1、 设空规律解题技巧一、一、完形填空的特点是什么？完形填空的特点是什么？完形填空是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在220-280左右。文中平均每隔16-20个词左右设空。学生通过推理判断，综合分析等将答案填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。选材多为记叙文。二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？（一）从文章结构看1.首句通常不设空，以便考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意。2.短文设空平均密度为16-20个单词一个空。中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。它的一
2、个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？（二）从语言层次看考点设计对把握语段的要求在提高。我们可以把考点分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次1.句子层次的设空例：(某年中考英语试卷 完形填空四选一 保留原题号)I 90 you were very busy then helping your friend get ready for her wedding I am sure it was a success.A.remember B.explainC.hope D.ex
3、pect答案：A指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目。二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？2.句群层次的设空前制性设空后制性设空指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案 的题目/下文某处有提示。二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？前制性设空例：It was an English speech contest.My mother asked me to take part in it.What a terrible idea!It meant I had to _ in front of all the teache
4、rs and students of my school!A.write B.speak C.sing D.dance 后制性设空例：1).Nobody _ him in the village.One day he said to them,“I know you dont like me”A.believed B.liked C.hated D.knew 2).Country music comes from _ kinds of music.One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United
5、 States.The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West.A.many B.all C.two D.threeBBC二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？3.语篇性设空 I work as a volunteer for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti.Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week,hoping to 1 him achieved all Id expected.Soon he will celebr
6、ate his 18th birthday.He will be a man.(最后一句话)()1.A.comfort B.please C.attract D.educateD指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。三、真题演练(中考试卷 完形填空)Sometimes you may not understand your parents.One minute theyre friendly,the next minute theyre shouting and screaming loudlyenough for the whole street to hear.So who
7、 makes them so 85?You,probably!When you take your clothes off,remember to 86.Get into the habit of taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen.Before long youll be doing it without thinking.Even though you may not realize it,your parents have bought you many clothes.But theyre not buying themselve
8、s new things every week,are they?The simple truth is that there are more 87 things to spend money on,like the electricity bill and food.You may hate missing a party to visit some boring old relatives.They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were.You have no choice but to listen.Even if you
9、88,your parents wont change their minds.Parents like to show off their family.The best thing you can do is to help entertain your relatives.Your parents will be so pleased with you afterwards that theyll probably allow you to go to the next two 89.三、真题演练 You might not want to eat,but think of it fro
10、m the parents point of view.If you cook two meals a day,it means 730 meals a year.Can you imagine how boring this can get?Imagine how your parents feel when you say youre not really hungry.90,your parents are probably worried that you arent eating enough.Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meal
11、s.Finally,offer to 91 after the meal.Your offer may not be accepted,but your parents will be pleased.()85.A.friendly B.lonely C.changeable D.comfortable()86.A.hang them up B.leave them alone C.put them on D.throw them away()87.A.interesting B.difficult C.important D.surprising()88.A.agree B.complain
12、 C.listen D.win()89.A.concerts B.meetings C.classes D.parties()90.A.In addition B.In return C.At most D.At last()91.A.do the cooking B.lay the table C.buy some snacks D.wash the dishesCACBDAD三、真题演练 解析：85.（前制性设空）文章第一段提出，父母的态度往往会令你感到诧异，他们有时是那么友好，忽然间又会生气地大声嚷嚷，由此可以看出，他们的态度是那么地易变changeable。所以，本题答案为C。86.（
13、句子层次的设空）青少年应该培养良好的生活习惯。例如，在家脱衣后应该及时挂上。B项leave them alone 表示“让它们独自留下”；C项put them up 表示“把他们穿上”；D项throw them away表示“把它们扔掉”，以上答案显然均不符合文章意思，而A项hang them up 正是“把衣服挂上”的意思，所以答案为A。87.（后制性设空）家长会给孩子买许多衣服，但他们不会经常为自己购物，那是因为他们要考虑维持家庭生计，他们往往把钱花在更重要的事情上，所以答案为C。88.（前制性设空）你有时会去拜访那些无聊又年长的亲戚，他们会一遍又一遍地唠叨你小时候的乖巧可爱，而你只能洗耳
14、恭听（They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were.You have no choice but to listen.）显然，你会对此而抱怨，但家长们仍不以为然（your parents wont change their minds.），所以本题答案为B。三、真题演练 解析：89.（前制性设空）如果能帮助招待好你的亲戚，你的家长会感到十分满意，也会允许你出席以后的更多的这种聚会。选项A、B、C与聚会无关，应予淘汰。所以，本题答案为D。90.（语篇性设空）每日吃饭时，应该想到家长的艰辛。当你说你并不饿时，家长不但会有内心的不快，另
15、外会担心你吃得过少而影响身体（Imagine how your parents feel when you say youre not really hungry.,your parents are probably worried that you arent eating enough.）。根据文章内容，空格处应填入“除此之外”的意思，所以本题答案为A。91.（前制性设空）文章结尾告诫我们要少吃零食，要留出吃饭的空间（Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals.）。饭后也要提出帮助父母做些事情，尽管有时不会得到他们的许可。从四个选项中，我们
16、可以看到D项符合饭后可做的事，A项do the cooking 表示“煮饭”，B项lay the table表示“摆餐具、饭桌”均发生在饭前，C项buy some snacks与上文“少吃零食”的论述矛盾，所以答案为D。四、解题技巧点拨（一）_。（二）_。（三）_。细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意理解词义，瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案，坚定信心 题 型 改 变 阅 读 理 解主 旨 大 意 型事实细节型 词 义 猜 测 型命 题 类推 理 判 断 型有关阅读理解命题规律:一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1.干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2.干扰项 可能属从
17、文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3.干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案)是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。1)What does the writer mainly tell us?2)Which of the following can summar-ize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats
18、the best title for this passage?主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-主旨大意题Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market,Ford,General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before.The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast Amer
19、ican autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted.Ford operates as far as Asia,and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer.Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）society.Question:Whic
20、h of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA.GM is one of the largest car producers.B.Ford operates not only in the U.S.A.,but also in Asia.C.The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D.The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for
21、American autoworkers.【解析】答案为C。take sth.away of sb.和 cast sb.sth.的意思相似。本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why 等。事实细节型 解题原则：
22、忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author(or the passage)states that_.4）According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-事实细节型 Q1)_ ca
23、lories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90.A.55 B.175 C.325 D.275 Q2)Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A.A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does.B.A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories th
24、at a boy aged 8 does.C.An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does.D.A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.Passage2 The human body is a living machine,and like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it with
25、 energy.That is the food we eat.But how much do we need to stay healthy?The energy value of food is usually measured in calories.A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.The number of calories people need per day is different,as the chart shows CALORIES
26、NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000【解析】答案为 D。根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)51=275【解析】答案为 C。根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出 C 符合图表内容。同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。反义法 如 hot and cold,give and receive等
27、，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词义猜测型 情景推断法、代词替代法等1）文中找线索或信息词;2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。做题要领阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-词义猜测型Q:Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“illiterate”A.repeat B.reiterated C.uneducated D.s
28、ick Passage3:Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.Their reputation for economic independence,self-reliance,and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的).解
29、 释 这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中 的大多数妇女，受过教育的 （educated）和没有受过教育的（illiterate）；住在城市的（urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选 C 项。本题答案选C 推理判断题：中考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推理判断型 透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。推理判断题（做题要领）既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测
30、文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断型常见的命题方式有：1.The passage implies(暗示)that_.2.We can conclude(得出结论)from the passage that_.3.Which of the following can be inferred(推论)?4.What is the tone(语气)of the author?5.What is the purpose(目的)of this passage?6.The passage is intende
31、d to _.7.Where would this passage most probably appear?阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-推理判断型 Passage4 The concept(n.观念)of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual(n.个人)made sound(adj.健康的)personal health choices ba
32、sed upon present(adj.现在的)medical knowledge.We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal(adj.法律的)and moral boundaries(n.界限)of society.The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our healt
33、h.If we do desire,we can smoke,drink much,refuse to wear seat belts,eat whatever food we want,and live a completely sedentary(adj.久坐的，劳心的)lifestyle without any exercise.Q:The concept of personal choice about health is important because_.A.personal health choices help cure most illnesses.B.it helps r
34、aise the level of our medical knowledge.C.it is basic to personal freedom in American society.D.wrong decisions could lead to poor health.解析：据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选 D。选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades
35、for ordinary achievement(n.成绩)ends up with uninspired students.Eisenberger holds(vi.认为).As an exa-mple of the latter(adj.近来的)point(n.观点),he notes(vi.特别指出)growing efforts at major universities to tighten(v.使变得更紧)grading standards(及格标准)and restore(vt.恢复使用)failing grades(不及格分数或标准).Q:It can be inferred
36、from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_.A.rewarding poor performance(n.成绩 )may kill the creativity of students.B.punishment is more effective than rewarding.C.failing(v.给不及格 )uninspired students helps improve their overall(adj.全面的
37、)academic(adj.学校的)standards.D.Discouraging(vt.使失去信心)the students anticipation(n.预期之事物)for easy rewards is a matter of urgency(n.紧急).解析:问题是文中 Eisenberger 举的一个例子,通过例证题目的考点分析,我们知道一般例子前后总结性的话(论点)是解决问题的关键,这样我们就可以判断出该例要说明的问题(答案:A)The topic sentence:A teacher ends up with uninspired(without creativity)stud
38、ents.译:假设老师总让学生关注奖励,或对表现一般的学生也给高分,那么学生们最终都会不求进取,没有灵感及想象力。研究近几年中考阅读理解试题，我们不难发现命题者越来越注重考查学生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判断能力，因此有关阅读理解题目更为重要的是:主旨大意型推理判断型summaryThank you!英语应试要点英语应试要点友情提醒：友情提醒：1.我难人难我不畏难，我易人我难人难我不畏难，我易人易我不大意！易我不大意！(心理战术心理战术)2.答案先写在试卷上，确准后答案先写在试卷上，确准后再填涂到答题卡上再填涂到答题卡上,答题卡填答题卡填好后也要认真复查。（书面表好后也要认真复查。（书面表
39、达要先打草稿）达要先打草稿）(方法战术方法战术)1.冠词冠词2.连词连词3.介词介词4.名词名词5.代词代词6.形容词和副词形容词和副词7.动词短语动词短语8.同义词辨析同义词辨析9.疑问词疑问词10.数词数词11.感叹句感叹句考点扫瞄考点扫瞄12.连系动词连系动词13.情态动词情态动词14.非谓语动词非谓语动词15.反意疑问句反意疑问句16.选择疑问句选择疑问句17.宾语从句宾语从句18.被动语态被动语态19.特殊句型和固定结构特殊句型和固定结构20.延续性与短暂性延续性与短暂性21.交际用语交际用语考点扫瞄考点扫瞄一、单项选择一、单项选择语言知识语言知识:1.冠词冠词(a,an,the,/
40、)2.连词连词:a)and,but,or,so b)though/although,unless=if-not-c)until,when,before,after,while,as,as soon as,since d)because of,because,as,since,so e)so-that-,so that,too-to-f)that,if/whether,what,how,when 3.介词介词:a)时间前的介词时间前的介词:in,on,at,until,during,after,before,since,for b)方位介词方位介词:through,past,over,acros
41、s,along,around,below,above,under,between-and-,among,from-to-c)except,besides,including,instead of,like,with,without 4.名词名词:a)不可数名词不可数名词:advice,news,information,weather,work,fun b)集体名词集体名词:the police,the family,peoplec)单复同形单复同形:sheep,fishd)名词所有格名词所有格:s/se)复合名词复合名词:women/men teachersf)名词复数名词复数:-ves,-o
42、es,-ies feet,women,teeth,children Germans,Walkmans5.代词代词:a)人称代词、物主代词、反身代词人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 b)不定代词不定代词:all,none,any,every,anotherboth,neither,either,each,the othersomething,anything,nothing,everythingsomebody,anybody,nobody,everybodysomeone,anyone,no one,everyone区别：区别：1）none,no one,nothing 2）everyone,ev
43、ery one of 3）none,not all/all not/not every 4)it,one,ones,that 5)so,such,neither,nor 6.形容词、副词及其比较等级形容词、副词及其比较等级构成：双写：构成：双写：wetter,fatter,sadder,bigger,thinner,slimmest,hotter 不规则：不规则：bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least far-farther-farthest -further-furthest older/elder 多音节：多音节：expensive-more
44、-most -less-least healthier,more healthily 形容词、副词形容词、副词形容词修饰人或物：形容词修饰人或物：sunny,cloudy,windy,rainy friendly,daily,weekly -ful,-less；un-/im-/dis-/in-/ir-ed/-ing:excited/exciting pleased/pleasant/pleasure(n.)副词修饰动词、形容词等：副词修饰动词、形容词等：badly,sadly,angrily,easily,politely -ple/-ble/-tle:terribly,simply,gent
45、ly*true-truly形容词、副词比较等级形容词、副词比较等级a)同级比较：同级比较：as-as-not-as/so-as-A is like B./A and B are alike.the same as-/different from-A is the same size as B.b)比较级比较级:much,a little,even,far-than-/the taller of the two The more-,the better-c)最高级最高级of/among/in/序数词序数词+/one of+*区别：区别：than any-;than any other-7.动词短
46、语动词短语:put up/put away/put on/put off/put out look up/look over/look for/look after turn up/turn down/turn on/turn off have been to/have gone to/have been in give out 分发，散发分发，散发 /give away赠送，赠送，分发，泄露分发，泄露/give up 放弃放弃/give in 屈服屈服 take off 脱下，起飞脱下，起飞/take down 取下取下/take out取出取出/take away拿走，夺走，拆拿走，夺走，
47、拆去去/take in 吸进吸进8.同义词辨析同义词辨析:spend/cost/pay/take borrow/lend/keep/forget/leave;take/bring/get/carry wear/dress/put on/try on say/speak/tell/call/talk arrive in(at)/get to/reach the reason for /the cause of a number of/the number offew/little/a few/a little(only,just,still+肯肯)alone/lonelyasleep/sleep
48、ydie/dying/be dead/deathfloor/groundused to do sth/be used to doing sth/be used to do/for doing sthboth-and-/not only-but also-neither-nor-/either-or-9.同形不同义的词用法辨析同形不同义的词用法辨析:if:1）如果，主句将来，从句现在。）如果，主句将来，从句现在。2）是否，该用将来时就用。）是否，该用将来时就用。=whether when:I will call you when he comes today.I dont know when h
49、e will come today.He came in when I was writing a letter.room:房间房间,可数名词可数名词;空间空间,不可数名词不可数名词=space make room for sb.给给腾出地方腾出地方9.疑问词疑问词:a)what,how,who,which,when,whereb)how long,how soon,how often,how far区别区别:what/who;what/which;what/how who/whom/whoseWhat do you call that?How do you say that?what to
50、do with sth/how to deal with sthCan you tell me what life will be like?What do you think of sth?How do you like/find/feel about sth?10.数词数词:基数词基数词:forty,ninety 百位与十位之间加百位与十位之间加and,十位与个位之十位与个位之间加连字符号间加连字符号.three thousand two hundred and forty-five(3245)序数序数词词:first,second,third,fourth,ninth,twelfth,t
