1、英语国际音标英语国际音标与语音速与语音速英语国际音标简介英语国际音标简介 音素是语音的最小单位，一个音素就是一个音。音素是语音的最小单位，一个音素就是一个音。48音素音素 元音元音 辅音辅音 音标是用于标记读音的符号，也就是音素的书音标是用于标记读音的符号，也就是音素的书面符号。英语音标的作用相当于汉语的拼音。面符号。英语音标的作用相当于汉语的拼音。国际音标是国际语音协会制定的一套语音符号。国际音标是国际语音协会制定的一套语音符号。26字母字母 元音字母元音字母 辅音字母辅音字母 音标在标注字母或单词的读音时，音标外要用音标在标注字母或单词的读音时，音标外要用方括号方括号 或两条斜线或两条斜线
2、括起来，以免与单词或字括起来，以免与单词或字母混淆。母混淆。元音是指发音时气流通过口腔或鼻腔时，不元音是指发音时气流通过口腔或鼻腔时，不受任何阻碍，同时声带振动。英语中的元音受任何阻碍，同时声带振动。英语中的元音共有共有20个。个。辅音是指发音时，气流从肺部压出来后，通辅音是指发音时，气流从肺部压出来后，通过口腔或鼻腔时受到各发音器官的阻碍，如过口腔或鼻腔时受到各发音器官的阻碍，如受到唇、齿、舌、咽喉等的阻碍而形成的音。受到唇、齿、舌、咽喉等的阻碍而形成的音。英语中的辅音音素按发音时声带是否振动可英语中的辅音音素按发音时声带是否振动可以分为以分为11个清辅音和个清辅音和17个浊辅音。个浊辅音。
3、清辅音发音时声带不振动，浊辅音发音时声清辅音发音时声带不振动，浊辅音发音时声带振动。带振动。音标的分类和数量：音标的分类和数量：一、元音一、元音二、辅音二、辅音共有共有48个，其中元音音标个，其中元音音标20个，辅音音标个，辅音音标28个。在元音中，单元音有个。在元音中，单元音有12个，双元音个，双元音有有8个。在辅音中，清辅音有个。在辅音中，清辅音有11个，浊辅音个，浊辅音有有17个。个。I I、元音、元音 Vowels分类：分类：一、一、1 1、单元音：、单元音：2 2、双元音：、双元音：二、二、1 1、长元音：、长元音：2 2、短元音：、短元音：IIII、辅音、辅音分类分类:清辅音清辅音
4、 浊辅音浊辅音IIIIII、浊辅音有什么特征？、浊辅音有什么特征？IVIV、什么是开音节和闭音节？、什么是开音节和闭音节？/I/e/i:/:/:/u:/:/eI/aI/I /a/I/e/单单元元音音双双 元元 音音短短元元音音长长元元音音/i:/发音要诀发音要诀(1)舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量抬高。舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量抬高。(2)双唇扁平，牙床几乎半合。双唇扁平，牙床几乎半合。(3)这是长元音，发音时嘴角向旁伸，做微笑这是长元音，发音时嘴角向旁伸，做微笑状，并要有一定的延长。状，并要有一定的延长。发音练习发音练习 me mi:see si:sea si:meet mi:t heat hi:t n
5、eed ni:d free fri:feel fi:l bee bi:we /wi:/我们我们me /mi:/我（宾格）我（宾格）she /i:/她她 knee /ni:/膝盖膝盖 tree /tr i:/树树 sheep /i:p/羊羊three /ri:/三三canteen /cnti:n/these /i:z/这些这些Chinese /taini:z/朗读下面的句子(1)A friend in need is a friend indeed.(2)Which would you like,black tea or green tea?(3)Can you see the green tr
6、ee?(4)There is a key on the seat.(5)Do you like to eat meat?/发音要诀发音要诀（1）舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，音短促。）舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，音短促。（2）双唇扁平，牙床半合，上下齿之间可放入）双唇扁平，牙床半合，上下齿之间可放入一个小指尖。口腔肌肉松弛。一个小指尖。口腔肌肉松弛。发音练习发音练习/kisssitclipsixchips吻吻坐坐回形针回形针六六炸薯条炸薯条ksstklpsksps/pigbigdigkidkickpick猪猪大的大的挖挖小孩子小孩子踢踢采摘采摘pgbgdgkdkkpkMilk/m lk/牛奶牛奶 hit
7、/h t/打，击中打，击中minute/m n t/分钟分钟 city/s t/城市城市fish/f /鱼鱼 hill/h l/小山小山window/w nd/窗窗 happy/kp /快乐快乐fit/f t/适合的适合的 thin/n/瘦的瘦的rabbit/rb t/兔子兔子 live/l v/居住居住Is/z/是是 this/s/这个这个music/mju:z k/音乐音乐his/h z/他的他的fifteen/f fti:n/十五十五 朗读下面的句子(1)This is a pig.(2)Jim is as thin as a pin.(3)Dick often sits on the
8、hill.(4)Bill lives in this village.(5)It is a pity,this city is too noisy.注意事项注意事项 /i:/与与/发音的不同发音的不同 （1）这是两个不同的音素，/i:/不不是是/的单纯加长。它们的发音口腔的单纯加长。它们的发音口腔部位不完全相同。部位不完全相同。（2）发）发/音时，口腔肌肉松弛；发音时，口腔肌肉松弛；发/i:/时口腔肌肉紧张。时口腔肌肉紧张。（3）/是短元音，发音短促；是短元音，发音短促；/i:/是长元音，发音细长。是长元音，发音细长。/e/发音要诀（1）舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬高。（2）双唇中常，上下齿间可容下
9、一食指，口腔肌肉松弛。注意事项（1）发/e/音时，口不能张得太大。（2）要避免舌头随便移动，从而发成其他的双元音。发音练习朗读下面的单词/le/tel/desk/bed/bred/leg tell desk bed bread leg/leg/腿腿 egg/eg/鸡蛋鸡蛋bed/bed/床床 desk/desk/桌子桌子pen/pen/笔笔 elephant/elifnt/大象大象get/get/获得获得 seven/sevn/七七yes/jes/是的是的 eleven/levn/十一十一/bedbeltpetegglegdesk床床腰带腰带宠物宠物蛋蛋腿腿书桌书桌bed/belt/peteg
10、glegdesk朗读下面的句子(1)It is never too late to mend.(2)He has already passed the test.(3)Fresh vegetables are good for our health.(4)So many men,so many minds.(5)Lets get ready for the lesson./发音要诀（1）舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬高，音短促。（2）双唇向两边平伸，成扁平形。上下齿间可容两指宽度。口腔肌肉松弛。发音练习/adbadsaddadbag爸爸爸爸坏的坏的伤心的伤心的广告广告书包书包dbdsdddbg/bat
11、catcapblack蝙蝠蝙蝠/球拍球拍猫猫帽子帽子黑色的黑色的btktkpblk朗读下面的句子(1)As a matter of fact,the man is fat.(2)The cat catches a fat rat.(3)A fat man ran after a black cat.(4)She has a black bag.(5)Mack comes back very late./:/her h:bird b:d work w:k shirt :t girl :l skirt sk:t nurse/n:s/hurt /h:t/term /t:m/:朗读下面的句子(1)Th
12、e early bird catches the worm.(2)There are thirteen girls in the third picture.(3)Please turn to page thirty and read the first dialogue.(4)The nurse in a dirty skirt is feeding the bird.(5)He has written thirty poems this term./注意事项/不出现在重读音节中，在词首或词中时发不出现在重读音节中，在词首或词中时发音较模糊，在词尾时适当拖长。音较模糊，在词尾时适当拖长。发音
13、练习发音练习ago u panda pnd brother br sister sist winter wint river riv breakfast brekfst 朗读下面的句子(1)Her younger sister is a teacher.(2)Did you forget the famous writers name?(3)After supper,he went to visit his younger brother.(4)There is an eraser under the computer.(5)The second picture drew by my brot
14、her is very beautiful/:/:t/h:d/st:/k:d/d:k/:m/st:t/art hard starcard dark arm start 朗读下面的句子(1)There is a large park near the farm.(2)A fast car passed through the park.(3)Her father is counting the stars in a dark house.(4)He didnt pass the exam,for its rather hard.(5)Her farther put the card into t
15、he basket./注意事项发/时，声音要短促，不能拖泥带水。发音练习/fn/bs/mst /kt/lk/sn/sn/dk/fun bus must cut luck sun son duck 朗读下面的句子(1)What colour is this bus?(2)Her son loves nothing but money.(3)Its Sunday,but you must get up now.(4)Her cousin cut her finger last Monday.(5)He doesnt have enough money,but he is going to take
16、 his mother to visit the Great Wall./:/d:/l:/k:l/m:/sm:l/st:ri/t:l/door law call more small story tall 朗读下面的句子(1)Look before you leap.(2)Its warm today.(3)Please open the door.(4)George saw a door on the wall.(5)Your daughter who is tall has bought four balls./h t/st p/n t/b ks/s ri/w t/f ks/d g/p t
17、/kl k/hot stop not box sorry whatfoxdog potclock 朗读下面的句子(1)I got a job as a pop song singer.(2)Barking dogs do not bite.(3)-Whats this?-Its a clock.(4)There are many hot dogs in the shop.(5)The dog stopped on the top of the hill./u:/u:/fu:d/ku:l/ru:m/nu:dl/shoe food cool room noodle /p t/b k/g d/l k
18、/k k/f t/put book good look cook foot 朗读下面的句子(1)The classroom is full of books.(2)She is a good-looking cook.(3)More sugar should be put in the coffee.(4)He is looking for a good book.(5)I sometimes cook with a book near my right foot./e/m e k/d e t/d e t/k e k/w e t/n e m/l e k/t e bl/make date dat
19、a cake wait name lake table/a/fla/kra/ma/kand/ba/fly cry my kind buy/b/t/l /nz/vs/boy toy oil noise voice/k t/hm/k ld/rz/b t/z/n/n/ld/l/g/s/coat cold boat know old low go so home rose those no /a/a t/na/ha/has/ma/out now how house mouth/n/kl/h/mi:d/b/d/ear near clear here media beer deer /e/e/he/e/p
20、e/h:dwe/air hair share pearhardware/t/p/tour poorsure 国际英文国际英文26个字母及发音音标个字母及发音音标 26个英文字母及发音音标如下个英文字母及发音音标如下:A a/ei/B b/bi:/C c/si:/D d/di:/E e/i:/F f/ef/G g/di:/H h/eit/I i/ai/J j/dei/K k/kei/L l/el/M m/em/N n/en/O o/u/P p/pi:/Q q/kju:/R r/a:/S s/es/T t/ti:/U u/ju:/V v/vi:/W w/dblju:/X x/eks/Y y/wai
21、/Z z/zi:/zed/以上我们可以看出以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素元音音素.如如:1)含元音音素含元音音素/ei/字母字母 Aa Hh Jj Kk 音标音标:/ei/eit/dei/kei/2)含元音音素含元音音素/i:/字母字母 Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv音标音标:/bi:/si:/di:/i:/di:/pi:/ti:/vi:/3)含元音音素含元音音素/e/字母字母:Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz音标音标:/ef/el/em/en/es/eks/zed/4)含元音音素含元音音素/ju:/字母字母:Uu Qq
22、Ww 音标音标:/ju:/kju:/dblju:/5)含元音音素含元音音素/ai/字母字母:Ii Yy 音标音标:/ai/wai/consonants(辅音辅音)a.爆破音爆破音/p/,/t,/k/,/b/,/d/,/b.摩擦音摩擦音/f/,/,/s/,/,/v/,/,/z/,/,/h/,/r/c.破擦音破擦音 /t/，/tr/，/ts/，/d/，/dr/，/dz/d.鼻腔音鼻腔音 /m/,/n/,/e.舌边音舌边音 /l/f.半元音半元音/w/,/j/p/p/pen picture jeep map b/b/bike bus book box双唇音：双唇音：a.爆破音爆破音d/d/desk
23、down bird goodt /t/ten two boat meet发音方法：发音方法：齿龈音：齿龈音：k/k/cake Kate thank clockg /g/good girl egg bag舌后软颚音舌后软颚音/f/finefivefourfamilyfacefloorfriend/v/verysevenhavelovegloveoverelevenb.摩擦音摩擦音唇齿相依音：唇齿相依音：/thinthinkthankthreethirteenthirtytenth/thisthatthesethosetherefathermother舌舌齿音齿音s /s/sit see yes
24、class 齿龈音：齿龈音：z /z/is his these zero/k/e/i:/ip/p/fi/ju:ul/le/ple/cash share she ship shop fish usual leisure pleasure 齿龈硬颚音齿龈硬颚音/t/cheap/ti:p/search/s:t/chair/te/watch/w:t/Match/mt/d/job /d b/orange /rind/Japan/d pn/just /dst/message /mesid/c.破擦音破擦音齿龈硬颚音齿龈硬颚音/tr/tree /tri:/try /trai/train /trein/tru
25、e /tru:/truth /tru:/trade /treid/train/trein/dr/dry /drai/draw /dr:/drum /drm/dream /dri:m/dress /dres/driver /draiv/ts/wants bats hats habits cats/dz/needs beds cards sounds/m/mymapamgame/n/ninenewtenson/morningwrongthinkthankd.鼻腔音鼻腔音/h/he hat here hill/l/look hello floor family/r/red right brown r
26、oom卷舌齿龈音：卷舌齿龈音：/j/yes you your yellow/w/we woman where white 爆破辅音/p/pea/t/tear/k/class/b/bee/d/dear/g/glassGood,better,best，循序渐进Never let it rest，永不停止Until good is better,好上加好And better best，精益求精 摩擦辅音/f/v/fast few leaf proof safe surf vast 巨大的 view leave prove save serveHe works hard as if he never
27、knew fatigue.It is very difficult for us to finish it before five.摩擦辅音/s/z/bus ice loose race used buzz 蜂音 eyes lose raise used 摩擦辅音/thank theme thick bath breath cloth than these this bathe breathe clothe/s/thin thing faith mouth/breathe clothe seethe 沸腾 sin sing face mouse/z/breeze 微风 close seize/
28、t/thank thought/there they those/three tank taught/d/dare day doze 打瞌睡 /f/free A thousand thanks.Cathy has three brothers.Mr.Smith talked about this,that and the other.There is something.They have been there for more than three months.摩擦辅音/cash fish ship shoe leisure 闲暇 measure 测量 pleasure vision 视觉
29、Measure for measure.以牙还牙She sells sea shells on the seashore.她在海边捡贝壳。摩擦辅音 /h/hard he house who hi hello/r/red road write wrong破擦辅音/ts/dz/carts rates Seats/t/cheep choke 闷塞 larch 落叶松 rich cards raids Seeds/d/jeep joke large ridge 脊破擦辅音/tr/dr/track tree truck try drag dream drug dryNever trouble troub
30、le till trouble troubles you.麻烦不找你，就别自找麻烦。鼻辅音/m/n/dim 朦胧的 din 喧闹 ding 唠叨 seem seen seeing sum sun sung whim 怪想 win wing舌边辅音/l/l/n/r/lead need read light night right半元音/w/j/warm young well yard while yield where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。you still look young,year after year.一年一年过去了，你看起来还那么年轻。
