1、Unit OneText I Two Words to Avoid,Two Words to Remember?I.Library Work?1.Manhattan,an island near the mouth of the Hudson River,is a borough of New York City,in southeastern New York State,U.S.A.Commercial and cultural heart of the city,Manhattan is the site of the Metropolitan Opera House,Carnegie
2、Hall,the City Center of Music and Drama,I.Library Work?and numerous other music institutions.Main museums and art galleries of Manhattan include the Metropolitan Museum of Art,and American Museum of Natural History,etc.Columbia University and New York University are also located here.Among other poi
3、nts ofI.Library Workinterest are the Rockefeller Center,the Empire State Building.?A psychiatrist is a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis,and treatment of mental illness.Generally,after completion of medical training,physicians take a three-year residency in psychiatry to become qual
4、ified?I.Library Workpsychiatrists.As psychiatry is an area of medicine,psychiatrists tend to view and conceptualize disordered behavior as types of mental illness.?Those who have mental illness,psychological and emotional disorders consult psychiatrists.?I.Library Work?Sigmund Freud/zikmunt froit/(1
5、856-1939)is an Austrian physician and the founder of psychoanalysis.Freud explored the workings of the human mind and developed psychoanalysis as a therapeutic technique to treat neurosis or mental disturbances.His idea of the unconscious mental processes and hisI.Library Work?theory that a principa
6、l cause of neurosis is the repression of painful memories into the unconscious hold a central place in psychology and psychiatry today.II.Organization of the TextI.Setting of the story(Paragraphs 1 3)?The instructive significance of the story(1)?Setting(2 3)?II.Development of the story(Paragraphs 4
7、31)?In the little French restaurant(4 8)?II.Organization of the Text In the Old Mans office(9 26)?Outside the office(27-31)?III.Denouement or conclusion(Paragraphs 32 33)?III.Key Points of the Text?Paragraph 1?rewarding:worth doing;satisfying?change for the better:improve something that already exis
8、ts or that has gone before 向着较好的情况转变；向着较好的情况转变；为了取得更好的结果为了取得更好的结果Paragraph 1E.g.:His health has changed for the better.他的健康状况已有好转。他的健康状况已有好转。?make alterations for the better in the design of a house 修改房屋的设计使之更修改房屋的设计使之更?趋完善趋完善Paragraph 1c.f.:change for the worse:make worse something that already exi
9、sts or that has gone before 向着较坏的情况转变，更不好向着较坏的情况转变，更不好?E.g.:He bought a new car but it turned out to be for the worse.他买了一辆新汽车，他买了一辆新汽车，?但结果比原来的还不好。但结果比原来的还不好。Paragraph 1?for better(or)for worse(或或 for better or worse):in both good and bad fortune;whether the result is good or bad 同甘共苦同甘共苦,祸福与共祸福与共;
10、不管是好不管是好是歹是歹,不论是祸是福不论是祸是福;不管结果怎样不管结果怎样Paragraph 1?E.g.:He has resolved to take her for better or for worse.不论是福是祸，他不论是福是祸，他决心娶她为妻。决心娶她为妻。?Most leave-taking-for better or worse-are temporary affairs.不管怎样，不管怎样，大多数的告别只是暂别。大多数的告别只是暂别。Paragraph 1Nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than the sud
11、den flash of light that leaves you a changed person-not only changed,but changed for the better:?The most inspiring and gratifying fact of life is the unexpected spark of enlightenment that makes you different and a better person than before.?Paragraph 1According to the author,how much did the sessi
12、on with his psychiatrist friend that afternoon mean to him?To him,the session was just like“a flash of insight that leaves him a changed person-not only changed,but changed for the better.”?Paragraph 2?wintry:of or like winter;cold,snowy(似似)冬天的；寒冷的；多雪的冬天的；寒冷的；多雪的?E.g.:a wintry smile 冷若冰雪的微笑冷若冰雪的微笑Pa
13、ragraph 2frustrated:feeling annoyed disappointment because of the prevention of the fulfillment of or defeat of someone or someones effort,hopes,etc.表示作出的某种努力受阻而失望或沮丧表示作出的某种努力受阻而失望或沮丧?E.g.:Im feeling rather frustratedin my present job;I need a change.?Paragraph 2?感到很失望；我终归还是去不成了。感到很失望；我终归还是去不成了。?dep
14、ressed:I feel frustrated;I cant go after all!我我sad;low in spirits 沮丧的；沮丧的；抑郁的；（意志）消沉的抑郁的；（意志）消沉的?E.g.:I feel really depressed today,nothing went right.今天我真倒霉，什今天我真倒霉，什么都不顺利。么都不顺利。Paragraph 2on ones part:made or done by one 某人某人所做的，某人有责任的；就某人而言，在某所做的，某人有责任的；就某人而言，在某人一方；代表某人人一方；代表某人?E.g.:I consider th
15、is a gross oversight on your part.我认为这是你的严重疏忽。我认为这是你的严重疏忽。?It was the lapse on the part of my wife.?这是我妻子出的差错。这是我妻子出的差错。Paragraph 2There are still some doubts on the part of the employers.雇主方面仍心存怀疑。雇主方面仍心存怀疑。?A frank question on his partled to a frank answer on mine.他问题提得直率，他问题提得直率，?因此我也回答得坦诚。因此我也回答
16、得坦诚。以及同事们表示感谢。以及同事们表示感谢。?He expressed appreciation on the part of himself and his colleagues.他代表自己他代表自己Paragraph 2fall through:fail to be successfully completed;come to nothing 失败，成为泡失败，成为泡影；不能践约，失约影；不能践约，失约?E.g.:To his disappointment,his plan to do further studies in the university fell through.?Pa
17、ragraph 2?I have made an appointment with him,but Im afraid hell fall through.我已和他我已和他约好会面，可是我怕他会失约。约好会面，可是我怕他会失约。hindsight:wisdom about an event after it has occurred 事后的觉悟；事后的聪明事后的觉悟；事后的聪明?E.g.:By hindsightI should have gone there earlier.事后想来，我应早些去那里。事后想来，我应早些去那里。?Paragraph 2?Hindsight is always
18、clearer than ones view at the time.事后看问题总要比当时看事后看问题总要比当时看得清楚。得清楚。?c.f.:foresight:the ability to imagine what will probably happen,allowing one to act to help or prevent developments;care or wise planning for the future 预见；先见之预见；先见之明明Paragraph 2chew the cud:think deeply before making a decision;think
19、 reflectively 深思，深思，反复思考反复思考?E.g.:He didnt reply immediately,but seemed rather to be chewing his cud.他他?没有立即回答，不过看上去在反复思考。没有立即回答，不过看上去在反复思考。Paragraph 2How were the author and the old man related?The old man was an eminent psychiatrist and the author was a client of his.?Paragraph 3?He came across th
20、e street,finally,muffled in his ancient overcoat,shapeless felt hat pulled down over his bald head,looking more like an energetic gnome than an eminent psychiatrist.Paragraph 3?At last he walked over from the other side of the street,wrapped in his old-fashioned overcoat,his bald head covered by a s
21、hapeless felt hat.He looked like a dwarfish old man full of energy rather than a well-known psychiatrist.Paragraph 3?gnome:(in legends)a little old man who lives underground and guards the earths treasures;a small ugly person守护神；土守护神；土地神地神;侏儒侏儒Paragraph 5perceptiveness:unusual ability to notice and
22、understand;awareness and understanding 观察敏锐；善于理解观察敏锐；善于理解?E.g.:We all admired his perceptiveness;he was always so quick to respond to a new situation.?proceed:begin a course of action?Paragraph 5?E.g.:After the preparations had been made,we proceeded to draft the plan.Paragraph 10?flat:with a broad
23、level surface and little depth 浅的浅的Paragraph 11berate:(formal)scold or criticize angrily because of a fault?E.g.:Dont berateanyone just because he has made a mistake.Dont we all make mistakes from time to time?go by:pass;elapse?Paragraph 11?The woman who spoke next had never married because of a sen
24、se of obligation to her widowed mother;she recalled bitterly all the marital chances she had let go by.Paragraph 11?The next speaker on the tape was a woman who had remained single because she thought she was obliged to take care of her mother who was a widow.She still remembered and told others mis
25、erably about all the chances of marriage she had missed.Paragraph 14woeful:regretful;full of woe,sad?E.g.:a woeful countenance(song)悲伤的悲伤的面容面容(歌曲歌曲)?a woeful spectacle 悲惨的景象悲惨的景象?woeful shortage of commodities 商品的商品的?可悲的匮乏可悲的匮乏?woeful ignorance 可悲的无知可悲的无知Paragraph 14?It was woeful to see him spoilin
26、g the painting.眼见他毁坏那幅油画真叫人惋惜。眼见他毁坏那幅油画真叫人惋惜。Paragraph 15?Why did the old man let the author listen to the three speakers on the tape?The three speakers on the tape were all unhappy,and the two words they all used frequently in what they said were“if only.”What the old man wanted to pointParagraph 1
27、5?out to the author was that to keep saying“if only”would not change anything;on the contrary,it only kept the person facing the wrong way-backward instead of forward.Thus it did more harm than good to the person who kept saying them.Paragraph 15In the end,if you let it become a habit,it can become
28、a real roadblock,an excuse for not trying any more.?Eventually,if you form a habit of saying“if only”,the phrase can really turn to an obstruction,providing you with an excuse for giving up trying anything at all.?Paragraph 16lament:feel or express great sorrow(for or because of something);complain
29、about 痛惜；抱怨痛惜；抱怨?E.g.:One should not lamentthe past mistakes,but should try to do better later.?lamentthis great loss 痛惜这巨大的损失痛惜这巨大的损失?Paragraph 16?lament ones folly(carelessness)悔恨悔恨自己的愚蠢（粗心）自己的愚蠢（粗心）Paragraph 18 you never got out of the past tense.Not once did you mention the future.?you are alway
30、s thinking of the past,regretting and lamenting.You did not look forward to what you can do in the future at all.?Paragraph 18?a perverse streak:an obstinate qualityperverse:stubbornly unreasonable 任性的，蛮任性的，蛮不讲理的不讲理的streak:long thin mark,line or band of a different substance or color from its surrou
31、ndings;element or trace(in a persons character)(与整体不同物质或颜色的与整体不同物质或颜色的)条纹，线条，条纹，线条，斑纹斑纹;(个性中的个性中的)些微特点或特征些微特点或特征Paragraph 18?E.g.:black with red streaks 带红条纹的黑带红条纹的黑色色?There were tear streaks down her face.她脸上有一条条泪痕。她脸上有一条条泪痕。?He has a stubborn streak.他生性有点儿他生性有点儿固执。固执。Paragraph 18?He had a petty bo
32、urgeois streakin him.他有点小资产阶级味道。他有点小资产阶级味道。?a streakof jealousy(vanity,cruelty)几几分妒忌（虚荣，残忍）分妒忌（虚荣，残忍）?have a jealous streak有点儿妒忌有点儿妒忌Paragraph 18hash over:(AmE informal)talk about something such as a difficulty in detail and at length 充分讨论；回顾充分讨论；回顾?E.g.:Hasnt the committee finished hashing over the
33、 question yet?I have something I want to hash overwith you.我有事要跟你好好谈谈。我有事要跟你好好谈谈。?Paragraph 18hash over the old days 追忆旧日追忆旧日?hash:chop(meat)into small pieces 把把(肉肉)切成小块切成小块;把把(肉肉)剁碎剁碎?Paragraph 19ruefully:regretfully;showing or feeling good-humored regret 表示或感到后悔的表示或感到后悔的(但很看得开但很看得开)?E.g.:He faced
34、his recent failure ruefully.?a ruefulsmile 抱憾的微笑抱憾的微笑?Paragraph 20?lift:a feeling of elation 鼓舞，振奋鼓舞，振奋E.g.:Winning the scholarship gave her a tremendous lift.她获得奖学金后受到了极大的鼓她获得奖学金后受到了极大的鼓舞。舞。?drag:(slang)a boring thing;nuisance 累赘的或累赘的或使人生厌的人或事物使人生厌的人或事物E.g.:Walking is drag-lets take the car.走路走路太费事
35、太费事-我们坐车吧。我们坐车吧。Paragraph 22?strike out(also strike through):remove by drawing a line through;cross outParagraph 24grim:harsh,unpleasant,dreadful?E.g.:He was depressed when he heard the grimnews that two-thirds of the workforce might be discharged.?Paragraph 25fanciful:using the imagination rather t
36、han reason;imagined rather than based on facts 空想的，想象的空想的，想象的?E.g.:a fancifultale 想象出来的故事想象出来的故事?a fancifulnotion 毫无根据的想法毫无根据的想法?a fancifulgirl 爱空想的女孩爱空想的女孩?Paragraphs 28-29“My,my,”said the Old Man slyly.“If only we had come down ten seconds sooner,wed have caught that cab,wouldnt we?”?I laughed and
37、 picked up the cue.“Next time Ill run faster.”?Paragraphs 28-29The Old Man said to me trickily,using the phrase“if only”on purpose,“If only wed got here ten seconds earlier,wed have caught the cab.”?I laughed and understood what he meant.So I followed his advice and said,“Next time Ill run faster.”?
38、Paragraphs 28-29Why did the Old Man say slyly?Find out the reason in the context.?What was the cue the author picked up?How did the author pick up the cue?Paragraphs 31take in ones stride:deal with(a situation,problem,etc.)calmly and without needing to make a special effort 一跨而过；一跨而过；轻易地解决轻易地解决(困难困难
39、)，毫不费力地做；从容处，毫不费力地做；从容处理理?E.g.:They tookthe emergency in their stride.他们泰然地处理了紧急情况。他们泰然地处理了紧急情况。?Paragraphs 31?Some people find retiring difficult,but he has taken it all in his stride.有人觉得有人觉得很难适应退休后的生活，但他却能安之若素。很难适应退休后的生活，但他却能安之若素。so to speak(say):one could say;as it were 可以说，可谓；恕我直言可以说，可谓；恕我直言?E.
40、g.:You are,so to speak,a fish out of water.你可以说是像离了水的鱼儿。你可以说是像离了水的鱼儿。?Paragraphs 31?Therefore I think we must,so to say,resort to more extreme measures.因此，因此，恕我直言，我认为我们必须采取更为激烈的恕我直言，我认为我们必须采取更为激烈的措施。措施。Paragraphs 32?to this day:even nowParagraphs 33to be sure:I can not deny that;admittedly 无可否认；诚然；固
41、然；必须承无可否认；诚然；固然；必须承认认?E.g.:He is clever,to be sure,but not very hard-working.他聪明是聪明，但不怎么勤他聪明是聪明，但不怎么勤?奋。奋。?He is young,to be sure,but experienced.他固然还年轻，但很有经验。他固然还年轻，但很有经验。IV.Exercise IV,Workbook 6scold,reprimand,rebuke,reproach,blame?scold:can often suggest an instance of reproof(责备责备)for misbehavi
42、or that is meted out by a superior,such as a parent or teacher 责骂；斥责责骂；斥责:?She scolded the child for being late for school.?IV.Exercise IV,Workbook 6?In this situation,the word may specifically imply a distinction between a verbal reproach and reprimands that actually involve some form of punishment
43、.Because of this,the word can sometimes suggest ineffectual attempts at discipline:IV.Exercise IV,Workbook 6She scolded her children frequently,but made no attempt to correct their unruly(不驯服的不驯服的)behavior.?Scoldcan even suggest continual nagging(唠叨不休唠叨不休)to no purpose,whether about serious faults o
44、r about trivialities;here,the relationship need not be between superior and inferior:?IV.Exercise IV,Workbook 6a woman who constantly scolded her husband about the low pay he earned.?reprimand:indicates a formal and,usually,public or official disapproval.It suggests a direct confrontation between th
45、e offender and his critic(正式而严厉地正式而严厉地)申斥，训诫申斥，训诫:?IV.Exercise IV,Workbook 6the judge who sharply reprimand ed a witness for being evasive and uncooperative.?The military court ordered him to be reprimand ed for failing to do his duty.军军?事法庭下达裁决令：他工作失职，应受训斥。事法庭下达裁决令：他工作失职，应受训斥。IV.Exercise IV,Workboo
46、k 6rebuke:is to criticize or call down(责骂责骂)with sharpness,and often with abruptness,usually in the midst of some action or course of action 指责，非难指责，非难:?to rebuke a worker whose clumsiness was responsible for the complete breakdown of operations in his department.?IV.Exercise IV,Workbook 6?The judge
47、 rebuked the police for their treatment of the prisoner.法官指责警察不法官指责警察不该那样对待犯人。该那样对待犯人。IV.Exercise IV,Workbook 6reproach:is to express the kind of disapproval that arises from a personal hurt,anger or grief at someones thoughtlessness or selfishness(难过和失难过和失望地望地)责备，指责责备，指责:?reproaching her husband fo
48、r having forgotten their wedding anniversary.?IV.Exercise IV,Workbook 6blame:consider(someone or something)responsible for(something bad)责怪，怪罪，把责怪，怪罪，把归咎于归咎于:?They blamed the failure of the talks on the Russians.他们把会谈的失败归咎于俄他们把会谈的失败归咎于俄?国人。国人。?find fault with 找找的差错；责备；责难：的差错；责备；责难：IV.Exercise IV,Wor
49、kbook 6?Critics blamethe documentary for its one-sided presentation of the situation.评论家指责那部纪录片片面地反映了当时的评论家指责那部纪录片片面地反映了当时的事态。事态。Text II The Romance of Words?I.Organization of the Text?1.Authors appeal to be conscious about the living words(Paragraphs 1-3)?2.Analogies of the living words(Paragraphs
50、4-18)I.Organization of the TextA.The roots of words-the origin of words(6-11)?B.The branches of words-word families(12-15)?C.The leaves of words-words and their meanings(16-18)?3.Summary(Paragraphs 19-21)?II.Key Points of the Text?Paragraph 1?inordinate:excessive;extreme;beyond reasonable limits?E.g
