1、生活中的例子后悔的事后悔的事想得到而得不到的东西想做而不能做的事情If I had studied harder,I could have enrolled in a better university.How I wish I could have a beautiful house!If I could/were to visit some foreign countries,I would be very happy.虚 拟 语 气表示说话人的主观愿望和假设、猜测、建议、可能或空想等。If there were no gravity,we should not be able to wa
2、lk.（事实上重力客观存在）I wish I knew French.(事实上“我”不懂法语)He suggested that we(should)come another day.(建议)wishwish引导的虚拟句引导的虚拟句I wish I _(be)as tall as you.wereI wish/wished I _(eat)so much watermelon yesterday.hadnt eatenI wish I reI wish I rememberedmembered the address the address.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是记得地址
3、就好了。（真可惜我忘了）How I wish he How I wish he had not lefthad not left.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）I wish it I wish it would rainwould rain tomorrow.tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatHow I wishIf onlydid/were 现在现在had done 过去过去would/might/could do 将来将来1.Sometimes I
4、 wish I _ in a different time and a different place.a.be living b.were living c.would live d.would have lived2.Jack wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university.a.had studied b.study c.studied d.had been studyingBAif if引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句 If I have time,I will help you with th
5、is work.If I had time,I would help you with this work.Tell the difference如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。可惜我没有时间。表示允诺，应该会有时间表示遗憾，肯定没有时间条件句条件句 例句例句1.If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.2.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。了。(与与过去过去事实相反事实相反)3.2.If it were sunny tomorrow,I would come to see y
6、ou.4.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与与将来将来事实可能相反事实可能相反)5.3.If I were you,I would go at once.6.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与与现现在在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在在if 条件从句中条件从句中主从句的谓语形式主从句的谓语形式时间时间If 从句的谓语形式从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去将来将来did/werehad donewould/could/should/might+V.(原原)would/
7、could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.should do3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.(原原)虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是是时态往后推移时态往后推移。“后退一步法后退一步法”如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。If it had rained last night（过去）,it would be very cold today（现在）.混合条件句混合条件句 错综时间的虚拟句错综时间的虚拟句有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条
8、件句叫做混合条件句。如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.9.(2009日照二次调研日照二次调研)“If I taking drugs,I would be a successful businessman now,”said the dying heroin addict.A.didnt start B.havent started C.hadnt startedD.shouldnt start解析解析 考查虚拟语气。此题是一个
9、混合虚拟语气考查虚拟语气。此题是一个混合虚拟语气 句，从句是对过去事情的虚拟，应用过去完成句，从句是对过去事情的虚拟，应用过去完成 时，主句指说话时可能产生的结果。时，主句指说话时可能产生的结果。C 1.如果过去天气好的话，现在庄稼长得更好了如果过去天气好的话，现在庄稼长得更好了 If the weather _finer,the crops _still better.2.如果你听了老师的建议的话，你现在就不会在医如果你听了老师的建议的话，你现在就不会在医院里了院里了 If you _ the teachers advice,you _ in the hospital.3.如果你身体状况好一
10、些的话，我们本可能会让如果你身体状况好一些的话，我们本可能会让你去帮助他们工作的你去帮助他们工作的 If you in better health,we _ you to go there to help their work.had beencould have allowedwould be growinghad followedwouldnt bewere虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.2.A.would have missed B.had missed3.C.would miss D.missed4.2.If I
11、had known you were coming,I _ you at the airport.5.A.had met B.met6.C.would meet D.would have metMore ExercisesAD虚拟语气虚拟语气3.If only I _ to my parents!(But I didnt.)A.listened B.had listened C.should listen D.would listen4.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A.sell B.sold C.shall sell D.would sell5.I w
12、ish this bus _ to the university.A.go B.went C.has gone D.had goneBAB6.Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱),though his parents feed him very well.A.get B.getting C.got D.should get7.He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A.had been B.were C.was D.been8.I _ you some money
13、,but I hadnt got any then.A.would lend B.would have lent C.could lend D.may have lentCAB9.Have you ever been to Beijing?-No,but I wish I _.A.have B.will C.do D.had10.I dont think it is the right time that you _.A.will go B.went C.go D.must go11.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as
14、 if it.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been brokenDBC PracticeFinish a writing passage,according to the Chinese given.JimJim刚刚做完左腿手术而被告诉一个月不能走刚刚做完左腿手术而被告诉一个月不能走动。他后悔如果前一天晚上没有玩电脑游戏，今动。他后悔如果前一天晚上没有玩电脑游戏，今天早晨就可以早点儿起床，也就不会因为怕迟到天早晨就可以早点儿起床，也就不会因为怕迟到而撞倒致使自己住院了而撞倒致使自己住院了。妈妈也因为儿子没有按妈妈也因为儿子没有按时睡觉而在
15、责备他。同时时睡觉而在责备他。同时JimJim也在遗憾下周的运动也在遗憾下周的运动会不能参加了，预想的会不能参加了，预想的400400米冠军也不能得到了。米冠军也不能得到了。PracticeComplete the following passage with the verbs in brackets,using the Subjunctive Mood.Jim has just had an operation on his leg.He was told he would have to stay in bed for at least three months.Now he regre
16、ts what he did:The accident would not have happened if he had not been so foolish.He (not wake up)so late that morning if he _(not stay up)late the night before playing computer games.wouldnt have woken uphadnt stayed up Jims mother agreed:”If my son _(get up)half an hour earlier,he _(not ride)his b
17、ike so crazily.”Jims mother blamed Jim in front of the doctor,”If he _ _(follow)advice and gone to bed earlier,he _(spend)more time on his way to school and he _(not hit)a tree by the street.”had got upwouldnt have riddenhadfollowedcould have spentwouldt have hit “Yes,indeed,Mum”answered Jim in a lo
18、w voice.“But you know if I _(not notice)the little girl crossing the street all of a sudden,I_(knock)her down.My leg_(not injure),and instead of me the girl _(take)to hospital.hadnt noticedwould have knockedwouldhave been injuredwould have been taken Lying in bed,Jim kept on saying“How I wish I_(be)
19、more careful,Mum!”It was true that if this accident had not happened,Jim _(find)himself sitting in the classroom enjoying his class.And it _(be)possible even for him to win the 400-meter race in the sports competition if he _(join)them the next week.had beenwould foundwould becould joinso that 与与in
20、order that 二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用may/might/can/could/etc.+动词原形动词原形 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it.She listened carefully in order that she minght discover exactly what he wanted.He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss
21、the train.9.用用“may+动词原形动词原形”表示祝愿，表示祝愿，但愿，此时但愿，此时may须置于句首须置于句首 May good luck be yours!祝你好运！祝你好运！May you be happy!祝你快乐！祝你快乐！May you do even better!祝你取得更祝你取得更大成就大成就 Long live the people!人民万岁！人民万岁！“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！愿上帝保佑你！”非真实条件句中的条件从非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这
22、种句子叫在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况句大体有三种情况:1.条件暗含在短语中。如：条件暗含在短语中。如：W hat would I have done without you?(条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语without you中中)It would be easier to do it this way.(条件暗含在不定式短语条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中中)But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.(暗含条件是暗含条件是b
23、ut for your help)This same thing,happening in wartime,would lead to a disaster.(条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中中)He must have the strength of a hippopotamus,or he never could have vanquished that great beast.(暗含条件是连词暗含条件是连词or)Alone,he would have been terrified.(暗含条件是暗含条件是alone)2.条件暗含在上下文中。如：
24、条件暗含在上下文中。如：You might stay here forever.(可能暗含可能暗含if you wanted to)We would have succeeded.(可能暗含可能暗含if we had kept trying)Your reputation would be ruined.(可能暗含可能暗含if you should accept it)I would appreciate a little of your time.(可能暗含可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)3.在不少情况下
25、，虚拟式已变成习惯说在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：如：You wouldnt know.你不会知道。你不会知道。I would like to come.我愿意来。我愿意来。I wouldnt have dreamed of it.这是我做梦也不会想到的。这是我做梦也不会想到的。He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness.他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样见一样
