1、Unit 5 Love is a FallacyFallacy:a false or mistaken ideaIt is a fallacy to suppose that riches always bring happiness.Love is a fallacy:1.There is a deceptive or delusive quality about love.2.Love is an error,a deception that does not fellow the principle of loveAbout the Author:Max Shulmanone of Am
2、ericas best-known humoristsLots of his novels were adapted to the screen.Best remembered for creating the popular character Dobie Gillis,a typical American teen who frequently suffered from romantic angst.The character appeared on a popular television sitcom during the 50s and was in a feature film
3、in 1953.His writing often focused on young people,particularly in a collegiate setting.Enterprising:energetic,initiativeIn a month of Sundays:in a long timeUnfetter:free from fetter,to set free or keep free from restrictions or bonds.Limp:drooping,having lost stiffness,rigidityFlaccid:Lacking firmne
4、ss and resilience,flabby spongy:soft and porous *Pedantic:Characterized by a narrow,often ostentatious concern for book learning and formal rules 迂腐的，乏味a pedantic attention to details.学究式地注意细枝末节a pedantic style of writing;学究式的写作风格；an academic insistence on precision;一种学院式的苛求精神；donnish refinement of
5、speech;学究式的雅语；scholastic and excessively subtle reasoning.学究式且过于机巧的推理 *Trauma:A painful emotional experience,wound or shock that creates substantial,lasting damage to the psychological development of a person,often leading to neurosis.Perspicacious:acutely perspective,having or showing penetrating m
6、ental discernment;clear-sightedAcute and astute:Having or showing shrewdness and discernment,especially with respect to ones own concerns.*Dynamo:generatorScale:standard in measurementImpressionable:Readily or easily influenced;suggestibleFaddist:a person who always follows fashion with crazeTo be s
7、wept up:be carried away失去自制力Acme:summit,the highest point,as of perfection.最高点，顶点 Cf acne*Appendicitis:inflammation of the vermiform appendix -itis:a suffix referring to some disease involving inflammationmeningitisbronchitis hepatitis appendicitis carditis gastritisrhinitis enteritistonsillitis(ost
8、eoporosis)thickly:indistinctly articulated;the thick speech of a drunkard.the thick tongues of the barbarians.Charleston:A fast ballroom dance in 4/4 time,popular during the 1920s.Shed:To lose a natural growth or covering by natural process.fall off,or drop outAll the leaves of my trees will shed in
9、 winter.I want to purchase the carpet that does not shed.unsightly:unpleasant or offensive to look at;unattractive.syn:homely,plain,ugly,unattractive-in the swim:conforming to the current fashioncovet:to feel blameworthy desire for sth which is anothers,want ardently,long for with envyproportions:sh
10、ape of the bodyPin-up proportions:a girl whose sexual appealness makes her picture pinned up on wallsmakings:the abilities or qualities needed for development:potentials He has the makings of a fine teacher.1.Dicto SimplicityCar is fast.Therefore every time we hang out,we should drive car.Dog is a p
11、et.Everyone likes it.Post education is beneficial.so everyone should at least get a bachelor degree.Japanese waged a war to Chinese,which had nothing to do with humanity but everything to do with aggression.Therefore every Japanese is guilty and should be condemned.2.Hasty GeneralizationA sports pro
12、gramme is interesting.An entertainment programme is interesting.A TV series is interesting.Therefore every TV programme is interesting.Tom is a prime student.Jane is a prime student.Jack is a prime student.All the students therefore in this class are prime students.I havent seen a UFO;Jason hasnt ei
13、ther;Ms Yan hasnt probably;so no UFO at all.3.Post HocDont sing this song.Every time you sing this song,the baby gets sick.I never drink purified water,each time I do Ill get diarrhea.He is very wealthy,so he must be healthy.His eyes are very big,so he must have good eyesight.4.Contradictory Premise
14、s 1.This is the mightiest sword which is able to shatter any shield,and that is the most indestructible shield which is capable of enduring any stroke.2.I think he is the invincible man in the world,and nothing is powerful enough to defeat him.But,of course,he has certain drawbacks that might cause
15、him lose.3.Anyone who wants to learn to drive must have a license,but if you want to get a license,you ought to pass the driving test.5.Ad Misericordiam1.“He was late to the class today.”“Because he was scolded by his mother yesterday.”2.Maybe he isnt qualified enough for this job,but think about hi
16、s relationships,his uncle is the mayor,and his father is the chairman of the company which has steady business relations with us.3.“Have you had lunch?”“I got up late this morning,and unfortunately I fell down from my bike when riding to school.”6.False Analogy1.Since we have moon cakes in the Moon
17、Festival,why dont we have spring cakes in the Spring Festival?2.Before the founding of the Peoples Republic,eating rotten vegetables and bran was so common to the people.So I dont think it is unbearable to eat the remains of the meal.7.Hypothesis Contrary to Fact1.If the gunpowder hadnt been invente
18、d,there wouldnt have been so many wars in the world.2.How could you have passed the exam what if I hadnt told you the answer in advance?8.Poisoning the Well1.Dont listen to any word from him,for he is most shameful cheating around the world.The defendant killed the victim cruelly,I suggest Lord sent
19、ence him guilty.1.Dicto Simplicity2.Hasty Generalization3.Post Hoc4.Contradictory Premises5.Ad Misericordiam6.False Analogy7.Hypothesis Contrary to Fact8.Poisoning the WellSummaryExercise1)People all over the world are peace-loving.(Dicto Simpliciter)2)His parents love him.His Miss Right loves him,t
20、oo.So,everybody he knows loves him.(Hasty Generalization)3)Dont eat eggs before an exam.I am flunked every time when I take an exam after eating an egg.(Post Hoc.)4)He decided to give up all his decisions.(Contradictory Premises)5)When the interviewer asks the job-hunter to make a brief self-introdu
21、ction,he replies that he has to find a job to afford his old parents and young children who are now suffering from hunger.(Ad Misericordiam)6)We can take books and food in the train,then shouldnt we take a bomb with us in the train?(False Analogy)7)If Chinese people had not overthrown the Kuomingtan
22、g Regime,we would not live a happy life today.(Hypothesis Contrary to Fact)8)When the new teacher asked Peter to answer the question,Tom rose to his feet and said:“Peter is a dunce,he knows nothing about what you are talking about.”(Poisoning the Well)9)All students in this university can speak English well.(Dicto Simpliciter)I will not go to the library any more,because every time I go there,it rains.(Post Hoc)
