1、阅读理解阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧 A mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush.She watched the cat,and the cat watched the mice.Mother mouse barked fiercely,”Woof,woof,woof!”the cat was so frightered that it ran for its life.Mother mouse turned to her babies and said,”Now,do
2、you understand the value of a second language?”What is the story mainly about?It is important to learn a foreign language.考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在解程度及在速读速读中准确把握文章主旨大意中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。的能力。Step 2:Question forms about the main ideaStep 2:Question forms about the main idea1)1)主题型主题型主旨大意题的
3、题干表现形式主旨大意题的题干表现形式The The main ideamain idea of the passage is of the passage is The passage is The passage is mainly aboutmainly about What is the passage What is the passage mainly aboutmainly about?Which of the following statements best Which of the following statements best expresses the main id
4、eaexpresses the main idea of the passage?of the passage?2)2)目的类目的类主旨大意题主旨大意题The passage is The passage is meant tomeant to The The purposepurpose of this article is to of this article is to The author intends to.The author intends to.3)3)标题类标题类主旨大意题主旨大意题The The best titlebest title for the passage m
5、ight be for the passage might be 1)1)主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题标题，标题中蕴含标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。的信息往往是关键信息。2)2)找准文章的主题句是关键找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法主题句定位法”是一种是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：读首句读首句抓大意抓大意 读尾句读尾句抓大意抓大意 在中间在中间抓大意抓大意 读首尾段读首尾段抓大意抓大意 3.)3.)主题句主题句隐含隐含在全文中在全文中 无主题句无主题句隐含隐含在全文中明显主题句时在全文中明显主题句时高频
6、信息词高频信息词 任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的反复出现的中心词，即中心词，即高频词高频词，也叫做主题词也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。中心。Sample 1People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer ch
7、icken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.（1）主题句在）主题句在段首段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的一个主题句常常是
8、一个段落的开头开头，其后的句子，其后的句子则是则是论证性细节论证性细节。在。在说明文说明文，科技文献科技文献和和新闻报新闻报道道中多采用这种格式。中多采用这种格式。Sample 2Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.prefe
9、r to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devised to teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.satisfy all students at the same t
10、ime.（2 2）主题句也会出现在）主题句也会出现在段尾段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理层层推理论证论证，最后最后自然得出自然得出结论结论，即段落的主题。本段的中心即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在思想在结尾句结尾句得到体现得到体现，它是此段内容的结它是此段内容的结论。论。Sample 3Sample 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few dark night if a tire
11、 goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a child who inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the dark situations.
12、Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.flashlight in hand.A A camper also needs camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has one after the light of the campfire has been out.been out.（3 3）在短文）在短文中间中间 当主题句被安排在段中间时当主题句被安
13、排在段中间时,通常前面只提出通常前面只提出问问题题，文中的文中的主题主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的而后又作进一步的解释解释,支撑或发展支撑或发展.1)1)关注一些表征强转折关系的连词关注一些表征强转折关系的连词“but,yet,however,in fact,indeed,”but,yet,however,in fact,indeed,”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。主题句。2)2)关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：“in brief/sh
14、ort,above/in/after/allin brief/short,above/in/after/allin all,in conclusion,in a word”in all,in conclusion,in a word”等，等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。题句。3)3)如果主题句含有如果主题句含有show,indicateshow,indicate和和suggestsuggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。主题句在短文主题句在短文中间中间Sample Sample 4 4Shu Pulong has h
15、elped at least 1000 people Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes,“It was seeing people bitten by snakes,“It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the with snakes bites that led me to the career.”Shu said.career.”Shu said.“The sad story touched me so much “The sad s
16、tory touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.”Shu said.people bitten by snakes.”Shu said.（4 4）首尾呼应首尾呼应为突出主题为突出主题,作者先提出主题作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主结尾时再次点出主题题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见.通常通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复前后表述主题的句子不
17、是简单的重复,后面的表后面的表述往往有述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味进一步的引申或发展的意味.(5)从段落中从段落中寻找高频率词寻找高频率词任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即现的中心词，即高频词高频词，也叫也叫做主题词做主题词 Sample 5 The passage is mainly about _.A.the construction of a road B.the design of a road C.the construction of
18、two railways D.the design of two tunnels 文中重复出现文中重复出现的词为关键词，的词为关键词，一般与主旨相一般与主旨相关关 Sample 5 A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system As part of the project,two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city,The two
19、tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide,providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel.The lighting is at the top of the
20、 tunnel,The wall is made up of four main elements,which include a waterproofing covering and,on the inside of the tunnel,a concrete lining.Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat.along the length of the tunnel.The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at t
21、he level of the road surface.Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.(5)从段落中从段落中寻找高频率词寻找高频率词任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即现的中心词，即高频词高频词，也叫也叫做主题词做主题词 Sample 5 The passage is mainly about _.A.the construction of a road B.the
22、design of a road C.the construction of two railways D.the design of two tunnels 文中重复出现文中重复出现的词为关键词，的词为关键词，一般与主旨相一般与主旨相关关 1.Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America.About 160,440 Americans die each year from it.More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related,according to the Lung Ca
23、ncer Organization.A.Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer B.Smoking is a bad habitC.LCO advises people to stop smokingD.Why did people die of Lung cancer?The main idea of the passage is _.2.2.Many people write to newspapers and magazines to Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express th
24、eir opinions.express their opinions.Name or no name?The answer is Name or no name?The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to.very personal and lies in how much we want to.We all have a name.It is a matter of We all have a name.It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make
25、a responsibility to use it when we make a statement,a claim or an accusation.We all statement,a claim or an accusation.We all want to honor our own name,and it is only by want to honor our own name,and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our stamping our expression of an opinion
26、 with our name that we honor what we say.name that we honor what we say.The passage is mainly about_.A.honor and writers B.identity and signatureC.signature(签名)and responsibility D.anonymity and signature3.3.Forget Twitter and Facebook,Google and the Kindle.Television is still the most influential m
27、edium around.Indeed,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world,it remains the next big thingfinally becomes globally available.And that is a good thing,because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better Too much TV has been associated with violence,overweight and loneliness.However,TV i
28、s having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide The author intends to The author intends to .A.stress the advantages of TV to peoples A.stress the advantages of TV to peoples lives lives B.persuade women to become more independent B.persuade women to become more independent C.encour
29、age people to improve their reading C.encourage people to improve their reading skills skills D.introduce the readers some websites such as D.introduce the readers some websites such as GoogleGoogle非文章事实的主观非文章事实的主观臆断臆断4 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smo
30、king can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or te
31、rrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?What is the main idea?A.Smoking can cause cancer.B.Smoking is a terrible killer C.Smoking is harmful to our health.D.An experiment on smoking.某个具体事实或细节某个具体事实或细节片面推出的错误结论片面推出的错误结论某个具体事实或细节某个具体事实或细节5.Often no one looks more guilty than the innocen
32、t.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.What is the main idea of the passage?A.A professional criminal looks mor
33、e innocent than others.B.Dont judge others by appearance.C.So,it is foolish to judge a person only by his appearance D.Try to judge a person only by his appearance6.即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at th
34、e University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.Q:What is the main idea of
35、the passage?A.How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.B.Bingham is a diligent student.C.Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.D.A good lawyer needs good education.How to Deal with the Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意题一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1.干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2.干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能
36、属从文中某些(不完全的不完全的)事事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3.干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案正确答案)是根据文章意思全面是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。言过其实或以偏概全。There is no difficulty in the world if you put your heart into itHomework Please finish the paper which you will receive after classThank You
