1、1.She gave me a _(determine)1.She gave me a _(determine)look.look.2.Wang Peng was _(amaze)at 2.Wang Peng was _(amaze)at this this and especially at the prices.and especially at the prices.3._(build)in 1885,it was the oldest 3._(build)in 1885,it was the oldest car car taking part.taking part.4.John S
2、now wanted _(face)the 4.John Snow wanted _(face)the challenge and solve this problem.challenge and solve this problem.determineddeterminedamazedamazedBuiltBuiltto faceto faceComplete the following sentences.Complete the following sentences.5.Two years ago she bought an 5.Two years ago she bought an
3、expensive expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded mountain bike and then she persuaded me _(buy)one.me _(buy)one.6.He enjoys _(listen)to violin 6.He enjoys _(listen)to violin music.music.7.Since then,7.Since then,_ (find)(find)ways to ways to grow grow more rice has been his life goal.more ri
4、ce has been his life goal.8.That was very _(exhaust).8.That was very _(exhaust).to buyto buylisteninglistening findingfindingexhaustingexhausting非谓语动词非谓语动词动词不定式动词不定式、动词的动词的-ing形式形式和和动词的动词的-ed形式形式。结构为结构为“to+动词原形动词原形”，否定形式为否定形式为“not to+动词原形动词原形”。动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的作用动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 1 主语主
5、语(subject)2 表语表语(predicative)3 宾语宾语(object)4 宾补宾补(object complement)5 定语定语(attribute)6 状语状语(adverbial)一、不定式作主语一、不定式作主语 (subject)To keep smilingTo keep smiling is healthy for you.is healthy for you.It Its important s important to look up the new to look up the new words in the dictionarywords in the
6、dictionary when you when you study English.study English.单个不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长若不定式太长,往往用往往用it作形式主语作形式主语,不定不定式后置。式后置。My job My job to protect the worldto protect the world二、不定式作表语二、不定式作表语 (predicative)Seeing is to believe.To see is believing.Seeing is believing.To see is to believ
7、e.不定式常用在系动词不定式常用在系动词 be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语。等后作表语。All you have to do is All you have to do is(toto)finish the finish the job quickly.job quickly.如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do,用作表语的不定式省略用作表语的不定式省略to。Jeremy Lin likes Jeremy Lin likes to playto play basketballbasketball.The girl decided Th
8、e girl decided to do it to do it herselfherself.We hope We hope to get there to get there before darkbefore dark.三、不定式作宾语三、不定式作宾语 (object)常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt,choose,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prep
9、are,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,want,wish,.四、不定式作宾补四、不定式作宾补 (object complement)My mum asks me My mum asks me to play the pianoto play the piano two hours every day.two hours every day.The teacher told me The teacher told me to clean the blackboardto clean the blackboard.I expect you I expect yo
10、u to give me some helpto give me some help.常接不定式作宾补的动词：常接不定式作宾补的动词：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等等+sb.to do sth.+sb.to do sth.noticenotice listen to listen to hear hear watch watch 五看五看 see see look at look at observeobserve三三使使 letlet makemake havehave 二听二听一感觉一感觉:feelfeel+sb.do sth.（不带不带to）1.They
11、saw the boy 1.They saw the boy fallfall suddenly from suddenly from the tree.the tree.The boy was seen The boy was seen to fall to fall suddenlysuddenly from the tree.from the tree.当以上的动词用于被动式，当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：要还原：Mother made John Mother made John wash wash the car the car forfor a week.a week.John
12、 was made John was made to wash to wash the car forthe car for a week.a week.不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to。1)She could 1)She could dodo nothing nothing but crybut cry.2)I 2)I have have no choice no choice but to gobut to
13、 go.3)What do you like to 3)What do you like to dodo besides sleepbesides sleep.五、不定式作定语五、不定式作定语 (attribute)1.Kate is looking for a 1.Kate is looking for a suitable coat suitable coat to wearto wear.2.Tom has a nice pen 2.Tom has a nice pen to write with to write with.1.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的
14、名词或代词之后词或代词之后(a)She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends.(b)Ladies and gentlemen,I have something important to tell you.不定式作定语不定式作定语2.当被当被the first,the last,the only等词以及形容词最等词以及形容词最高级修饰时以及先行词为抽象名词时；高级修饰时以及先行词为抽象名词时；eg:She is always the first to come and the last to leave.3.something,an
15、ything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。做后置定语。eg:Ive grown so crazy about eg:Ive grown so crazy about everything to doeverything to do with nature.with nature.5.如果不定式是不及物动词如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需则后面需 适当的介词。适当的介词。Please pass me some paper to write _.o on n4.也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be 句型中。句型
16、中。There is no one There is no one to take care of herto take care of her.I have no jewelry I have no jewelry to wearto wear.I got up early to _.I got up early to _.in order to,in order to,so as to,so as to,enough to,enough to,only to,only to,too.totoo.tocatch the catch the traintrain六、不定式作状语六、不定式作状语
17、 (adverbial)在一些短语中也有体在一些短语中也有体现现eg:He spoke loudly(so as/in order)eg:He spoke loudly(so as/in order)to be heard to be heard.1)表示目的表示目的:to in order to so as to不定式作状语不定式作状语2)表示原因表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作 状语状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,
18、disappointed 等。等。eg:Im glad/pleased eg:Im glad/pleased to see youto see you.We were surprised We were surprised to hear the to hear the newsnews.so+adj./adv.+as to do so+adj./adv.+as to do such+n.+as to do such+n.+as to do He was He was soso foolish foolish as toas to believe it.believe it.=He was =
19、He was suchsuch a fool a fool as toas to believe it.believe it.=He was foolish =He was foolish enough toenough to believe it.believe it.3)结果状语结果状语:To tell the truthTo tell the truth,I am not happy at the,I am not happy at the moment.moment.to be frank to be frank to be honest to be honest to tell th
20、e truth to tell the truth七、七、独立结构独立结构 (absolute construction)1.It is good 1.It is good to help othersto help others.2.It is my ambition 2.It is my ambition to make sure that the to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public bu
21、ildingshave access to all public buildings.3.My ambition is 3.My ambition is to work in the to work in the computer industry when I grow upcomputer industry when I grow up.Identify its function.Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(subject)(subject)(predicative)(predicative)想一想想一想4.I dont have ti
22、me 4.I dont have time to sit aroundto sit around feeling sorry for myself.feeling sorry for myself.5.I am the only student in my class 5.I am the only student in my class to to have a pet snakehave a pet snake.6.A big company has decided 6.A big company has decided to buy it to buy it from mefrom me
23、.7.My fellow students have begun 7.My fellow students have begun to to accept me for who I amaccept me for who I am.(attribute)(attribute)(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)(object)(object)8.I have had to work hard 8.I have had to work hard to live a to live a normal lifenormal life.9.Some days I
24、 am too tired 9.Some days I am too tired to get out to get out of bedof bed.10.We must call on local government 10.We must call on local government to to give financial assistance to give financial assistance to disabled disabled peoplepeople.(adverbial)(adverbial)(adverbial)(adverbial)(object compl
25、ement)(object complement)在动词末加在动词末加-ing 形式构成形式构成。否定形式：否定形式：not+-ing 构成构成动词动词-ing形式形式动词动词-ing形式时态和语态形式时态和语态1.直接置于句首直接置于句首(1)Playing tricks on others is something we should never do.捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。(2)Learning new words is very important for me.学习新单词对我来说非常重要。学习新单词对我来说非常重要。(3)Talking is eas
26、ier than doing.说比做容易。说比做容易。动词动词-ing形式作主语形式作主语2.用形式主语用形式主语it，把真正的主语，把真正的主语-ing形式移形式移 置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限 制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数 名词。名词。(1)It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。(2)Its worth making the effort.这事值得努力去做。这事值得努力去做。(3)It is pleasant w
27、orking with you.跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。It+be+a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做做是没益是没益/用处的用处的It is/was no worth doing 做做不值得不值得常用常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有：1.只能后接动词只能后接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词或短形式作宾语的动词或短 语，常见的有语，常见的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,esca
28、pe,imagine,mind,miss,practise,fancy,give up,put off,risk等。等。I cant avoid going.我不能不去。我不能不去。动词动词-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语2.A.在在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后等动词之后 用用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不或不定式意义上没有什么不 同，只是侧重点有些不同，动词同，只是侧重点有些不同，动词-ing形形式表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体式表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。的一次性动作。B.在在begin/start,continue之后，用动之后，用动 词词-ing和
29、不定式，意义无甚区别，和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。尤其是当主语是人的时候。C.在动词在动词forget,remember,regret，cant help,propose,stop try to do(设法设法)，try doing(试试试试)，mean to do(打算，有意要做打算，有意要做)，mean doing(意思是，意味着意思是，意味着)go on doing 继续做一直在做的事；继续做一直在做的事；go on to do 接着做另一件事接着做另一件事 Please go on doing the same exercise.请接着做同一个练习。请接着做同一个练
30、习。Please go on to do the other exercise.请做另外一个练习。请做另外一个练习。3.作介词宾语作介词宾语 下列短语中的下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面都是介词，所以后面 跟名词或跟名词或-ing形式：形式：devote to,object to,pay attention to,get down to,lead to,look forward to,stick to,be used to等。等。In doing our work,we must pay attention to ways and means.He was looking forward t
31、o working with the new manager.动词动词-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。His brother,working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.=His brother,who is working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。1.动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾形式作宾语补足语常放在
32、宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。When we returned to the school,we found a stranger standing at the entrance.当我们回到学校时，发现一个陌生人当我们回到学校时，发现一个陌生人站在大门口。站在大门口。动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语2.能用能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动形式作宾语补足语的几类动词词:(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的 有有see,watch,notice
33、,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,find,等。等。a.We saw a light burning in the window.b.I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.a.Im sorry to have kept you a.Im sorry to have kept you waitingwaiting.b.You wont catch me b.You wont catch me doingdoing that that againagain(2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有表示指使意义的动词，常
34、见的有 keep,catch,leave等。等。playing footballplaying football used as the used as the subjectsubjectPlaying footballPlaying football is my favourite sport.is my favourite sport.My sister enjoys My sister enjoys standingstanding alone on the alone on the seashore.seashore.standingstanding used as the used
35、 as the objectobjectThe cartoon is The cartoon is amusingamusing.amusingamusing used as the used as the predicativepredicative说出下面句中动词说出下面句中动词-ing部分部分在句中作什么成分。在句中作什么成分。China is China is developing developing country.country.developingdeveloping used as the used as the attributeattributeWe heard her
36、We heard her singingsinging in her room.in her room.singing singing used as theused as the object complementobject complementShe sat at the desk She sat at the desk reading reading a a newspaper.newspaper.reading reading used as theused as the adverbialadverbial过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别在于
37、在于:过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系,而现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系。而现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系。Seeing in this light,the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.Seen in this light,the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.提示提示1.爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2.据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完
38、成了他的工作。He is said _ _.3.根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _ _.To love and to be To love and to be lovedlovedto have finished/completedto have finished/completedhis workhis workII.Translation.II.Translation.to have arrived to have arrived safelysafely4.我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this
39、bike _5.我要去北京看我叔叔。我要去北京看我叔叔。I am going to Beijing _ my uncle.6.病人被警告术后不准吃油腻食物。病人被警告术后不准吃油腻食物。The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.to be repaired at onceto be repaired at onceto visit to visit not to eatnot to eat7._(请保持坐着请保持坐着)and keep your seat-belts _ (系好系好).8.To learn English we
40、ll,you should seek every opportunity to _(尽可能多尽可能多 地听别人讲英语地听别人讲英语).Please remain Please remain seatedseatedfastenefastened dspoken as much as you spoken as much as you cancanhear Englishhear English9.As we know,_(污染了污染了 的水的水)is harmful to peoples health.10._ (三年前建造的这座桥三年前建造的这座桥)has played an importa
41、nt part in this areas traffic.11.You should read newspapers every day to _ (使自己知道使自己知道)whats happening in the world.(inform)polluted polluted waterwaterThe bridge built three years The bridge built three years agoagomake yourself informed make yourself informed aboutabout12.The young teacher is very
42、 popular among her students for she always tries to _(使他们感兴使他们感兴 趣趣)her lectures.(get)13._(受伤的工人受伤的工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.(injure)14.She was glad _ _(看到她的孩子们受到很看到她的孩子们受到很 好的照顾好的照顾)in the nursery.(look after)get them interested get them interested in inThe injured workers
43、The injured workersto see her children to see her children wellwelllooked looked afterafter15.打孩子弊大于利。打孩子弊大于利。_ will do more harm than good.16.我建议去海边度假。我建议去海边度假。I _ on holiday.17.只抱怨不行动是无用的。只抱怨不行动是无用的。It is no use _ _.Beating a childBeating a childsuggest going to the seasidesuggest going to the sea
44、side complaining without complaining without taking actiontaking action18.在我们家里不容许吸烟。在我们家里不容许吸烟。We dont _.19.是该开始考虑你自己的未来了。是该开始考虑你自己的未来了。It is time to get down to _ _.20.菲尔公开承认犯了一个严重错误。菲尔公开承认犯了一个严重错误。Phil openly admitted _ _.21.与你交谈是一件开心的事。与你交谈是一件开心的事。It is a great pleasure _.allow smoking in our ho
45、useallow smoking in our house thinking thinking about your futureabout your future making a making a serious serious mistakemistaketalking with youtalking with you22.他的一个坏习惯就是吃饭时抽烟。他的一个坏习惯就是吃饭时抽烟。One of his bad habits is _ _.23.当心滚石！当心滚石！Watch out for the _.24.他的话立刻把学生们逗笑了。他的话立刻把学生们逗笑了。His words imm
46、ediately _ _.25.绝不要让孩子们自己在水边玩耍。绝不要让孩子们自己在水边玩耍。Never leave children _ _.smoking smoking while while having dinner having dinnerrolling stonesrolling stones set the set the students students laughing laughing playing near playing near water by themselveswater by themselvesI crossed the street _(avoid)
47、I crossed the street _(avoid)meeting him,but he saw me and came meeting him,but he saw me and came running towards me.It was no use running towards me.It was no use _(pretend)that I had not _(pretend)that I had not seen him,so I waved to him.I never seen him,so I waved to him.I never enjoy _(meet)en
48、joy _(meet)Nigel Dykes.He Nigel Dykes.He never has anything _(do).never has anything _(do).pretendingpretendingmeetingmeetingIII.阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当 内容（不多于内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单个单词）或括号内单 词的正确形式。词的正确形式。to avoidto avoidto doto doNo matter how busy you are,he No matter how busy you are,he always
49、 insists on _(come)with always insists on _(come)with you.I had to think of a way of you.I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me preventing him from following me around all morning.around all morning.Hello,Nigel,I said.Fancy meeting Hello,Nigel,I said.Fancy meeting you here!you h
50、ere!Hi,Elizabeth,Nigel answered.I was Hi,Elizabeth,Nigel answered.I was just wondering how to spend the just wondering how to spend the morning until I saw you.Youre not morning until I saw you.Youre not busy _(do)anything,are you?busy _(do)anything,are you?comingcomingdoingdoingNo,not at all,I answ
