1、Grammar定语从句定语从句：是一个句子，在复合句中：是一个句子，在复合句中,由关系词引导，由关系词引导，相当于一个相当于一个形容词形容词，修饰名词或代词，修饰名词或代词(先行词先行词)。This is the best film（that I have seen.）先行词先行词关系词关系词先行词先行词：被修饰的名词或代词，在定语从句之前：被修饰的名词或代词，在定语从句之前.定语从句定语从句：先行词之后：先行词之后,修饰先行词修饰先行词.关系词关系词:引导从句引导从句,在从句中代替先行词，充当句子成分在从句中代替先行词，充当句子成分.结构：结构：先行词先行词+（关系词（关系词 +句子）句子）
2、定语从句定语从句I have an apple.The apple is red.I have an apple that/which is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple I like some friends.Some friends like sports.I like frineds who/that like sports.修饰先行词修饰先行词 friends The lady is Green.We saw her yesterday.herThe lady we saw yesterday is Green Who/that关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词关系代词实
3、际上代替的就是先行词 二二.关系词的分类关系词的分类1.关系代词关系代词 2.关系副词关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副状语，常用的关系副词有：词有：when,where,why先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词事，物：事，物：which/that/whose/as 人：人：who/whom/whose/that/as地点：
4、地点：where时间：时间：when原因：原因：why关系关系代词的基本用法和注意点代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法关系代词关系代词 指代的先指代的先行词行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whose人或物人或物定语定语 who指人指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。语时，可省略。The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A pers
5、on who steals things is called a thief.whom指人指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省在定语从句中作宾语，可省略略。The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.who,whom which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。语。作宾语时，可省略。These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.whichHe is the man(that)I tol
6、d you about.that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。语。作宾语时，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.thatwhose指人或物指人或物,在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.whose2.关系代词的用法注意点关系代词的用法注意点(1)
7、that和和which都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下5种情况种情况只能用只能用that 不能用不能用which。当先行词中有人又有物时。如：当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况 当先行词为不定代词当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：等时。如：This is all that I want fr
8、om the school.当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.当先行词被当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等等修饰时。如：修饰时。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.
9、(2)that和和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用多用who。(2)用who不用that的情况先行词为先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：等时。如：All who heard the news were excited.先行词为先行词为those,he和和people时。如：时。如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点引导的定语从句注意
10、点whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。词短语。whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。了这个消息。(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点whose的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语代替，但语序不同，即序不同，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of which，或，或=o
11、f which+the+名词。如：名词。如：The novel whose title(=the title of which或或of which the title)is Red and Black is very interesting.whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。whose的先行词指人时，可用的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，代替，但语序不同，即但语序不同，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of whom，或，或=of whom+the+名词。如：名词。如：The boy whose mother(=
12、the mother of whom或或of whom the mother)is a doctor is my friend.The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world.that (2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new.that(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.巩固练习：巩固练习：1.用定语从句
13、合并句子用定语从句合并句子(3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with.whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen.(which/that)who/thatwhosewhich/thatwho,that,whom,which,whose1.I have a friend
14、_ likes listening to the classical music.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player.4.Kate is reading a book _ is too difficult for her.1.The girl _is standing who/that巩固练习：巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空1.The family _ Im stayi
15、ng with lives in town.2.I know the student _ article was published.3.Betty,_ has never been abroad,is studying English very well.4.My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old.5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.6.Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.(wh
16、ich/that)whosewho?thatwhich/thatwhomwhom?省略省略 the usage of the relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语状语whowhomwhichthatwhose表语定语asThe man who helped you is Mr White.This is the person(who)you want to see.The person(whom)Tom is talking to is my father.A dictionary is a useful book which tell
17、s us the meaning of words.The film which we just talked about is very interesting.Tom is late again,which makes his teacher very angry.Im not the fool(that)you thought me to be.The man that helped you is Mr White.This is the person(that)you want to see.A dictionary is a useful book that tells us the
18、 meaning of words.The film that we just talked about is very interesting.Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.the usage of the relative adverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语Would you suggest a time when we can h
19、ave a talk?They still remember the happy days(which/that)they spent in Beidaihe.In a sports team each player has a clear role，and there are few occasions when members are confused or uncertain of their rolesThe house where they live is not very large.We ll visit the factory which/that makes radios.W
20、hile public speaking focuses on an individual,debate is an activity where two or more speakers present their opinions in support and against a given issue.Chinas new food law provides for a food recall(召召回回)system where producers have to stop production if their food isnt up to standards.This is the
21、 reason why he did not came to the meeting.We are not satisfied with the reason that/which he gave us.at which he works.which he works at.That is the college where he works.that he works at.he works at.on which he was born which he was born onThe day when he was born was 2nd Mar.that he was born on
22、he was born onThis is the reason why/for which he did not came to the meeting.“介词关系代词”用法1.介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands2.介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.3.The train on which I went to Beijing is an expres
23、s.类别类别意义意义功能功能形式形式关系代词关系代词限定性限定性定语从定语从句句非限定非限定性定语性定语从句从句起限定作用。起限定作用。若省略，原句若省略，原句意义不完整意义不完整。起补充说明作起补充说明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意义不受原句意义不受影响。影响。修饰修饰先行先行词词修饰先修饰先行词行词/整个句整个句子子无逗无逗号隔号隔开开有逗有逗号与号与主句主句隔开隔开1.有有that 无无that 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别当关系代词指代整当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。个主句内容时。He was late again,which made
24、 his teacher very angry.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：只用非限制性定语从句的情况：The moon,which is 384,400 kilometers away from the earth,goes around the earth.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：只用非限制性定语从句的情况：Yesterday he left America,where he had stayed for two years.I have a son who is a doctor.I have a son,who is a docotor.只用that引导 1.当先行词既包括人又包括
25、物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.2.指物的先行词被any,every,only,very,all,no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me.Thats the only watch that I like most.3.指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step(that)we are to take is very difficult.This is the second card(that)he gave me.4.先
26、行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it.Have you got everything(that)you need?5.先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?不用that的场合如下：1.非限制性定语从句中 Last night,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March.2.介词放在关系代词之前时 T
27、his is the man from whom I learnt the news3.句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.Anyone who breaks the law is punished.Those who break the law are punished.He who breaks the law is punished.定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。的先行词保持一致。I am
28、not one who _afraid of difficultyDont choose me,who _not fit for this job isam This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have writtenShe is not the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.
29、who to sing Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA先行词是先行词是situation,case,scene，一，
30、一般用般用where14.This is the same pen _I lost yesterday.A.as B.that C.the one D.A&B D比较：比较：.the same pen as I lost.the same pen that I lost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve.The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it.A.as B.that C.which D.the onesABso.that 后面跟的是一个结果状语从句后面跟的是一个结果状语从句
