1、,人教版 七年级下册历史优质课件(RJ),用心整理 精心汇编,辽宋夏金元时期:民族关系发展和社会变化,第二单元,第6课 北宋的政治,陈桥兵变,黄袍加身,新课导入,杯酒释兵权,后周大将赵匡胤,陈桥兵变当皇帝。 杯酒辞去石守信,牢牢控制了军队。 中央相权要分割,分化事权削相权; 地方文臣任知州,三年一换频调动。 节度使税权取消,转运使把财赋收。 重文轻武政策好,政权稳定社会安; 文教事业得发展,文治局面大兴盛。,一、宋太祖强化中央集权,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
2、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
3、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,结束分裂割据局面,1.北宋建立的时间:,公元
4、960年,2.开国皇帝:,3.都城:,赵匡胤宋太祖,开封,强化中央集权的措施,1.解除禁军将领的兵权,牢牢地控制了军队。,2.在中央,采取分化事权的办法,削弱相权。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
5、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
6、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.在地方,派文臣担任州县长官,知州三年一换,设通判分化知州权力;取消节度使收税的权力,后设置转运使把地方财赋收归中央。,影响:,通过上述措施,宋朝把中央集权强化到前所未有的程度,皇权大大加强。,思考探究:汉武帝和宋太祖加强中央集权采取的措施有何异同?,*相同点: 在中央,分割宰相的权力,加强皇权; 在地方,削弱
7、地方机构的权力。,*不同点: 1.在中央,汉武帝通过设立中朝决策机构来削弱宰相的权力;宋太祖则通过分割宰相的军权、财权,乃至行政权来削弱宰相权力。 2.在地方上,汉武帝主要是削弱王国势力和建立对地方官的监察机制;宋太祖则将地方精兵、财权、行政权收归中央。,二、重文轻武的政策,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
8、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
9、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.目的,为防止唐末以来武将专横跋扈的弊端重现。,2.措施,宋太祖重用文臣掌握军政大权,宋太宗继续采取抑制武将、提升文官地位的政策,使文臣统兵的格局逐渐形成。 宋朝注重发展文教事业,改革和发展了科举制,造
10、就了宋朝科技发达、文化昌盛、人才辈出的文治局面。,3.影响:,宋朝的重文轻武政策,扭转了五代十国时期尚武轻文的风气,杜绝了武将跋扈和兵变政移的情况发生,有利于政权的稳固和社会的安定。,北宋的盛世景象:,东南形胜,三吴都会,钱塘自古繁华。烟柳画桥,风帘翠幕,参差十万人家。云树绕堤沙。怒涛卷霜雪,天堑无涯。市列珠玑,户盈罗绮,竞豪奢。 重湖叠巘清嘉。有三秋桂子,十里荷花。羌管弄晴,菱歌泛夜,嬉嬉钓叟莲娃。千骑拥高牙。乘醉听萧鼓,吟赏烟霞。异日图将好景,归去凤池夸。 柳永望海潮,北宋政治,强化中央集权,重文轻武,解除禁军将领兵权,中央:分化事权,削弱相权,地方:文臣任州县长官,知州三年一换;设置转运
11、使,把地方赋收归中央,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
12、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
13、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,重文轻武的弊端,宋朝实行重文轻武政策,对政权的稳固有积极的作用,但也造成了负面的影响。文臣掌兵,不熟悉军务,而将不专兵,兵无常帅,导致军队的战斗力减弱。文官得到重用,逐渐形成以士大夫为主体的官僚集团,但由于政治机构重叠,相互牵制,官吏冗余,人浮于事,既导致办事效率下降,又增加了朝廷的财政支出。,课后拓展,宋代职官大辞典之地方行政管理机构称:“乾德三年(965)三月,朝廷遣官吏转运使,总一道之财赋,此为道一级之设官。”这一举措在政治方面产生的主要影响是(
14、) A.实现了中央集权 B.剥夺了节度使的权力 C.结束了藩镇割据局面 D.消除了地方割据势力的物质基础,D,课堂练习,北宋时,“状元登第,虽将兵数十万,恢复幽蓟,凯歌而还,献捷太庙,其荣亦不能及矣。”这反映了当时政府( ) A.渴望收回幽云地区 B.崇武抑文 C.委派文官主持军务 D.重文轻武,D,第7课 辽、西夏与北宋的并立,陈桥,复习回顾,1.民族: 2.建立者: 3.建立时间: 4.都城:,一、契丹族与党项族,契丹族,耶律阿保机,10世纪初,上京临潢府(今内蒙古巴林左旗南),(一)契丹族,契丹是我国北方的古老民族之一。契丹正式见于历史文献记载的年代是389年。契丹人过着逐水草而居的游牧
15、生活。“行营到处即为家,一卓穹庐数乘车。千里山川无土著,四时畋猎是生涯。”经过约500年的发展,到唐朝时,契丹已逐渐强大起来。,相关链接,契丹文字,契丹货币,契丹人引马图,1.民族: 2.建立者: 3.建立时间: 4.都城:,党项族,元昊,11世纪前期,兴庆府(今宁夏银川),(二)党项族,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
16、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
17、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,元昊仿效唐宋制度,订立官制、军制和法律,并发展农牧经济,还创制了西夏文字。,西夏货币,西夏铜牌,北宋、辽、西夏的建立简表,想一想辽和西夏对我国历史发展有哪些贡献?,分别完成了契丹族和党项族的
18、封建化,促进了边疆的开发,有利于民族融合,边疆的局部统一为中华民族大一统的重建和巩固奠定了基础。,二、辽与北宋的和战,澶渊之盟,宋太宗即位之后,对辽采取防御政策。宋真宗时,辽军大举攻宋,逼近黄河岸边的澶州城下,威胁都城开封,宋真宗勉强亲征,宋军士气大振,击退辽军。,背景:,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
19、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
20、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,第二年(1005年),宋辽在澶州订立和议: 辽军撤回; 北宋给辽“岁币”。 历史上称为“澶渊之盟”。此后很长时间,辽宋之间保持着和平局面。,内容:,如何评价澶渊之盟?,对于北宋来说,有政治屈辱、经济掠夺之弊
21、,加重了人民的负担,但也赢得了政治安定。 辽则大获其利,军事上撤退,政治上赢得主动,经济上得到实惠。 对整个中华民族来说,则有利于民族和平共处,相互交流,促进了双方的发展和民族融合。,辽宋关系,战争,议和澶渊之盟,燕云十六州 燕云十六州,也叫“幽云十六州”“幽蓟十六州”,是五代后唐将领石敬瑭割让给契丹的十六州的总称,大致相当于今北京、天津及河北、山西北部一带。燕指幽州,云指云州。石敬瑭以割地为条件,借助契丹兵力,当上后晋皇帝,将燕云十六州割给契丹。,宋朝:被动挨打,节节败退,西夏:屡屡获胜,民不聊生,内容:西夏对宋称臣 宋给西夏岁币,重开边境贸易,三、西夏与北宋的关系,状元成才路,状元成才路,
22、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
23、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
24、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,战,和,战,多元汇聚,文字,辽,西夏,印章,辽,西夏,器物,辽,西夏,辽,西夏,钱币,辽,西夏,探史明理,1.北宋与辽、西夏之间的战争性质就交战双方来说有何不同?,北宋与辽、西夏战争,只是中华民族大家庭内部之争,不是侵略和反侵略的战争。 就其正义性而言,当时的辽、西夏政权是以劫掠和扩大势力为目的而发动战争,是非正义的; 北宋军民的抗辽、西夏斗争维护了中原和南方社会的相对稳定和生产发展,是正义的。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
25、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
26、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
27、路,状元成才路,2.北宋与辽、西夏之间的战争给双方带来什么影响?,加重了双方百姓的负担; 使人民蒙受了屠杀和焚掠等空前的战争灾难; 造成国库空虚,严重影响互市贸易和经济文化交流; 激化了民族矛盾和社会阶级矛盾。,3.北宋与辽、西夏由战争走向议和的原因是什么?,双方都不具备彻底战胜对方的实力; 战争耗费了大量的人力财力,破坏了双方的正常 贸易,严重影响人民日常生活; 人民反对战争; 北宋统治者软弱无能。,4.怎样评价北宋与辽、西夏之间的议和?,议和是双方实力均衡的产物; 加重了北宋人民负担; 使南北贯通,互市不绝,有利于经济贸易往来; 促进了民族融合。,5.完成表格。,916年,契丹族,耶律阿保
28、机,上京,澶渊之盟,960年,汉族,赵匡胤,汴京,庆历和议,1038年,党项族,元昊,兴庆,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
29、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
30、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,寻踪辽夏: 在我国现在的五十六个民族中,没有契丹族、党项族,他们是怎样神秘“消失”的呢?请查阅有关资料,了解契丹族和党项族随辽夏政权的兴衰在历史上发展和变迁情况。,拓展延伸,宋与辽、宋与西夏订立和议后,对双方产生的主要影响是( ) A.双方基本上维持了和平局面 B.加速了辽、西夏封建化的进程 C.加强了民族融合 D.加深了北宋的经济负担,课后习题,澶渊之盟前,北宋对辽采取的主要政策是(
31、 ) A.防御 B.进攻 C.和亲 D.投降,3.下列对澶渊之盟的分析和认识,正确的是( ) 宋辽关系史上由战到和的转折点 北宋政府牺 牲人民利益换取苟安局面的产物 客观上维持了 长久和平 暴露了北宋统治的腐败 A. B. C. D.,第8课 金与南宋的对峙,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
32、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
33、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,岳飞是中国历史上有名的抗金将领,其精忠报国的精神深受中国各族人民的敬佩。 金是由哪个民族建立的?又是如何灭掉了北宋?南宋与金之间的关系是怎样的呢?,一、女真族的崛起,女真人的生活,女真的统一,阿骨打称帝建金,11世纪,1
34、115年,阿骨打,完颜部,金的兴起,金,女真,1115年,阿骨打,会宁,阿骨打(公元10681123年)是金国的建国者,出身于生女真的完颜部中。公元1113年,阿骨打继任都勃极烈(即大酋长),统一邻近各部,发动了反辽战争。公元1115年,阿骨打正式建国称帝,国号大金。金建国后,阿骨打命完颜希尹制作女真文,复与宋订约共同攻辽,不幸于辽灭亡前夕病死。,金太祖模仿中原王朝制度,改革女真部落军政体制,颁行女真文字,发展生产,女真势力迅速壮大。,女真族的崛起:,二、金灭辽及北宋,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
35、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
36、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,“月儿
37、弯弯照九州,几家欢乐几家愁,几家夫妇同罗帐,几家飘散在他州。” 这是1127年开封城破,北宋灭亡时流传的一首歌谣。你知道它反映了当时怎样的社会现实吗?,靖康之变,1125年,金灭辽,北宋政治腐败 军队战斗力弱 内部守备空虚,宋徽宗 赵佶(10821135)北宋皇帝、画家、书法家。宋神宗十一子,宋朝第八位皇帝(11001125年在位),在位26年,国亡被俘受折磨而死,终年54岁。,钦宗赵桓,北宋末代皇帝。宣和七年(1125年)十二月,在金兵大举入侵之际,徽宗禅让帝位,赵桓即位,是为钦宗,改次年为靖康元年。钦宗优柔寡断,反复无常。听信奸臣谗言,罢免了抗战派将领李纲。面对进军强大的攻势,宋徽宗、宋钦
38、宗无力抵抗,只想着妥协求和。1127年,进军攻破开封,北宋灭亡。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
39、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
40、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,问题探究:北宋为什么会灭亡?,主观,经济 政治 军事,客观,连年征战、岁币,造成内部空虚; 统治腐朽、无能,破坏军民的抗金斗争; 长期实行重文臣,轻武将,守内虚外的政策。,金统治者励精图治;女真族骁勇善战;灭辽后实力大增。,三、南宋的偏安,南宋的建立,开封,临安,北宋灭亡后,宋钦宗的弟弟赵构登上皇位,赵构就是宋高宗,后来定都临安,史称南宋。,岳飞抗金,南宋初年,金军几次大举南下,南宋军民奋起抵抗。岳飞等抗金将领
41、率军北伐,从金军手中收复许多失地。岳飞统率的“岳家军”在郾城大败金军主力,并乘胜追击,迫使金军后撤。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
42、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
43、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,岳飞抗金为什么能取得辉煌战绩?,岳飞:家庭教育,名师培养,国家危难以及军旅生活的磨炼,决心精忠报国。,岳家军:作战勇敢,纪律严明。,战争性质(根本原因):正义战争,维护了人民的利益。,内容:,宋金议和,1.南宋对金称臣; 2.每年给金送纳岁币; 3.双方以淮水至大散关一线划定分界线。,影响:,确立了南宋与金的对峙局面; 给南宋人民带来了沉重负担; 客观上获得较长的和平局面,有
44、利于南北经济恢复发展和各族人民友好交往。,问题探究: 为什么金军轻易灭掉北宋但未能灭掉南宋?,金军战线过长,很难灭掉南宋; 北方人民坚持抗金,对金军南下起了牵制作用; 岳飞等抗金将领坚持抗战; 宋高宗被逼无路可退,只得抗金。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
45、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
46、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,女真族,金,南宋:宋高宗赵构建立,1125年灭辽,1127年灭宋,阿骨打,1115年建立政权,岳飞抗金,宋金和议,“山外青山楼外楼,西湖歌舞几时休,暖风吹得游人醉,直把杭州当汴州。”该诗从根本上反映了( ) A.南宋都城杭州的繁华 B.西湖景色秀丽迷人
47、C.统治者的腐败甘愿据守江南一隅 D.人民收复失地的强烈愿望,C,课堂练习,北宋与南宋的关系,类似于( ) A.西汉与东汉 B.西晋与东晋 C.东魏与西魏 D.唐朝与后唐,B,岳飞诗云“靖康耻,犹未雪,臣子恨,何时灭”中的“靖康耻”是指( ) A.宋辽订立澶渊之盟 B.西夏和金订立盟约 C.金军掳走宋徽宗和宋钦宗 D.宋金和议,C,第9课 宋代经济的发展,新课导入,在许多方面,宋朝在中国都是个最令人激动的时代算得上一个政治清明、繁荣和创新的黄金时代。 罗兹墨菲:亚洲史,清明上河图(局部),一、农业的发展,原因:,(1)从唐朝中晚期至两宋时期,北方人口大批南迁,带去了先进生产技术。,(2)两宋时
48、期,人口增加,垦田面积扩大,耕作技术提高。,表现:,(1)粮食作物,由越南传入的占城稻,成熟早,抗旱力强,北宋时推广到东南地区。 南方农民还培育出许多优良品种,从而大大提高了水稻的产量。由于宋朝朝廷的大力提倡,南方的水稻在北方也得到较大推广。 宋朝时,水稻产量跃居粮食作物首位。 长江下游和太湖流域一带成为丰饶的粮仓,出现了“苏湖熟,天下足”或“苏常熟,天下足”的谚语。,(2)经济作物,南方各地普遍种植茶树;南宋后期,棉花种植区向北推进到江淮和川蜀一带。,结果:,南方农业发展速度加快,逐渐超过北方。,二、手工业的兴盛,(1)丝织业 北宋时,南方的丝织业胜过北方,四川、江浙的丝织生产发达。,(2)
49、棉纺织业 南宋后期,棉纺织业兴起,海南岛已有比较先进的棉纺织工具,棉纺织品种类较多。,纺织业:,制瓷业:,北宋兴起的江西景德镇,后来发展成为著名的瓷都。南宋时,江南地区已成为我国制瓷业中心。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状