.a friend of my father B.a friend of my fathers C.a friend father D.my father friendsDB123 of&s类some friends of my fathers,a friend of Marys fathersof&名词性物主代词类 a teacher of mine/yours注意：有时两种所有格均可使用，但所表达的意义不同He is a friend of my fathers.（意指朋友不止一个）He is a friend o
21、f my father.（强调两个人之间的友情）3.3.双重所有格形式：限定词双重所有格形式：限定词+名词名词+of+of+表人的所有格名词性表人的所有格名词性 词义辨析及短语the key the key toto door doorthe way the way toto school schoolthe answers/keys the answers/keys toto the questions the questionsthe exit the exit toto the building the buildingthe bridge the bridge toto knoledg
22、e knoledget the solution he solution toto the problem the problemthe secret the secret toto learn sth learn sththe ticket the ticket toto/for the game/for the game4.特别要记住的常考介词表所有格：(用TO不用OF)（1 1）只用复数形式的名词短语）只用复数形式的名词短语do exercises take turns take notes do exercises take turns take notes in dozens mak
23、e friends with shake hands with in dozens make friends with shake hands with（2 2）单复数意义相同的名词）单复数意义相同的名词make faces/a face play jokes/a joke on sbmake faces/a face play jokes/a joke on sbhave talks/a talk with sbhave talks/a talk with sb（3 3）单复数意义不同的名词）单复数意义不同的名词have a word with sb have a word with sb
24、同某人说句话同某人说句话 have words with sb have words with sb 同某人吵架同某人吵架make cloth make cloth 织布织布 make clothes make clothes 做衣服做衣服2.名词短语（1 1）几组常见易混淆名词辨析）几组常见易混淆名词辨析 例词例词 意义意义 句子句子（1）workhow heavy work joban interesting job（2）cook/cooker/（3）problemsolve/deal with a questionask/answer a（4）soundthe sound of wate
25、r voicein a loud voice noisethe noise outside（5）homeMy home is near here.houseMy house is large.familyMy family is a happy one.（6）adviceoffer/a piece of suggestionmake a/s多指体力或脑力的努力或活动，不可数多指为换取报酬而进行的日常活动，可数厨师厨具客观上存在的等待解决的问题，困难，麻烦人为主观上产生的需要解答或解释的问题自然界的声音人的嗓声噪音家，包括住处和家房子，住宅家庭成员不可数有复数形式勇攀高峰 1.Many stud
26、ents will take part in the _ summer camp this summer vacation.A.two-week B.two-weeks C.two weeks D.two weeks2.There are many _ shops in this street.I want a pair of _ shoes.A.shoe;sport B.shoes;sport C.shoe;sports D.shoes;sports3.Those exchange students are not from England.They are _.A.Germen B.Ger
27、mans C.Englishmans D.Englishmen 4.There is little_ in the fridge,why not buy some to eat in the supermarket?A.orange B.beef C.egg D.potato5.-How can I get some _ about the 2016 Olympic Games?-Why not search the internet?A.information B.experience C.practice D.successACBBA典题精练1.The students of Grade
28、7 visited Mikes farm and saw manythere.A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit2.-Mum,Ive heard that we cant eat these days.Is it true?-Take it easy.It is safe to eat cooked meat.A.chicken B.chickens C.a chicken D.the chicken3.Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on Day.A.Woman B
29、.Women C.Womans D.Womens 4.Mickey mouse is one of the most famous in American.A.symbol;culture B.symbol;cultures C.symbols;culture D.symbols;cultures5.The broken may cut into your hand if you touch it,you should be careful.A.glass B.glasses C.candle D.candles6.Daniel has tried to lose by eating less
30、 recently,but two kilos has been put on instead.A.weight B.weights C.height D.heightsCADCAA11.Always read the _ before you start taking the medicine.A.instructions B.introduction C.connection D.inventions12.-I am really worried about the coming final exam.-Take it easy.If necessary,you can turn to y
31、our teachers or parents for some _.A.suggestion B.messages C.advice D.question13.I paid 10 for _ this morning.A.4 bottle milks B.4 bottles of milk C.4 bottles of milks D.4 milk14.Lisa is _ and she has an _ sister.A.11-year old;8-year-old B.11 years old;8-year-old C.11 years old;8 year old D.11-year-
32、old;8 years old15._ mothers both work in the same hospital.A.Tim and Peters B.Tims and Peter C.Tims and Peters D.Tim and Peter ACBBC6.-The plane fell into the sea.There is no _ of life in it.-What a terrible accident！A.sign B.symbol C.form D.reply7.I must go to _ now,because I am not feeling well.A.
33、doctor B.the doctors C.the doctors D.doctors8.The two _ are Germans,but the two _ are Americans.A.ladies;mans B.ladys;men C.ladies;men D.ladyes;mans9.My grandma always forgets to bring _.Her_ is poorer.A.key;memory B.key;memories C.keys;memory D.keys;memories10.Mr.Wang is going to give us a few _ ab
34、out studying abroad this afternoon.A.suggestions B.advice C.information D.experienceACCCA 习题答案课后作业单项选择1-5 DADAC 6-10 DBBBD 11-15 CADBB 16-20 ACDCD完形填空46-50 CADCA 51-55 DACDA阅读题61-65 DCBCD 16.After taking exercise,the women coaches usually have _,and then get down to do some reading.A.two glass of or
35、ange juiceB.two glasses of orange juice C.two glasses of orange juices D.two glass of orange juices17.-Do you think _ are too young to have part-time jobs?-I dont agree.A.sixteen-year-old B.sixteens-year-old C.sixteen-years-oldD.sixteen-year-olds18.Lucy received a dozen of roses from her daughter on
36、 _ Day.A.Mother B.Mothers C.Mothers D.Mothers19.Look!Some _ are showing a group of _ around our school.A.woman teachers;Germen B.women teachers;Germen C.woman teachers;Germans D.women teachers;Germans20.-Wheres Tom?-He has left a/an _ saying that he has something important to do.A.excuse B.message C.news D.ideaBDDDB感谢大家的观看！
