1、 We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句 一一 什么什么 是宾语从句?是宾语从句?试比较二、宾语从句三要素:二、宾语从句三要素:连连 接接 词词时时 态态语语 序序一、一、宾语从句连接词宾语从句连接词:1.陈述句2.一般疑问句3.特殊疑问句that if/whether原有的连接代词原有的连接代词和连接副词和连接副词1.I hear(that)_.2.He said(t
2、hat)_.3.The teacher told us(that)_ _.he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注:注:that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不充在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不充当成分,在口语当中往往省略。当成分,在口语当中往往省略。around the sunObject clauses with that.if和和whether引导宾语从句时,作引导宾语从句时,作“是否是否”讲,讲,一般情况下,二者没有区别,可以换用。但一般情况下,二者没有区别,可
3、以换用。但if常用常用于口语中,于口语中,whether比较正式。如:比较正式。如:Millie asked 是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。The fisherman wants to know 天是否会下雨。天是否会下雨。I dont know whether 他明天是否来。他明天是否来。Object clauses with if and whether由由if/whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句if/whether he liked this sweater.if/whether it will rain.or not he will come tomorrow .注意
4、:注意:宾语从句与宾语从句与or not直接连用时,应用直接连用时,应用whether,不能,不能用用if。.if和和whether的区别的区别二者在下列几种情况下不能换用:二者在下列几种情况下不能换用:1.宾语从句置于句首表示强调时,应用宾语从句置于句首表示强调时,应用whether,不用,不用if。如:。如:Whether this is true or not,I cant say.这是否对,我不能说。这是否对,我不能说。2.如:如:I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否来。我不知道他明天是否来。3.与动词不定
5、式连用时,只能用与动词不定式连用时,只能用whether。如:。如:She cant decide whether to go to America.她不能决定是否去美国。她不能决定是否去美国。4.从句作介词宾语时,只能用从句作介词宾语时,只能用whether。如:。如:I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.我担心是否伤了她的感情。我担心是否伤了她的感情。5.宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时,只能用宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时,只能用if,不能用,不能用whether。如:。如:Tom wants to know if he wont come he
6、re tomorrow.汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。6.if意为意为“假如,如果假如,如果”时,可以引导条件状时,可以引导条件状语从句,而语从句,而whether没有这个用法。如:没有这个用法。如:If Simon comes here tomorrow,Ill call you.假如西蒙明天来这儿,我将打电话告诉你。假如西蒙明天来这儿,我将打电话告诉你。.由疑问代词由疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,which和疑问和疑问副词副词when,where,why,how引导宾语从句时引导宾语从句时,这些疑这些疑问词既问词既有词义有词义又在从句中又在从
7、句中充当句子成分充当句子成分。如:如:1.Do you know who the man is?(谁,作宾语)谁,作宾语)2.He asked whose book it is.(谁的,作定语)谁的,作定语)3.Can you tell me how I can get to the hotel?(怎样,作状语)怎样,作状语)Object clauses with special question由特殊疑问句由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句二、宾语从句语序:二、宾语从句语序:无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,从句必无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,从句必须使用陈述语序。须使用陈述语序。即:即:主句
8、主句 +连接词连接词 +主语主语 +谓语谓语 +其他其他.e.g.1.I think that he will come to China next year.2.I want to know if he was at home yesterday.3.Can you tell me where your mother works?三、宾语从句时态三、宾语从句时态v(一)当主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。即,从句可用所需的任何时态。v如:vI dont think(that)you are right.vPlease tell us where he is.vCan
9、you tell me how I can get to the railway station?v2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时),使主从句时态一致。ve.g.vHe asked what time it was.vHe told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.vHe asked if you had written to Peterv3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时,不受主句时态的限制。例如:vOur teacher said t
10、hat January is the first month of the year.学以致用:中考链接学以致用:中考链接3.Our physics teacher told us light _ faster than sound.(2013 黔东南黔东南)A.travels B.traveled C.traveling D.to travelA1.Mike said that he _to America.A.has never been B.has never gone C.had never been D.had never gone2.Do you know _to the meeting?A.why doesnt she come B.why she hasnt come C.why didnt she come D.why she hasnt came CB本课小结本课小结