1、Auxiliary verb助动词 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary verb）,被协助的动词称作主要动词（被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main verb）。）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。如：助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。如：Joe doesnt like English.（doesnt是助动词，无词义；是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义是主要动词，有词义)什么是助动词？什么是助动词？Aspirin was invented in 1897.Joe do know a lot about the Inter
2、net.Joe didnt find any useful information on the Internet.Auxiliary verbs (助动词助动词)a.表示时态。表示时态。如：如：He is singing.他在唱歌。他在唱歌。He has got married.他已结婚。他已结婚。b.表示语态。表示语态。如：如：He was sent to England.他被派往英国。他被派往英国。助动词的主要作用助动词的主要作用c.构成疑问句。构成疑问句。如：如：Do you like college life?Did you study English before you came
3、 here?d.与否定副词与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。合用，构成否定句。如：如：I dont like Joe.e.加强语气。加强语气。如：如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening.Joe did know that.常用的助动词有：常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would。助动词助动词be的用法：的用法：1.be+现在分词，构成进行时态。现在分词，构成进行时态。如：如：We are having a lesson.English is becoming more and more important.2.
4、be+过去分词，构成被动语态。过去分词，构成被动语态。如：如：The window was broken by Joe.English is taught throughout the world.3.be+动词不定式动词不定式，可表示：，可表示：a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排。表示最近、未来的计划或安排。如：如：Joe is to go to New York next week.We are to teach the students.这用法也可说成是一种这用法也可说成是一种将来时态表达法。将来时态表达法。b.表示命令。表示命令。如：如：You are to explain this.对此
5、你要做出解释。对此你要做出解释。c.征求意见。征求意见。如：如：How am I to answer him?d.表示相约、商定。表示相约、商定。如：如：We are to meet at the school gate at six tomorrow morning.助动词助动词have的用法的用法:1.have+过去分词，构成完成时态。过去分词，构成完成时态。如：如：Joe has left for London.By the end of last month,we had done half of their work.2.have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时。现在分词，构成完
6、成进行时。如：如：I have been studying English for ten years.3.have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。如：如：English has been taught in China for many years.助动词助动词do 的用法的用法:1.构成一般疑问句。构成一般疑问句。如：如：Do you want to pass the test?2.do+not 构成否定句。构成否定句。如：如：Joe doesnt like to study.In the past,many students did not kno
7、w Joe.3.构成否定祈使句。构成否定祈使句。如：如：Dont be so quiet.注意：注意：构成否定祈使句只用构成否定祈使句只用do，不用，不用did和和does。4.放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。如：如：Do come to my birthday party.I did go to school this morning.5.用于倒装句，用于倒装句，例如：例如：Never did I hear of such a thing.Only when we begin our school life do we realize the import
8、ance of English.说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。等。6.用作代动词，用作代动词，例如：例如：Do you like Nanjing?Yes,I do.（do用作代动词，代替用作代动词，代替like Nanjing）Joe knows how to drive a car,doesnt he?助动词助动词shall和和will的用法的用法:shall和和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，将来时，例如：例如：I shall
9、study harder at English.Joe will go to Shanghai.助动词助动词should,would的用法的用法:1.should无词义，是无词义，是shall的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。时，只用于第一人称。如：如：I telephoned Joe yesterday to ask what I should do next week.比较：比较：“What shall I do next week?”I asked.（shall变成间接引语时，变成了变成间接引语时，变成了should。）。）2.would
10、也无词义，是也无词义，是will的过去式，与动词原形构成过去的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。将来时，用于第二、第三人称。如：如：He said he would come.比较：比较：“I will go,”he said.变成间接引语就成了：变成间接引语就成了：He said he would come.原来的原来的will变成变成would，go变成了变成了come。短语助动词短语助动词 由一个助动词和另一个或两个词组组成。由一个助动词和另一个或两个词组组成。如：如：have(got)to,had better,would sooner/rather(than),b
11、e to,be likely to,be supposed to,ought to,used to,be about to,be able to,etc.have(got)to 表示表示“得做某事得做某事”，或提出建议，其否，或提出建议，其否定形式定形式not have to意为意为“不必不必”。would rather/sooner(than)的意思是的意思是“宁愿宁愿”。be to表示未来的打算和安排，或用于正式指示和命令。表示未来的打算和安排，或用于正式指示和命令。be likely的意思是某事有可能发生或可能是真的。的意思是某事有可能发生或可能是真的。be supposed to用来表
12、示用来表示“被期望被期望”或或“应该应该”。其。其否定形式否定形式be not supposed to用来表示用来表示“不允许不允许”。used to表示表示“过去一直过去一直”或或“过去经常过去经常”。以上内容掌握了吗？以上内容掌握了吗？bedohave英语助动词英语助动词情态动词情态动词1.He like English.2.He singing.3.He married.4.He sent to England.5.you like college life?6.you study English last year?e to the party tomorrow evening.8.H
13、e know that.doesntAuxiliary verbsishas gotwasDo Did Do did bebe（am/is/are/was/were/beenam/is/are/was/were/been）dodo（does/diddoes/did）havehave（has/had has/had）modalsmodals（shall/should/will/would/can/shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare could/may/might/must/need/dare）A phrasal a
14、uxiliary verbA phrasal auxiliary verb（have(got)to,had have(got)to,had better/would sooner/rather(than)/cannot(help)better/would sooner/rather(than)/cannot(help)but/be(not)to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about but/be(not)to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be able toto/be able to）Aux
15、iliary verbsAuxiliary verbs The small animals are kept in the cages.He is giving a lecture.The Internet has too much information that has not been evaluated for accuracy.Your house is bigger and nicer than mine.I am to go abroad on business tomorrow.1.be（am/is/are/was/were/been）Auxiliary verbsTip:1)
16、be作为本动词表示状态或客观存在等意思。作为本动词表示状态或客观存在等意思。2)be+不定词连用不定词连用,表示约定、义务、命令等未来的表示约定、义务、命令等未来的动作或状态。动作或状态。3)be+现在分词构成各种进行时态。现在分词构成各种进行时态。4)be+过去分词构成被动语态。过去分词构成被动语态。5)be用于用于have/has/had后构成完成时。后构成完成时。1.be（am/is/are/was/were/been）Auxiliary verbs He didnt find any useful information on the Internet.These kinds of e
17、rrors do not occur as often when people use traditional reference materials.Then,why does he come here?You do know a lot about computers.Never did I see such a strange man.2.do（does/did）Auxiliary verbsTip:1)1)dodo作为助动词时的时态、人称和数的变化有作为助动词时的时态、人称和数的变化有do,do,does,diddoes,did三种形式。三种形式。2)2)do+do+主词主词+原形动词
18、构成疑问句。原形动词构成疑问句。3)3)do+not+do+not+原形动词构成否定句。原形动词构成否定句。4)4)do(+not)+do(+not)+主词用于附带问句。主词用于附带问句。5)5)do+do+原形动词用于加强语气句。原形动词用于加强语气句。6)6)Never(Only)Never(Only)等等+do+do+主词主词+原形动词用于倒装句。原形动词用于倒装句。2.do（does/did）Auxiliary verbs I I havehave never seen such a strange man.never seen such a strange man.Can I Can
19、 I havehave my hair cut now?my hair cut now?I often I often havehave my assistant help me do it.my assistant help me do it.3.have（has/had）Tip:1)助动词助动词have+过去分词构成完成时态。过去分词构成完成时态。2)have+受词受词+过去分词表示请或让别人做某事。过去分词表示请或让别人做某事。3)have+受词受词+原形不定词表示请或让某人做某事。原形不定词表示请或让某人做某事。4.4.modals modals（shall/should/will/w
20、ould/can/shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/darecould/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary verbs Ok,I shall do what you said.I shall never do such a thing.You shall give me a cigarette,or I shall tell the boss.Where shall I meet you?You should work harder.You must put on more clothe
21、s in case you should catch a cold.Auxiliary verbs Will you give me a book?This will be what you need.She would stand there sleeping for hours.Ok,I will do it.4.modals4.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/darecould/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliar
22、y verbs Can I help you,sir?I am checking out.Could you give me the bill?Of course we can wait.Could it be the charge for the fruit?I cant help thinking of it.4.modals4.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/darecould/may/might/must/need/dare）MustMust
23、 I go with you?No,you I go with you?No,you needntneednt.You You mustntmustnt forget your medical card.forget your medical card.Oh,it is wet outside.It Oh,it is wet outside.It mustmust havehave rainedrained yesterday.yesterday.So it So it mustmust bebe slippery outside.Do be careful!slippery outside.
24、Do be careful!You You needntneednt havehave toldtold me that much.me that much.Auxiliary verbs4.modals4.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/darecould/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary verbs I dare not say it is ugly.How dare you say so?4.modals4.
25、modals（shall/should/will/would/can/shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/darecould/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary verbsTip:1)shall表示发言者的意志表示发言者的意志,包括诺言、决心、强制等包括诺言、决心、强制等;shall用于询问对方的意向。用于询问对方的意向。2)should表示义务，责任等。表示义务，责任等。3)will用于第二人称疑问句中用于第二人称疑问句中,询问对方意志或请求。询问对方意志或请求。will+原形动词用于所
26、有人称原形动词用于所有人称,表意愿。表意愿。would+原原形动词表示过去一段时间的习惯。形动词表示过去一段时间的习惯。4.modals4.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/darecould/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary verbsTip:4）can,could在口语中相当于在口语中相当于may,might,表表示许可。示许可。can,could 表示能力表示能力,相当于相当于be able to。can,co
27、uld表示怀疑、推测表示怀疑、推测,一般一般用于疑问句或否定句。用于疑问句或否定句。can,could用于惯用用于惯用语。语。cant help或或couldnt help+动名词表动名词表示不得不、忍不住。示不得不、忍不住。4.modals4.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/darecould/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary verbsTip:5)must表示必须、义务等表示必须、义务等,强调主观因素强调主观因
28、素,have to,强强调客观因素。调客观因素。need可以对可以对must引导的一般疑问引导的一般疑问句作否定回答。句作否定回答。must的否定式表示不准的否定式表示不准,禁止等禁止等意思。意思。must+have+过去分词表示对过去情况的推过去分词表示对过去情况的推断。断。must+原形动词表示对现在情况的推断。原形动词表示对现在情况的推断。neednt+have+过去分词表示过去不必做却已经过去分词表示过去不必做却已经做了的事。做了的事。4.modals4.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/shall/should/will/would/can/cou
29、ld/may/might/must/need/darecould/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary verbsTip:6)dare作为情态助动词，一般只能用于疑问句或否定句中。5.A phrasal auxiliary verb5.A phrasal auxiliary verb（have(got)to,have(got)to,had better/would sooner/rather(had better/would sooner/rather(than)/cannot(help)but/be(not)to/be than)/cannot(help)bu
30、t/be(not)to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be able toable to）Auxiliary verbs5.A phrasal auxiliary verb5.A phrasal auxiliary verb Auxiliary verbs Its getting late.Ive(got)to go now.You dont have to take off your shoes.Many countries would rathe
31、r be cautious with this new technology.The tickets had been sold out,so I could not(help)but go back home.The children are supposed to be at school before 8 a.m.5.A phrasal auxiliary verb5.A phrasal auxiliary verb Auxiliary verbs I used to love cats but not now,because I was once attacked by a big b
32、lack cat.He didnt use to smoke when he was younger.Did he use to come as often as he does now?1.Jacks ill,so they _ change their plans.A.must B.should C.have got to D.ought to2.If it is fine tomorrow,we _ a football match.A.have B.will have C.has D.shall has 3.In the past 30 years China _ great adva
33、nces in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.A.has made B.have made C.had made D.having made4.I _ go to bed until I _ finished my work.A.dont/had B.didnt/have C.didnt/had D.dont/have 5.No sooner _ he arrived home than he _ to start on another journey.A.has/was asked B.have/were asked
34、C.had/is asked D.had/was asked6.“_ you give me a room for the night?”I asked on arriving at the hotel.A.Should B.Can C.Might D.May 7.He was a good runner so he _ escape from the police.A.might B.succeeded to C.would D.was able to8.If they _,our plan will fall flat.A.are co-operating B.had not co-operated C.wont co-operate D.didnt co-operate 9.No one _ that to his face.A.dares say B.dares saying C.dare say D.dare to say 10.The elephants ought _ hours ago by the keepers.A.to be fed B.to feed C.to being fed D.to have been fed
