1、时态语态时态语态时态和语态是高考语法填空中的必考点，时态和语态是高考语法填空中的必考点，每年必考。究竟考些什么内容？现将考点每年必考。究竟考些什么内容？现将考点简述如下：简述如下：1.时态。时态。时态是英语谓语动词的一种形时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语中常用的时态有来实现的。英语中常用的时态有16种，但种，但高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有十种：高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有十种：时态时态 构成构成(以以do为例为例)主要用法主要用法 一般现在时一
2、般现在时 do/does 经常性或习惯性动作，客观事实，现在的状态经常性或习惯性动作，客观事实，现在的状态 一般过去时一般过去时 did 在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态 一般将来时一般将来时 will/shall do 在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态 过去将来时过去将来时 would do 在过去某一时刻看来将要发生的动作或存在的在过去某一时刻看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态状态 现在进行时现在进行时 am/is/are doing 表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作 过去进
3、行时过去进行时 was/were doing 表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作 将来进行时将来进行时 will/shall be doing 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 现在完成时现在完成时 have/has done 表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态作或状态 过去完成时过去完成时 had done 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动词，即
4、成的动词，即“过去的过去过去的过去”现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 表示一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并有可表示一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作能继续下去的动作 注：注：(1)表示将来还有多种形式，如：表示将来还有多种形式，如：“be going to+动词原形动词原形”“”“be to+动词原形动词原形”“”“be about to+动词原形动词原形”等。在飞机、火车等时刻等。在飞机、火车等时刻表中规定的事情，或在时间状语从句或条件状表中规定的事情，或在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来；表示计语从句中，要用一般现在
5、时表示将来；表示计划好的活动，还常用现在进行时表示。划好的活动，还常用现在进行时表示。(2)现在进行时与现在进行时与always，continually，constantly等连用，表示说话人的某种情感，如等连用，表示说话人的某种情感，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。如：赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。如：He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。他总是帮助别人。(赞扬赞扬)2.语态。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。被动主语是动作的接受者为被动语态
6、。被动语态由语态由“be+过去分词过去分词”构成，不同时构成，不同时态的被动语态的形式由态的被动语态的形式由be来体现，如一来体现，如一般过去时的被动语态就是般过去时的被动语态就是“was/were+过去分词过去分词”，一般将来时的被动语态就，一般将来时的被动语态就是是“will be+过去分词过去分词”。在高考英语语法填空中，一般有一空是在高考英语语法填空中，一般有一空是考查谓语动词的时态，同时有一空是考查非考查谓语动词的时态，同时有一空是考查非谓语动词，因此，首先要判断括号中所给动谓语动词，因此，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓
7、语动词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是用被动语态，二是根据具体的主动语态还是用被动语态，二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态，进而确定所填动语境来判断用哪一种时态，进而确定所填动词的形式。词的形式。例例1：This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result)in the contrary to our intention.(广东广东
8、)分析：因句中分析：因句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，括号中的是动名词短语作主语，括号中的result应当为谓语动词；应当为谓语动词；主语与谓语动词是主动关系，再说短语动词主语与谓语动词是主动关系，再说短语动词result in本身本身是不能用于被动语态的，故用主动语态；根据语境，这是不能用于被动语态的，故用主动语态；根据语境，这段话是拔苗助长这个成语故事所说明的道理，段话是拔苗助长这个成语故事所说明的道理，“我们必我们必须让事物沿着它们的自然进程发展。太着急帮助一件事须让事物沿着它们的自然进程发展。太着急帮助一件事物
9、发展，结果往往和我们的意图相反（欲速则不达）。物发展，结果往往和我们的意图相反（欲速则不达）。”这是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单这是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填数，故填results。例例2：The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _(place)under the Ministers car.(广东广东)分析：替代分析：替代the box的关系代词的关系代词which在定语从句在定语从句中作主语，中作主语，place应当为谓语动词；因主语应当为谓语动词；因主语w
10、hich(the box)与与place(放置放置)是被动关系，故用被动语是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因态；又因place这个动作发生在这个动作发生在was caught这个动这个动作之前，即作之前，即“过去的过去过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被，用过去完成时的被动语态，故填动语态，故填had been placed。一、考点分析一、考点分析 谓语动词的时态语态在全国卷高考谓语动词的时态语态在全国卷高考中是每年必考点，我们必须重视。虽然中是每年必考点，我们必须重视。虽然考试说明中的列了十种时态，但常考的考试说明中的列了十种时态，但常考的只是一般现在时和一般过去时。只是一般现在时和一般过去时。1.
11、一般现在时。一般现在时。Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result)in the contrary to our intention.解析解析句中句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，是动名词短语作主语，result应应是谓语动词，应当考虑的是它的时态；是谓语动词，应当考虑的是它的时态；“急急于求成，往往会事与愿违于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第当用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数
12、形式，故填三人称单数形式，故填results。results2.一般过去时。一般过去时。After a four-day journey,the young man 33 (present)the water to the old man.解析解析句中句中the young man是主语，其后的是主语，其后的present应是谓语动词，由语境可知，用一应是谓语动词，由语境可知，用一般过去时。般过去时。presented3.固定句式中的时态。固定句式中的时态。I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.The sun was setting when my
13、 car 31 (break)down near a remote village.解析解析 在在when后面的句子中，后面的句子中，my car是主语，是主语，break应为谓语动词；由全文可知这是叙述过去的应为谓语动词；由全文可知这是叙述过去的经历，用一般过去式；再说经历，用一般过去式；再说was/were doingwhen did是一个固定句型，是一个固定句型，when后后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时，表示面的句子的谓语用一般过去时，表示“正在做某正在做某事，就在这个时候发生了另一事事，就在这个时候发生了另一事”。broke4.一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态。Her moth
14、er was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,”Jane 40 (inform).解析解析 Jane是主语，其后的是主语，其后的inform应是谓语应是谓语动词；因动词；因Jane与与inform是被动关系，又是一是被动关系，又是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。was informed二、真题演练二、真题演练用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。1.people stepped on your feet or 34 (push)you with their el
15、bows(肘部肘部),hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.(2009年广东年广东)1.pushed 与与stepped并列，也用一般过去时。并列，也用一般过去时。pushed2.Is everyone here?Not yet.Look,there _(come)the rest of our guests!e。由于以由于以here和和there开头引出的倒开头引出的倒装句通常只用于一般时态，又因为句子主装句通常只用于一般时态，又因为句子主语语the rest of our guest为复数，故填为复数，故填come。come3.Barbara is easy
16、 to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear)evening dress.(2010全国卷全国卷II)3.wears。根据句意，此处谈的是一般情况，要用根据句意，此处谈的是一般情况，要用一般现在时；由于一般现在时；由于one of the women前有前有only修饰，修饰，说明其后的定语从句是修饰说明其后的定语从句是修饰one的，而不是修饰的，而不是修饰women的，所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数；的，所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数；故填故填wears。wears4.Every few years,the coal
17、 workers _(have)their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.(上海卷上海卷)4.have。根据句中的根据句中的every few years(每隔几每隔几年年)可知，动作带有经常性和规律性，故用可知，动作带有经常性和规律性，故用一般现在时。一般现在时。5.The church tower which _(restore)will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.(上海卷上海卷)5.is being restored。根据句中的根据句中的will be open t
18、o tourists soon(不久将对游客开放不久将对游客开放)以以及及 The work is almost finished(工程差不多快工程差不多快结束了结束了)可知，可知，the church tower的修复工程的修复工程还正在进行，故用现在进行时的被动语态。还正在进行，故用现在进行时的被动语态。is being restored6.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _(come)on the market in 1973.(重庆卷重庆卷)6.came。主句用现在完成时，主句用现在完成时，sinc
19、e引导的引导的从句用一般过去时。从句用一般过去时。came7.When you are home,give a call to let me know you _(arrive)safely.(2010全国卷全国卷I)7.have arrived。根据常识，说话人应该是根据常识，说话人应该是叫对方叫对方“已经已经”到家后才打电话报平安，到家后才打电话报平安，故选现在完成时。故选现在完成时。have arrived8.Up to now,the program _(save)thousands of children who would otherwise have died.(山东卷山东卷)8
20、.has saved。短语短语up to now的意思是的意思是“到现到现在为止在为止”，指从过去某时开始持续到现在的，指从过去某时开始持续到现在的一段时间，通常与现在完成时连用。一段时间，通常与现在完成时连用。has saved9.For many years,people _(dream)of electric cars.However,making them has been more difficult than predicted.(浙江卷浙江卷)9.have dreamed。根据句意和句中的时态根据句意和句中的时态has been，以有，以有for many years(多年来多年
21、来)可知，可知，要用现在完成时。要用现在完成时。have dreamed10.一一When shall we restart our business?一一Not until we _ our plan.(四川卷四川卷)10.have finished。再根据句意和常识可知，再根据句意和常识可知，人们通常是先制定计划，然后付诸实施，故人们通常是先制定计划，然后付诸实施，故空格处填现在完成时比较符合句子语境。空格处填现在完成时比较符合句子语境。have finished11.Im not finished with my dinner yet.But our friends _(wait)for
22、 us.(北京卷北京卷)11.are waiting。对话的意思是：对话的意思是：“我还有我还有没吃完饭。没吃完饭。”“”“但是我们的朋友在等我们但是我们的朋友在等我们了。了。”are waiting12.I walked slowly through the market,where people _(sell)all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.(湖南卷湖南卷)12.were selling。根据常识，在根据常识，在“我慢慢走我慢慢走过市场时过市
23、场时”，在市场那里有各种蔬菜水果在，在市场那里有各种蔬菜水果在卖，卖，“我我”才会才会“仔细研究其价格仔细研究其价格”“”“买下买下需要的东西需要的东西”。were selling13.Were you surprised by the ending of the film?No,I _(read)the book,so I already knew the story.(2010安徽安徽卷卷)13.had read。由语境可知，由语境可知，“看这本书看这本书”应该是在应该是在“看电影看电影”之前，故用过去完成之前，故用过去完成时。时。had read14.It took me a long
24、time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _(do)for me.(北京卷北京卷)14.had done。句中句中do的动作应发生的动作应发生took之前，故用过去完成时。之前，故用过去完成时。had done15.I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone _(do)it.Was it you?(湖南卷湖南卷)15.had done。根据句意可知，根据句意可知，“有人给玫有人给玫瑰剪枝瑰剪枝”发生在发生在“我去给玫瑰剪枝我去给玫瑰剪枝”之前，之前，即即“过去的过去过去的过
25、去”，故用过去完成时。，故用过去完成时。had done16.Im tired out.I _(shop)all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.(2010湖南湖南卷卷)16.have been shopping。因为因为“很累很累”是因是因为为“整个下午一直在购物整个下午一直在购物”导致的，又由导致的，又由dont seem可知，现在仍在购物，故用现在可知，现在仍在购物，故用现在完成进行时。完成进行时。have been shopping17.I have to see the doctor because I _(co
26、ugh)a lot lately.(2010陕西卷陕西卷)17.have been coughing。根据句中根据句中“不得不不得不要去看医生要去看医生”这一信息可知，这一信息可知，“咳嗽咳嗽”这一这一现象现在还在持续，用现在完成进行时。现象现在还在持续，用现在完成进行时。have been coughing18.This coastal area _(name)a national wildlife reserve last year.(湖南卷湖南卷)18.was named。由于由于this coastal area与与name之间为被动关系，再根据句中的之间为被动关系，再根据句中的las
27、t year可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。was named19.Linda,make sure the tables _(set)before the guests arrive.(2010全国卷全国卷II)19.are set。由于由于table(桌子桌子)与与set(摆，放置摆，放置)之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；又因为之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；又因为make sure后接从句通常要用一般现在时表后接从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，故用一般现在时的被动语态。示将来意义，故用一般现在时的被动语态。are set20.The palace caught
28、fires three times in the last century,and little of the original building _(remain)now.(2010重重庆卷庆卷)20.remains。意思是说，由于三次失火，意思是说，由于三次失火，原来的建筑现在就没有留下来了。原来的建筑现在就没有留下来了。remain=be left被留下来。被留下来。remains21.Youve failed to do what you _(expect)to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.(四川卷四川卷)21.were expec
29、ted。由由expect sb to do sth(期期待某人做某事待某人做某事)可知，可知，you与与expect为被动关为被动关系，要用被动语态；意思是指没有做系，要用被动语态；意思是指没有做“过去过去安排好要做的事安排好要做的事”，于是担心受惩罚，故用，于是担心受惩罚，故用一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态。were expected22.Then came another rider;the old man 32 (catch)his eye and said,“Sir,would you mind doing me a favor?”(2010深圳一模深圳一模)22.caug
30、ht。由与之并列的谓语动词由与之并列的谓语动词and said可知，可知，catch也用一般过去时。也用一般过去时。caught23.People say that a smile can 39 (pass)from one person to another,but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so.(2010深圳一模深圳一模)23.be passed。因因a smile与与pass是被动关系，是被动关系，故用被动语态，注意情态动词后用原形。故用被动语态，注意情态动词后用原形。be passed24.I thought for
31、a moment,35 (roll)down the window,and gestured to the man.(2010茂名一模茂名一模)24.rolled。从后文的从后文的and 可知，可知，roll的时态的时态应与应与thought和和gestured一致，要用一般过去一致，要用一般过去时。注意，由时。注意，由and连接的两个或多个先后发连接的两个或多个先后发生的系列动词时，其时态一致。生的系列动词时，其时态一致。rolled25.When research 35 (assign),the professor expects the student to take it active
32、ly and to complete it with minimum guidance.(三模三模)25.is assigned。谓语动词，因谓语动词，因research(研究研究工作工作)与与assign(分配分配)是被动关系，又根据前是被动关系，又根据前后时态后时态(如如expects)可知，此空应用一般现在可知，此空应用一般现在时的被动语态。时的被动语态。is assigned一、单句填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空。一、单句填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.The house belongs to my aunt but she _(not live)here any more.(全国
33、全国I)2.This machine _(not work).It hasnt worked for years.(浙江浙江)3.If their marketing plans succeed,they _(increase)their sales by 20 percent.(全国全国)4.Population experts predict that most people _(live)in cities in the near future.(上海春上海春)doesnt live doesnt work will increase will live 5.He _(play)foot
34、ball regularly for many years when he was young.(天津天津)6.Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?Yes,since she _ the Chinese Society.(宁夏宁夏)7.Teenagers _(damage)their health because they play computer games too much.(重庆重庆)8.I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening,but I couldnt get through.Her br
35、other _(talk)on the phone all the time!(湖南湖南)played joined are damaging was talking 9.John promised his doctor he _(not smoke),and he has smoked ever since.(北京北京)10.By this time tomorrow,I_(lie)on the beach11.So far this year we _(see)a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.(福建福建)would no
36、t smoke will be lying have seen 12.The hotel wasnt particularly good.But I _(stay)in many worse hotels.(北京北京)13.We first met on a train in 2000.We both felt immediately that we _(know)each other for years.(辽宁辽宁)had stayed had known 14.Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so.H
37、e _(prepare)for it for months.(江苏江苏)15.The telephone _(ring),but by the time I got indoors,it stopped.(四川四川)16.Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area _(invite).(陕西陕西)has been preparing was ringing was invited 17.Whats that noise?Oh,I forgot to tell you.The new machine
38、_(test).(浙江浙江)18.I like these English songs and they _(teach)many times on the radio.(安徽安徽)is being tested have been taught 19.No decision _(make)about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.(北京北京)20.Do you have any problems if you _(offer)this job?Well,Im thinking abo
39、ut the salary.(湖南湖南)will be made are offered 二、语篇填空二、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，按照句阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为填写在答题卡标号为3140的相应位的相应位置上。置上。(以动词时态为主以动词时态为主)(1)It was getting dark when I got home.It was cold and I 1_(wear)a coat.
40、I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2_(take)out my key 3_ I couldnt find it.I suddenly remembered that I had left 4_ on my desk in the office.It really didnt make 5_ difference.I knew my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school 6_ now,so I knocked at the d
41、oor.was wearing to take but it any by There was no answer,so I knocked again.I 7_(continue)knocking at the door for some time.I was getting angry.Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon.He said that my wife 8 _(phone)saying that she 9_(go)shopping in the afternoon with the chi
42、ldren.There was only one thing for me to do:I had to clime in 10_ a window.continued had phone would go through(2)When he was a little boy,Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother 1_(turn)the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.“Wouldnt it work 2_(quick)if a machine turned the wheel for y
43、ou?”he asked.“I suppose it would,”said his mother,without 3_(pay)him any attention.Christopher 4_(know)she always had a lot of work,and he wanted 5_(help)her.turning/turn quicker paying knew to help Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father had bought 6 _ as a gift.“I 7_(make)b
44、etter use of it,”little Christopher said to himself.So,when his mother 8_(not use)her sewing-machine,he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it.When the job 9_(finish),he was quite pleased,10_(think)his mother 11_(like)it.him shall/will make was not using was finished thinking would like“Very clever,”his
45、 mother said,when she saw it.Then she sat down and went on 12 _(turn)the wheel by hand.“I 13 _(work)like this for too many years,”she explained.This taught Christopher Cockerell the lesson that anyone who tries 14_(improve)anything 15_(have)to learn:Many people dont like new ideas.turning have been working to improve has
