1、Useful structure (30m)The use of doing (动名词动名词)主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been having been donedone（一）动名词的时态：（一）动名词的时态：动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作作同时发生同时发生,或在谓语动词所发生的动作或在谓语动词所发生的动作之后发生之后发生.We were interested in playing c
2、hess.同时She is looking forward to seeing you again.之后动名词的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。之前发生。Im sorry for not having kept my promise.(二二).动名词的语态动名词的语态如果动名词的逻辑主语是动名词的承受着如果动名词的逻辑主语是动名词的承受着,这时这时用动名词的被动式用动名词的被动式.He was afraid of being left at home.The house showed no sign of having been damaged.注意：主动表示被动1.want
3、/require/need/deserve(应得应得)doing=want/require/need/deserve to be done2.be worth doing 动名词可作动名词可作主语主语,表语表语,宾语宾语,定语定语.1.做主语做主语动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。Talking is easier than doing.Collecting stamps is his hobby.(谓语用单数）谓语用单数）注意：动名词和不定时都可做主语注意：动名词和不定时都可做主语,动名词表动名词表示示泛指的泛指的一般的或抽象的多次性行为一般的或抽象的多次性行为
4、;不定式不定式表示具体的或一次性动作表示具体的或一次性动作.To refuse him this time is not easy.Playing with fire is dangerous.用形式主语用形式主语it，把真正的主语，把真正的主语动名词结动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，等。，等。如：如：Its no use/no good/no need doing sth.Its fun doing s
5、th.Its a waste of time/money doing sth.Its useless/useful doing sth.There is no sense/point doing sth.There is no need to do sth 玩电脑游戏浪费时间玩电脑游戏浪费时间1)_ computer games.2)试图和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。试图和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。_ with ShylockIt is useless trying to argue跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。3)It is fun _Its a waste of t
6、ime of playingworking with you2.作表语动名词作表语表示主语的内容常动名词作表语表示主语的内容常可与主语互换可与主语互换。My job is teaching.-Teaching is my job.Her favourite sport is playing football.-Playing football is her favourite sport.现在分词也可以做表语现在分词也可以做表语,多是形容词化的分词多是形容词化的分词.The book is interesting.3.作宾语作宾语 动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名动名词作宾语有
7、两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。式作宾语。只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。等。如：如：I cant avoid going Have you considered going to the zoo?这类动词还有：这类动词还
8、有：excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk等。等。为了便于记忆，特归纳如下：为了便于记忆，特归纳如下：后跟后跟-ing的动词的顺口溜：的动词的顺口溜：避免，错过，（少）延期避免，错过，（少）延期建议，完成，（多）练习建议，完成，（多）练习喜欢，想象，禁不住喜欢，想象，禁不住承认，否定，（又）妒忌承认，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒险，（多）原谅逃避，冒险，（多）原谅忍受，保持，（不）介意忍受，保持，（不）介意avoid,miss,postpone/put offsuggest,finish,practiceenjoy,imagine,cant helpadmit,deny
9、,envyescape,risk,excusestand,keep,mind既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，mean，forget，remember，hate等。等。A在在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用等动词之后，用-ing或不或不定式意义上没有什么不同定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同只是侧重点有些不同,动名词动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。B在在begin/
10、start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。C在动词在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：1)I remember posting the letter我记得我已把信寄了。我记得我已把信寄了。2)Ill remember to post the letter我会记着去寄信的。我会记着去寄信的。3)I s
11、hall never forget seeing the famous writer_4)Dont forget to write to your mother_ 5)5)我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。_6)6)我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。_我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。不要忘了给你母亲写信。不要忘了给你母亲写信。I regret missing the reportI regret to say I cant take your adviceD在在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如之后，意
12、义各不相同，如try to do(设设法法)，try doing(试试试试)，mean to do(打算，有意要做打算，有意要做)，mean doing(意思是，意味着意思是，意味着)。如：如：1)我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。We must try to get everything done in time2)我们用别的方法做这工作试试。我们用别的方法做这工作试试。Lets try doing the working in some other way3)I didnt mean to make you angry_4)Your plan would mean s
13、pending hours_我并不想叫你生气。我并不想叫你生气。你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。E go on doing 和和go on to dogo on doing继续做一直在做的事；继续做一直在做的事；go on to do接着做另一接着做另一件事。如：件事。如：1)请接着做这同一个练习。请接着做这同一个练习。_ the same exercise2)请做另外一个练习。请做另外一个练习。_ the other exerciseFstop doing与与stop to do:Stop doing停止做，停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。
14、如停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：我们停止了交谈。我们停止了交谈。_ 我们停了下来去谈话。我们停了下来去谈话。_Please go on doingPlease go on to doWe stopped talkingWe stopped to talk A.作介词宾语作介词宾语.动名词可与介词一起构成介词短动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。语。A介词介词+动名词，如：动名词，如：1)我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits.2)我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。我向你道歉，
15、刚才对你那样生气。I apologize for being so angry with you.B动词动词+介词介词+动名词，如：动名词，如：1)我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition2)同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。_，each of them made a face她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。She was very _ for our companyInstead of smilinginte
16、rested in working下列短语中的下列短语中的to都是介词，所以都是介词，所以后面跟名词或后面跟名词或-ing形式形式:习惯于习惯于旧方式的人旧方式的人坚持反对坚持反对新事物新事物,这这样样导致导致许多许多献身于献身于科学的人科学的人被宣判被宣判为为大逆不道大逆不道.不喜欢这种事实的人不喜欢这种事实的人谈到谈到此此事时事时,总总期待期待着着注意注意自己的努力使它自己的努力使它开开始认真对待始认真对待.习惯于习惯于 be/get used be/get used toto坚持坚持 stick tostick to反对反对 object toobject to导致导致 lead tol
17、ead to献身于献身于 devote todevote to被宣判被宣判 be be sentenced tosentenced to谈到谈到 when it when it comes es to.期待期待 look forward look forward toto开始开始 get down to get down to注意注意 pay attention pay attention toto而现在分词作定语表示所修饰词动作或状态而现在分词作定语表示所修饰词动作或状态a sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping四四.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构是指动名词可
18、以有逻辑主语，通常是是指动名词可以有逻辑主语，通常是形容词性物主形容词性物主代词代词(his,my,their)，或名词所有格，或名词所有格(Marys,Jims)，即形容词性物主代词即形容词性物主代词或或名词所有格名词所有格+doing Marys coming made us happy.Her coming made us happy.He insisted on Marys living in the room.1).当动名词复合结构用作主语时，其逻辑主语当动名词复合结构用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。1)我姐姐病了，使我很
19、担心。我姐姐病了，使我很担心。My sisters being ill made we worried.2)你正确未必就意味着我错了。你正确未必就意味着我错了。Your being right doesnt necessarily mean _.my being wrong提示提示:2)如动名词复合结构不在句首如动名词复合结构不在句首,可用可用代词的代词的宾格或名词的普通格宾格或名词的普通格+doing构成构成We are glad at Tom/Toms coming.Would mind me/my opening the door?3).动名词复合结构如为无生命的东西，或不动名词复合结构
20、如为无生命的东西，或不定代词加动名词则定代词加动名词则不能加不能加 s 或或s。The noises of desks being opened and closed could be heard in the street.Exercises 1)Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A)having been fined B)to have been fined C)to be fined D)being fine2)My wife said in her letter that she
21、 would appreciate _ from you sometime.A)to have heard B)to hearC)for hearing D)hearingDD3)The thief took away the womans wallet without_A)being seen B)seeingB)C)him seeing D)seeing him4)Ive enjoyed _ to talk with you.A)to be able B)being ableC)to been able D)of being able5)No one can avoid _ by adve
22、rtisements.A)to be influenced B)being influencedC)influencing D)havinginfluenceABB6)They are considering _ before the prices go up.A)of buying the house B)with buying the houseC)buying the house D)to buy the house7)If I had remembered _ the door,the things would not have been stolen.A)to lock B)lock
23、ing C)to have locked D)shavingslockedCA8)Your shirt needs _.Youd better have it done today.A)iron B)to ironC)ironing D)being ironed9)You cant help _ commercials;every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or another.A)to hear B)to be heardC)hearing D)with hearing CC10)
24、My transistor radio isnt working.It _.A)need repairing B)needs to repairC)needs repairing D)need to be repaired11)It is no use _ me not to worry.A)you tell B)your tellingC)for you to have told D)having toldCB12)He is very busy _ his papers.He is far too busy _ callers.A)to write.to receive B)writing
25、.to receiveC)writing.receiving D)to write.for receivingB13)Please stop _,boys,I have something important to _ you.A)saying.talk B)telling.sayC)talking.speak D)talking.tellD14)I remember _ to help us if we ever gots into trouble.A)once offering B)him once offering C)him to offer D)to offer him15)John
26、 regretted _ to the meeting last week.A)not going B)not to go C)notshavingsbeen going D)not to be goingBA16)It is difficult to get used _ in a tent after having a soft,comfortable bed to lie on.A)sleep B)to sleepingC)slept D)to sleep17)Do you feel like _ out or would you rather _ dinner at home?A)go
27、ing.to have B)to go.to haveC)to go.having D)going.haveBD18)We cant imagine _ in the entrance examination,for she has never been to school.A)she succeeding B)her succeedingC)she succeed D)her to succeed19)I dont like _ at me.A)them laughing B)their laughC)them laugh D)them to have laughedBA20)We sugg
28、ested _ in hotels but the children were anxious _ out.A)sleeping.to camp B)sleeping.campingC)to sleep.to campD)to sleep.camping21)I have no objection _ the evening with them.A)to spend B)to spending C)of spending D)spendingAB22)Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was b
29、usy _ for her examination.A)to prepare B)to be preparedC)preparing D)being prepared23)It is no good _ remember grammatical rules.You need to practise what you have learned.A)trying to B)to try toC)try to D)tried toCA24)“Why were you so late for work today?”“_ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.”A)Driving B)I droveC)To drive D)That I drove25)It was impolite of him _without _good-bye.A)to leave,saying B)leaving,to sayC)to leave,to say D)leaving,sayingAA
