1、Key to ExercisesChapter 1 Language Views and Language Learning TheoriesExercise 2 Views on languageNature of languageTarget of language learningTeaching focusThe structural viewA structural and linguistic system of forms or elementsTo master those elements including phonological units, grammatical u
2、nits, grammatical operations, and lexical itemsLinguistic patternsThe functional viewAn instrument to fulfill communicative functions in social interactionTo know how to use the language to perform functionsCommunicative functions of language and learners communicative competenceThe interactional vi
3、ewA tool to create and maintain social relationsTo grasp the patterns and rules of acts, negotiation, and interaction in communicationThe interactional dimension of languageExercise 3 Theories of language learningKey notionsBehaviorist theory of language learning Language is a set of habits that can
4、 be acquired through a process of conditioning;Emphasis should be put on language input, reinforcement, and habit formation. Cognitive theory of language learningLanguage is an internalized system of rules rather than a form of behavior; To acquire a language is mainly about learning the system of g
5、rammatical rules.Constructivist theory of language learningLearners construct meaning based on what they already know and their experiences.Sociocultural theory of language learningIndividuals use physical or symbolic tools to mediate language acquisition;A key notion in sociocultural theory is “Zone of Proximal Development”.
