1、(非)限制性定语从句-巩固提升-(3)一、定语从句的定义：一、定语从句的定义：用来修饰用来修饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句叫定语从的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行先行词词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由）。定语从句一般是由关关系代词系代词或或关系副词关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。形容词的作用。eg:1.Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning?2.The day is not far off when we will ma
2、ke a trip to Britain.定语从句归纳总结定语从句归纳总结二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、充当成分、充当成分2、替代作用、替代作用3、连接作用、连接作用eg:1.Those who want to go please sign your names here.2.This is the house where he was born.3.Bill,who was here yesterday,asked me a lot of questions.三、关系副词三、关系副词when,where,why的用法的用法 关系副词与介词关系副词与介词+关系
3、代词的转换关系代词的转换When=in/at/on/+which;Where=in/at/on/+which;Why=for+which 1.Do you still remember the day when(on which)we went to visit the museum together?2.This is the factory where(in which)my father once worked.3.This is the reason why(for which)he was late.1.Look at the girl _ is singing so beautif
4、ully.2.Do you know the woman to _ our teacher is talking?3.Jim is the boy _ hat is red.4.He gave me a pen _ he bought last week.5.Mary has read all the books _ I lent her.who/thatwhomwhosethat/whichthat 关系代词在定语从句中代替先行词关系代词在定语从句中代替先行词 做主语、宾语、表语或定语。先行词做主做主语、宾语、表语或定语。先行词做主 宾表宾表,是人时用是人时用 _,_ 或或 _；是物时用是物
5、时用 _ 或或 _。先行词作定。先行词作定 语语,表示表示“的的”时时,用用 _。6.Is it the reason _ you were late?7.October 1st is the date _ China celebrates its National Day.8.We walked in a garden _ many trees and flowers had been planted.9.This is the island _ I lived for two years.10.2001-2005 are the years _ I studied in the unive
6、rsity.whywhenwherewherewhen 关系副词在定语从句中代替先行关系副词在定语从句中代替先行 词做状语。先行词作原因状语时用词做状语。先行词作原因状语时用 _；作地点状语时用；作地点状语时用 _；作时间状语时作时间状语时,用用 _。whywherewhen11.He is the man _ _ you can believe.12.He gave me some books _ _ I am not very familiar.13.This is the reason _ _ he was late.14.I will never go to the restauran
7、t again _ _ I was treated badly.15.2008 is the year _ _ the Olympic Games were held in Beijing.in whomwith whichfor whichat whichin which “介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,介词的选择要看与定语从句中介词的选择要看与定语从句中_,_的搭配的搭配,以及与以及与_的搭配。的搭配。介词后的关系代词只能是介词后的关系代词只能是_ 或或_先行词先行词动词动词形容词形容词whomwhich*限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性
8、定语从句 1限制性定语从句是限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。如：如：a)What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there?站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?b)Toronto is a city(that)I
9、 ve always wanted to visit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。2.非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是是对先行词作些附加的说明对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般开，一般不用不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，引导。非限制性定语从句中，关关系词不可省略系词不可省略。如：。如：a)Rome,which is the capital of Italy,has a very long
10、history.意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。b)Yesterday I met Professor King,who came from the University of London.昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。c)He lent me a dictionary,which was just what I needed.他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别不用逗号不用逗号“，”与与主句隔开。主句隔开。用逗号
11、用逗号“，”与与主句隔开。主句隔开。是先行词不可缺少的是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表则失去意义或意思表达不完整。达不完整。只是对先行词的补只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整主句仍能表达完整的意思。的意思。通常译成主通常译成主句的并列句句的并列句译成先行词的定译成先行词的定语：语：“的的”限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别4.不用不用why,只用只用 for which 一、非限制性定语从句通常不能用一、非限制性定语从句通常不能用that 引导。引导。1.I like the boo
12、k,which was bought yesterday.我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。2.I like the book which/that was bought yesterday.我喜欢昨天买的那本书。我喜欢昨天买的那本书。二、在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关二、在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关 系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom;不能用不能用who替换，也不能省略。替换，也不能省略。1.Do you know Tom,whom we talked about?你认识汤姆吗你认识汤姆吗?我们谈到过他。我们谈到过他。2.This book,
13、which you can get at any bookshop,will give you all the information you need.这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。它在任何一家书店都能买到。(非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略。宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略。)三、非限制性定语从句不能用三、非限制性定语从句不能用why引导引导,要用要用for which代替代替why。1.I had told them the reason,for which
14、 I didnt attend the meeting.我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有 去开会。去开会。2.I had told them the reason why/for which I didnt attend the meeting.我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。(限制性定语从句限制性定语从句“the reason why.”是是常见搭配。常见搭配。)四四.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，往为某一个词或短语，而非限制性定语从句的先行而非限制性定语从句
15、的先行词可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由词可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which/aswhich/as引导。引导。eg.A middle-aged woman killed her husband,eg.A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这
16、整个一件事，因此先行词为整个子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由主句，此时应由whichwhich引导定语从句。引导定语从句。John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.which1.He missed the show,which was a great pity.2.He invited me to dinner,which made me happy.3.As everyone knows,China is a country with a long history.正如大家所知，中
17、国是正如大家所知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。一个有着悠久历史的国家。4.She is a teacher,as is clear from her manner.她是位教师，这一点从她的举止可以她是位教师，这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。清楚地看出。A.非限制性定从中非限制性定从中 which/as可指整个主句的意思；可指整个主句的意思；但但as引导的定从可位于引导的定从可位于句首或句中句首或句中，which却不可以却不可以位于句首；位于句首；B.which/as可指整个主句，常翻译成可指整个主句，常翻译成“这件事这件事”，as还可有还可有“正如正如”的意思的意思；C.as位于位于句中时后
18、的谓语必须是系动词句中时后的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用关系代词只能用which。D.若定从的先行词有若定从的先行词有the same,such或被或被其修饰则用其修饰则用as；e.g.Many of the sports are the same as they were when they started.Such books as you bought are useful.There are such good books that I like them very much.E.另如：另如：as is known to all,as
19、 you know(suchthat是状从是状从)Practice1.Alice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as a surprise.2.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.3._ is expected,the England team won the football match.Aswhich/aswhich4.It rained hard yesterday,_ prevented me from going to t
20、he park.5._ we can see,the smoke came from the little dustbin.whichAsNow lets do some exercie!By serving others,a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,_ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.A.who B.which C.what D.that Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,_
21、,of course,made the others envy(嫉妒嫉妒)him.(2014天津天津)A.who B.that C.what D.which Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much.A.it B.that C.when D.which在在 all/some/one/both/neither/none/any/either/any of which/whom。1.I am doing different types of exercises,all of _are qu
22、ite helpful to my health.2.Many people,some of _are not overweight,are going on diets.3.There are 54 students in my class,three of _come from US.介词介词+关系代词关系代词whichwhomwhom Last week，only two people came to look at the house，_ wanted to buy it.A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of
23、 whom The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_ are sold abroad.A.of which B.which of C.of them D.of that It is reported that two schools,_ are being built in my hometown，will open next year.A.they both B.which both C.both of them D.both of which The English play _ my studen
24、ts acted at the New Years party was a great success.(2014全国 改编)A.for which B.at which C.in which D.on whichThere were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A.where B.which C.when D.that I have many friends,some _ are businessmen.A.A.why B.from which C.who of D.of whom Great changes h
25、ave taken place in that school.It is no longer what it was 20 years ago,_ it was so poorly equipped.A.when B.which C.what D.that Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.（2015浙江）A.which B.that C.this D.it1.Yesterday Mr.Li finally bought his own house,_ is a hospital.A.in where
26、 B.to the east of which C.to the east of it D.in the east of that 2.My brothers purse,_ he put￥1,000,was missing on the bus.A.there B.which C.in which D.that 单选单选3.The football match _ the students competed yesterday was very wonderful.A.in which B.which C.in that D.that4.The reason _ he was late ag
27、ain was that he was caught in a traffic jam in the rush hour.A.which B.in which C.for which D.of which 5.His glasses,_ he could see nothing,was taken away by a naughty boy.A.which B.without which C.with which D.without those 6.The computer,_ he paid￥3,000,was once owned by his uncle.A.which B.for wh
28、ich C.that D.to that 7.Mary has two brothers,_ are doctors.A.both of they B.both of whom C.both of them D.whom of both 8.The problem _ you argued about yesterday has been solved.A.that B.what C.why D.for which 9.On the way home I met my friend John,from _ home the thief had stolen a computer.A.whom B.which C.that D.whose 10.At last we found the hole in the wall _ the mouse got into the house last night.A.in which B.which C.through which D.by which
