1、栏目索引专题二 非谓语动词栏目索引命题规律趋势探究考纲解读考纲解读考点内容一、非谓语动词作状语分词、不定式作状语二、非谓语动词作定语分词、不定式、动名词作定语三、非谓语动词作补语、宾语、主语、表语及其他分词、不定式作补语、表语;动名词作宾语、主语、表语;不定式作宾语、主语命题规律趋势探究命题规律趋势探究栏目索引命题规律趋势探究命题规律命题规律1.北京近三年高考中非谓语动词的考点分布如下:2.高考北京卷中,主要考查非谓语动词的基本用法,设题方式多样。3.高考北京卷中注重结合语境考查非谓语动词的基本用法。年份考点 201720162015非谓语动词332栏目索引命题规律趋势探究考频分析考频分析非谓
2、语动词作状语现在分词过去分词不定式非谓语动词作定语现在分词过去分词不定式非谓语动词作补语、宾语、主语等现在分词过去分词不定式栏目索引命题规律趋势探究命题趋势命题趋势高考英语北京卷连续5年均对本专题有考查,设题数量稳定在23题,每题1分,重点考查非谓语动词不同形式的区分。通过表格中所列考查点可以看出,北京市高考近五年对非谓语动词在句中充当不同成分的考查普遍都有所涉及,其中,非谓语动词作状语(2013,2015,2016,2017)是出现频率最高的。而从非谓语动词的形式上来看,虽然动词的现在分词、过去分词和不定式都有所涉及,但总体上现在分词(2013,2014,2015,2016,2017)考查的
3、频率相对更高一些。即便如此,考生也不能单凭近五年出现频率较高的考查点去预测未来的考查方向。每一年的考点都在稳中求变,寻求突破,以2014年为例,两道非谓语动词的考题分别考查了非谓语动词作定语和作宾语。所以,无论是高频考点还是低频考点都需要我们兼顾,不排除今后考点会向非谓语动词作定语、宾语、补语、主语等延伸。栏目索引命题规律趋势探究突破方法突破方法1.熟悉和掌握简单句、并列复合句和主从复合句、及物动词和不及物动词、复杂复合句的基本知识。2.熟练掌握解题步骤:(1)分析句子结构,确定设空处在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);(2)找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还
4、是被动);(3)搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式;(4)将选项置于设空处,看能否做到文从字顺,或是否可传达有效信息、完成交际任务。栏目索引考点知识全面总结考点知识全面总结考点知识全面总结栏目索引考点知识全面总结考点一非谓语动词作状语考点一非谓语动词作状语一、不定式作状语一、不定式作状语1.动词不定式作状语,可以表示目的、结果或条件。如:All of them try to use the power of the workstation to present information in a more effective way.他们都尽力使用工作站的力量来更加有效地呈现信息
5、。注意:强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用“in order to(为了)或so as to(以便)+动词原形”代替。so as to 不用于句首。如:He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。栏目索引考点知识全面总结The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.公共汽车停下以便搭载乘客。He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆忙到了车站结果却发现火车已经开走了。(表示“
6、意外或事与愿违”的结果)My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.我的祖母看到了中国的解放。(表示结果)To look at him,you would like him.看看他,你会喜欢他的。(表示条件)栏目索引考点知识全面总结2.某些形容词作表语,表示喜、怒、哀、乐,后跟不定式表示原因。如:Im very glad to see you.见到你很高兴。Im so sorry to hear about your failure in business.听说你事业失败我很遗憾。3.在带有enough或too的句子里,也常用不定式作
7、状语。如:He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。She is too tired to do the job.她太累了,做不了这项工作了。栏目索引考点知识全面总结形式意义v.-ing(doing)与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系,与句中谓语动词动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生having+v.-ed(having done)与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系,先于谓语动词动作发生v.-ed(done)与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系being+v.-ed(being done)与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与谓语动词动作同时发生having been+v.-ed
8、(having been done)与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生二、分词作状语二、分词作状语1.分词作状语时其形式的选择栏目索引考点知识全面总结2.分词作状语的基本原则 分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用分词作状语。3.分词作状语的句法功能分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。有时可在分词(短语)前加while或when。如:Film has a much shorter history,especially when compared to
9、 such art forms as music and painting.(时间)电影的历史要短暂得多,尤其是与音乐、绘画等这样的艺术形式相比。He glanced at her,noting that though she was tiny,she seemed very well.(结果)他不经意地看了一下她,发现她虽然很纤弱,但看起来非常健康。Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.(让步)虽然被告诉过好多次了,但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。The teacher came into the lab,fo
10、llowed by some students.(伴随)老师进了实验室,后面跟着一些学生。栏目索引考点知识全面总结 单项填空:()The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,in the natural light during the day.A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let()by a greater demand for vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.A.Driven B.Being
11、 drivenC.To drive D.Having driven()Did the book give the information you needed?Yes.But it,I had to read the entire book.A.to find B.findC.to be finding D.findingBAA栏目索引考点知识全面总结()twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A.Being bitten B.BittenC.Having bitten D.To be
12、 bitten()the city centre,we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.A.Approaching B.ApproachedC.To approach D.To be approached()around the fire,the tourists danced with the local people.A.Gather B.To gatherC.Gathering D.To be gatheringBAC栏目索引考点知识全面总结考点二非谓语动词作定语考点二非谓语动词作定语一、不定式作定语一、不定式作定语1.作定
13、语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介词。如:The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way 时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如:He had no money and no place to live(in).他没钱,也没有安居之所。栏目索引考点知识全面总结2.用不定式作定语的几种情况:(1)不定式表将来。如:The car to be bought is for his sister.
14、要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。如:He was the best man to do the job.他是做这份工作的最佳人选。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。栏目索引考点知识全面总结(3)有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式作定语,常见的有promise,plan,attempt,offer,decision,refusal,failure,abili
15、ty,chance,warning,anxiety,eagerness,willingness,readiness等。如:I dont trust his promise to come for a visit.我不相信他来访的诺言。栏目索引考点知识全面总结二、分词作定语二、分词作定语1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式为:现在分词,being+过去分词和过去分词。当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为主动关系时,用现在分词;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being+过去分词;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。如:The houses being built
16、are for the teachers.正在建的那些房子是为老师们建的。(被动,正在进行)“Things lost never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.我不禁自言自语道:“覆水难收啊!”(被动,完成)栏目索引考点知识全面总结2.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别:现在分词表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成。如:boiling waterboiled water()沸腾的水烧开过的水 白开水falling leavesfallen leaves()正在下落的叶子已经落下的叶子 落叶栏目索引考点知识全面总结三、不定式三、不定式to b
17、e done形式、过去分词形式、过去分词done和现在分词和现在分词being done形式形式作定语的区别作定语的区别不定式to be done形式表被动、将来;过去分词done表被动、完成;现在分词being done形式表被动、正在进行。如:The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.人们期待着从全国范围内挑选出来的运动员们在今年的夏季比赛中给我们赢得荣誉。(被动,完成)Listen!The song being sung is very po
18、pular with the students.听!现在正唱着的这首歌在学生中非常流行。(表被动、正在进行)The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very important.将要在明天的会上讨论的问题非常重要。(表被动、将来)栏目索引考点知识全面总结 单项填空:()The Town Hall,in the 1800s,was the most distinguished building at that time.A.to be completed B.having been completedC.completed D.b
19、eing completed()If theres a lot of work ,Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.A.to do B.to be doingC.done D.doingCA栏目索引考点知识全面总结()The government plans to bring in new laws parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A.forced B.forcingC.to be forced D.having forced
20、()Now that we ve discussed our problem,are people happy with the decisions?A.taking B.take C.taken D.to take()Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one first is the library.A.repaired B.being repairedC.repairing D.to be repairedBCD栏目索引考点知识全面总结考点三非谓语动词作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等其他成分考点三非谓语动词作宾语、宾语补足语、主语
21、等其他成分一、宾语一、宾语1.下列动词一般用不定式作宾语decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help。此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。如:She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时,她假装没看见我。We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt tu
22、rned up yet.我们约好在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。栏目索引考点知识全面总结2.下列动词(词组)一般用动名词作宾语consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,设想);avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape。此外,be used to(习惯于),lead to,devo
23、te to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,cant stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,thank you for,apologize for,be busy,have difficulty(in),have a good/won-derful/hard time(in),spend time(in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。如:He got well prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk los
24、ing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备,因为他不能冒失去这个好机会的风险。栏目索引考点知识全面总结 单项填空:()I cant stand with Jane in the same office.She just refuses talking while she works.A.working;stopping B.to work;stoppingC.working;to stop D.to work;to stop()It is worth considering what makes“convenience”foods so popular,an
25、d better ones of your own.A.introduces B.to introduce C.introducing D.introduced()Bill suggested a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A.having held B.to hold C.holding D.holdCCC栏目索引考点知识全面总结3.下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。forgetrememberregret to do sth.doing sth.忘记
26、去做某事忘记已经做过某事to do sth.doing sth.记着要做某事记得曾经做过某事to do sth.doing sth.遗憾要去做某事后悔做过某事栏目索引考点知识全面总结trymean go on cant help to do sth.()doing sth.(go on withsth.)做完某事 接着做另一件事继续做同一件事(to)do sth.doing sth.不能帮助做某事情不自禁地做某事to do sth.doing sth.努力做某事尝试着做某事to do sth.doing sth.打算做某事意味着做某事栏目索引考点知识全面总结 单项填空:()Robert is
27、indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have regretted his advice!A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking()Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried alone,but she didnt like it and moved back home.A.living B.to live C.to be living D.having livedDA栏目索引考点知识全面总结4.在动词allow,advise,forbid
28、,permit,consider后直接跟动名词作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用动词不定式作宾语补足语。allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider如:Smoking is forbidden here so we dont allow you to smoke.这里禁止吸烟,所以我们不允许你吸。We dont allow smoking in the hall.我们不准有人在大厅内吸烟。sb.to do sth.doing sth.栏目索引考点知识全面总结 单项填空:()Can I smoke here?Sorry.We dont allow here.A.p
29、eople smoking B.people smokeC.to smoke D.smokingD栏目索引考点知识全面总结need/require/wantdeservebe worth be worthy to be done()doingsb.to do sth.(/)需要需要 要求 想要doingto be done名词doing名词to be done()ofbeing done名词 表示钱数或表示价格的名词除外5.动词need,require,want 作“需要”,deserve作“应受,应得”解,其后用动名词的主动形式(doing)或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意
30、义。be worth后用动名词的主动形式(doing)表示被动意义。此外,need,require,want后可以接名词或代词作宾语,然后接不定式作宾语补足语,表示“需要/要求/想要某人做某事”。栏目索引考点知识全面总结 用所给动词的适当形式填空:This dictionary cant help(to)learn(learn)the language.This book is worth reading(read).This book is worthy of being read(read).All cars require servicing/to be serviced(service
31、)regularly.I wonder how to solve(solve)this problem.栏目索引考点知识全面总结6.不定式作动词(词组)know,decide,wonder,understand等的宾语时,其前常加how,what,whether,where,when,who等,但why后加不带to的不定式。如:I dont know what to do.(=I dont know what I should do.)我不知道做些什么。We must decide whether to stay or go.(=We must decide whether well stay
32、 or go.)我们必须决定是留还是走。栏目索引考点知识全面总结二、宾语补足语二、宾语补足语1.下列动词及动词词组后接不定式作补足语,即“动词/动词词组+sb.+to do”advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,wait for,call on,depend on等。如:You are not allowed to smoke here.此处不允许吸
33、烟。The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。栏目索引考点知识全面总结2.分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别(1)感官动词see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有两种情况:当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系时,需用动词原形(即不带to 的不定式)及doing(现在分词一般主动式);不带to 的不定式表完成,doing形式表正在进行;当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时,需用过去分词及being done(现在分词一般
34、被动式),过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性,being done表正在进行。如:I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动,完成)栏目索引考点知识全面总结I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。(主动,正在进行)I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterd
35、ay.昨天经过她房间时,我听见一个小女孩正在唱英文歌。(被动,正在进行)Id like to see the plan carried out.我想看到这个计划被执行。(被动,没有一定的时间性)注意:不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成或状态。如:I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.我低头看了一眼我的脖子,发现我的项链不见了。(不及物动词,状态)栏目索引考点知识全面总结(2)使役动词make,let,have,get后接复合宾语的情况:如:He made his workers work 12 hours a day.他让他的工人
36、们每天工作12个小时。He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。make 宾语do()done()让做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系让被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系栏目索引考点知识全面总结如:Dont let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。Let the work be done immediately.工作要马上去做。let 宾语do()be done()让做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系让被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系栏目索引考点知识全面总结注意:have sth.done还表示“使
37、遭受”之意。如:Tom had his leg broken while playing football.汤姆踢足球时弄伤了腿。have sb.doing若用于否定句中,其中have有“允许、容忍”之意。如:I wont have you speaking to your Dad like that.我不允许你和你父亲那么讲话。栏目索引考点知识全面总结如:He got me to post the letter for him.他让我替他寄信。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了
38、片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。Ill get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。栏目索引考点知识全面总结(3)leave 后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,意为“使处于某种状态”。如:Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.你让机器一直开着是不对的。(主动,正在进行)栏目索引考点知识全面总结The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didnt taste deli-cious.大部分的饭菜客人们都没有动,因为它
39、们不可口。(被动,完成)He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.他走了,留下我一个人去做剩余的所有工作。(主动,将来)We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。(被动,将来)栏目索引考点知识全面总结(4)with复合结构中的宾语补足语with复合结构指的是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构形式一with+宾语+形容词He often sleeps with the windows open.他常开着窗睡觉。D
40、ont speak with your mouth full.不要满嘴巴食物说话。形式二with+宾语+副词He stood before his teacher with his head down.他低着头站在老师面前。He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他穿着他的所有衣服躺在床上。栏目索引考点知识全面总结形式三with+宾语+名词He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.他去世时他的女儿还是个小学生。形式四with+宾语+介词短语She said good-bye with tears
41、 in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见。He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕着胳膊睡着了。形式五with+宾语+现在分词(短语)He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他亮着灯睡着了。I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为我的妈妈在生病,我将不能去度假。栏目索引考点知识全面总结形式六with+宾语+过去分词(短语)He sat there with his eyes closed.他闭目坐在那儿。All the aftern
42、oon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房间里工作。形式七with+宾语+不定式(短语)I cant go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗所有这些衣服,我无法出去了。With so many people to help us,we are sure to finish it in time.有这么多人帮忙,我们一定能按时完成。栏目索引考点知识全面总结 1.用所给动词的适当形式填空:Before driving into the city,you are required to get your ca
43、r washed(wash).Claire had her luggage checked(check)an hour before her plane left.Listen!Do you hear someone calling(call)for help?He left without saying anything,leaving us standing(stand)outside.Mr Brown was much disappointed to see the camera he had had repaired(repair)went wrong again.()Excuse m
44、e sir,where is Room 301?Just a minute.Ill have Bob you to your room.A.showB.showsC.to showD.showingA栏目索引考点知识全面总结()Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself of his own dreams.A.remindingB.to remindC.remindedD.remind()The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park
45、with their pet dog them.A.to followB.followingC.followedD.followsCB栏目索引考点知识全面总结It is/was+doing sth.2.remain后加非谓语动词作表语(1)remain作“仍需去做(或说、处理),尚待,有待”讲,后加“to be done”作表语。如:One problem remains to be solved.有一个问题尚待解决。It remains to be seen whether the operation was successful.手术是否成功还有待观察。no use/goodnot any
46、 use/goodof little use/goodworth三、非谓语动词作主语、表语及其他成分1.下列句型中常用动名词作主语栏目索引考点知识全面总结(2)remain作“仍然是,保持不变”讲,后可加现在分词或过去分词作表语。如:She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.虽然我们反复地请她坐下,但她还是站着。The true author of the book remains unknown.这本书真正的作者依然不详。栏目索引考点知识全面总结 单项填空:()Please remain ;the win
47、ner of the prize will be announced soon.A.seatingB.seatedC.to seatD.to be seated()Having finished her project,she was invited by the school to the new students.A.speakingB.having spokenC.to speak D.to have spokenBC栏目索引考点知识全面总结一、不定式的主动形式和被动形式一、不定式的主动形式和被动形式1.不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式在逻辑上构成主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形式。如:Do
48、 you have a knife to cut the watermelon?(A knife cuts the watermelon.)你有切西瓜的小刀吗?2.不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式。如:She has a sister to look after.(She looks after her sister.)她有个妹妹要照看。栏目索引考点知识全面总结3.在there be结构中,当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时,不定式用主动形式;如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须被完成,则用被动形式。如:There is a
49、 lot of work to do.(Someone has to do the work.)有大量工作要做。There is a lot of work to be done.(The work has to be done.)有大量有待于做的工作。栏目索引考点知识全面总结二、在二、在“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语(形容词形容词)+to do”结构中结构中,句子的主语与动句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有需用不定式的主动形式表示被
50、动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等。如等。如:This question is easy to answer.这个问题容易回答。This book is difficult to understand.这本书是难理解的。栏目索引dsfdbsy384y982ythb3oibt4oy39y409705923y09y53b2lkboi2y58wy0ehtoibwoify98wy049ywh4b3oiut89u983yf
