1、第七章第七章 保险单据保险单据一、海上运输货物的损失二、海上保险险别三、保险单据概述四、保险单的缮制五、信用中有关保险单据条款举例第七章 保险单据一、海上运输货物的损失(一)按损失的原因不同,可分为:n自然灾害n意外事故n外来风险造成的损失(二)按损失程度的不同,可分为:海上损失海上损失 全部损失全部损失 部分损失部分损失 实际全损实际全损 推定全损推定全损 单独海损单独海损 共同海损共同海损 二、海上保险险别基本险基本险附加险附加险平安险平安险水渍险水渍险一切险一切险一般附加险一般附加险特殊附加险特殊附加险CIC保险险别保险险别协会货物保险条款的种类协会货物条款(A)ICC(A)协会货物条款
2、(B)ICC(B)协会货物条款(C)ICC(C)协会战争险条款(货物)协会罢工险条款(货物)恶意损害险条款三、保险单据概述(一)保险单据(Insurance Document)n保险单据是承保人(Underwriter)与投保人(Applicant)之间订立保险合同的一种书面证明,它也是承保人对投保人出具的承保证明。(二)保险单的关系人n保险人(Insurer)n被保险人(The Assured或The Insured)n保险代理人(Insurance Agent)n保险经纪人(Insurance Broker)(三)保险单据的种类1、按保险契约形式划分:保险单(INSURANCE POLIC
3、Y)保险凭证(INSRUANCE CERTIFICATE)联合凭证(COMBINED INSURANCE CERTIFICATE)2、按载货船舶情况不同,可分为:预约保险单(Open POLICY)总括保险单(Blanket POLICY)3、按保险时间和空间的不同,可分为:定期保险单(TIME POLICY)航程保险单(VOYAGE POLICY)4、按投保次数可分为:单独保险单(Specific Policy)流动保险单(Floating Policy)5、按保险标的物的价值不同,可分为:定值保险单(Valued Policy)非定值保险单(Unvalued Policy)(四)保险单式样
4、四、保险单的缮制n保险单是各类保险单据中最为常见的一种,有保险公司审单员根据投保人提供的投保单以及合同、信用证、商业发票和运输单据进行缮制。n也有一些保险公司不使用投保单清单,而是由投保人自己直接代保险公司缮制保险单,保险公司审核后填制险别及签单。n保险单的主要栏目:(一)保险单号(POLICY NO.)(二)发票号次(INVOICE NO.)(三)保险人(Insurer)n即承保人,一般为保险公司或保险商或其代理人,但不是保险经纪人;(四)被保险人/投保人(Insured)n即保险的抬头,一般谁投保,谁为被保人。n若信用证有相关规定按信用证要求填写;如L/C规定:nINSURANCE POL
5、ICY MADE OUT TO THE APPLICANT;nINSURANCE POLICY MADE OUT TO THE ORDER OF XXX BANK;nINSURANCE POLICY MADE OUT TO THIRD PARTY;nINSURANCE POLICY MADE OUT TO ORDERn背书(ENDORSEMENT)n在CIF交易条件下,出口单位向银行交单结汇时,除了须将提单转让外,在保单正本及第二联的背面也应加盖背书签章,将保单的权益随同保险标的物权利的转移一起转让给单据持有人。n背书有记名背书和空白背书之分n保险单据的背书,根据信用证规定和被保险人根据不同情
6、况应作成的几种背书如下:nInsurance policy endorsed in blank或A blank endorsed insurance policy假如被保险人是出口方,它在保单背面作成空白背书如下:XYZ CO.,PlaceSignaturen如果信用证规定:Insurance policy endorsed to the order of ABC Bank,place出口方是被保险人,在保单背面应作成记名背书,如下:To order of ABC Bank,place/Claim payable to the order of ABC Bank,placeXYZ CO.,Pl
7、aceSignature被背书人ABC Bank是新的被保险人n如果信用证规定:Insurance policy endorsed to the order and benefit of our Bank(Issuing Bank,place)出口方是被保险人,在保单背面应作成记名背书,如下:Claim payable to the order and benefit of(Issuing Bank,place)XYZ CO.,PlaceSignature被背书人开证行是新的被保险人n进口商付款赎单时,若被背书人或被保险人是开证行,则由开证行作成记名背书给进口商ABC Import Co.,C
8、laim payable to the order of ABC Import Co.,placeIssuing Bank,PlaceSignature(五)唛头和号码(MARKS&NOS.)n应与发票和运输单据一致;n如果唛头比较复杂,可注AS PER INVOIVE NO.XXX(被保人索赔时一定要提交发票)(六)保险货物项目(DESCRIPTION OF GOODS)n应与发票相符,如果货名过多,可只写统称,但不能与发票及其他单据的货物描述有冲突。n如信用证要求一切单据均表示信用证号码(如:All documents must indicate this credit No.”),可在本
9、栏空处表示:“Credit No.XXX”(七)包装及数量(PACKAGE&QUANTITY)n要求将包装单位及其数量填入n填写最大包装的件数n若包装单位不只一种,如2000箱中有700箱是纸箱,1300箱是木箱,则作如下表示:700 cartons1300 wooden cases2000 packagesn如果货物的价格以毛重或净重计价,除应该表示数量外,再表示毛重或净重;n如果是裸装货物则表示其个数;n散装货物在其重量后再表示散装字样,如 XXX M/Tons in bulk.(八)保险金额与货币(AMOUNT INSURED AND CURRENCY)n除非L/C另有规定,一般按CIF
10、或CIP价值或发票毛值加一成投保,至少等于发票金额;n保险金额不表示辅币,小数点以下采用向上进位方式,不管多少辅币都上一个货币单位;n金额大小写必须一致,且使用与L/C或发票或汇票相同的货币开立保单;n如果发票金额有扣佣者,应去发票金额未扣佣前的毛额再计算加成办理投保;n大写金额最末应加“only”,以防涂改。(九)保费和费率(PREMIUM AND RATE)n一般由保险公司印上AS ARRANGED,不必受益人填具具体金额。n但若L/C有相反的规定,按信用证要求填写。如:INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE FOR FULL INVOICE VALUE PLUS
11、10%MARKED PREMIUM PAID,则应将印就的AS ARRANGED删去,加盖核对章后打上PAID字样。(十)船名或装运工具(PER CONVEYANCE S.S.)n按实际运输方式和运输工具名称填入;n若为海运(BY SEA,BY STREAMER,BY VESSEL PER S.S.),应在运输方式后填写装载船只的船名和航次;n如以两程船完成整个航运,按提单第一程船名为MAYER,第二程船名为SOVIA,则此栏应填写MAYER/SOVIA;n如为陆运(包括铁路运输BY RAIL,BY RAILWAY,BY TRAIN等;公路运输BY TRUCK,BY ROAD,BY HIGHW
12、AY等),此栏应填具车名、车皮号或运单号;n如为空运(BY AIR,BY AIR PLANE,BY AIRWAY等),此栏应在运输方式后加航班号或运单号,n如为邮运(BY POST,BY PARCEL POST,BY MAIL等),则加邮据号。(十一)开航日期约于(SAILING ON OR ABOUT)n通常填提单签发日期n若填写时尚不知准确提单日(备运提单)可填写准确提单日期前后5天内任一天的估计日期n也可填AS PER B/L,AS PER AIR WAYBILL或AS PER CARGO RECEIPT或AS PER TRANSPORT DOCUMENT等。(十二)起讫地点(FROM
13、TO )n应按B/L,填写FORM装运港TO目的港W/T AT(或VIA)转运港n如果买方不在港口,买方为了切身利益不受损失,一般都在信用证条款中要求保险投保到最终内陆目的地,尤其是无港口的内陆国家。填写时加AND THENCE TO 投保最终目的地。如:FROM SHANGHAI TO NEW YORK AND THENCE TO CHICAGO或FROM SHANGHAI TO NEW YORK IN TRANSIT TO CHICAGO。(十三)承保险别(CONDITIONS)n一般应包括具体投保险别、保险责任起讫时间、适用保险条款的文本及日期等。如:n COVERING FPA AS
14、PER OCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSE OF THE PEOPLES INSURANCE COMPANYE OF CHINA DATED 1/1 1981,INCLUDING WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE。n如果信用证对险别规定不明确,如规定“usual risks or customary risks”等,则不管双方如何约定,银行可接受任何险别的保险单;n信用证规定投保转运险,即使货物直达不转运,也要按信用证要求办理转运险;n如果信用证要求险别大于合同规定,应提出修改或其超出部分的险别的保险费由对方负担;如果信用证要求的险别小于合同规定,可以先按信用证要求
15、投保,以利安全收汇,同时再向保险公司办理未保部分险别的“批单”径寄买方;n我国人保公司规定不能同时投保中外两个保险机构,只能取其一。(十四)赔付地点(CLAIM PAYABLE AT)n如果信用证没有规定,则以目的港为赔付地点n当L/C有特殊规定时,应按要求注明,如nINSUARANCE CLAIM IF ANY,PAYABLE IN SPAIN AND STATING AGENTS COMPANY IN SPAIN,则应由保险公司选出在西班牙的代理公司,按要求写出赔付地点n若L/C规定ALL INSURANCES CLAIMS ARE PAYABLE TO THE PEOPLES INSUR
16、ANCE COMPANY OF CHINA GUANZHOU BRANCH INTERNATIOAL DEPT AT GUANGZHOU,则保单上赔付地点应写成:THE PEOPLES INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA GUANZHOU BRANCH INTERNATIOAL DEPT AT GUANGZHOU(十五)理赔地点n理赔的具体名址由保险公司提供;(十六)出单地点和日期n出单地点为保险公司所在地n保险的出单日期至少不能晚于提单日、发运日或接受监管日,以保证符合事先投保的原则n当保单以批单方式加以修改时,若批单日期迟于提单装运日期,应在批单上加注生效日,并与保单日期
17、保持一致。(十七)保险单份数(COPIES OF INSURANCE POLICY)nUCP500第34条(B)款规定:除非L/C另有授权,如保险单据表明所出具正本单据系一份以上,则必须提交全部正本保险单据。n若L/C规定:INSURANCE POLICY IN DUPLICATE/IN TWO FOLD/IN TWO COPIES,受益人提交保险公司发出的一张正本和一张副本构成全套保险单,其中正本保险单可经背书转让;n若L/C规定:INSURANCE POLICY IN 2 ORIGINALS,受益人提交的应是两张印有ORIGINAL字样的正本保险单(十八)保险公司签章(AUTHORIZED
18、 SIGNATURE)n保险单经保险公司签章后方为有效,其签章一般事先印就在保险单的右下方。三、信用证中有关保险单据条款举例1、INSURANCE POLICIES OR CERTIFICAATE IN TWO FOLD PAYABLE TO THE ORDER OF COMMERCIAL BANK OF LONDON LTD.COVERING MARINE INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES A(1.1.1982),INSTITUTE STRIKE CLAUSES CARGO(1.1.1982),INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSES CARGO(1.1.1982),FOR
19、INVOICE VALUE PLUS 10%INCLUDING WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE UP TO THE FINAL DESTINATION AT SWISSLAND,MARKED PREMIUM PAID,SHOWING CLAIMS IF ANY,PAYABLE IN GERMANY,NAMING SETTLING AGENT IN GERMANY。2、INSURANCE POLICY/CERTIFICATE,ISSUED TO THE APPLICANT(AS INDICATED ABOVE),COVERING RISKS AS PER INSTITUTE CAR
20、GO CLAUSES(A),AND INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSES(CARGO)INCLUDING WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE CLAUSE UP TO FINAL DESTINATION AT SCHOMDORF,FOR AT LEAST 110PCT OF CIF VALUE,MARKED PREMIUM PAID SHOWING CLAIMS IF ANY PAYABLE IN GERMANY,SHOWING SETTLING AGENT IN GERMANY.3、MARINE INSURANCE POLICY OF CERTIFICATE IN DUPLI
21、CATE,INDORSED IN BLANK,FOR FULL INVOICE VALUE PLUS 10 PENCENT STATING CLAIM PAYABLE IN THAILAND COVERING FPA AS PER OCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSE OF THE PEOPLES INSURANCE COMPANYE OF CHINA DATED 1/1 1981,INCLUDING T.P.N.T.LOSS AND/OR DAMAGE CAUSED BY HEAT,SHIPS SWEAT AND ODOUR,HOOP-RUST,BREAKAGE OF PACK
22、ING.4、INSURANCE POLICY OF CERTIFICATE IN DUPLICATE ENDORSED IN BLANK OF 110%OF INVOICE VALUE COVERING ALL RISKS AND WAR RISKS AS PER CIC WITH CLAIMS PAYABLE AT SINGAPORE IN THE CURRENCY OF DRAFT(IRRESPECTIVE OF PERCENTAGE),INCLUDING 60 DAYS AFTER DISCHARGES OF THE GOODS AT PORT OF DESTINATION(OR AT
23、STATION OF DESTINATION)SUBJECT TO CIC.5、INSURACE POLICIES OF CERTIFICATE IN TWO FOLD ISSUED TO THE APPLICANT,COVERING RISKS AS PER INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES(A),AND INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSES(CARGO)INCLUDING WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE CLAUSE UP TO FINAL DESTINATION AT SCHORNDORF FOR AT LEAST 110%OF CIF VALUE,MARKED PREMIUM PAID SHOWING CLAIMS IF ANY PAYABLE IN GERMANY,NAMING SETTLING AGENT IN GERMANY.