1、【 精品教育资源文库】Unit 2 The United Kingdom 单元加餐练.阅读理解AThe British live on a small island. They are surrounded by the sea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role in their lives. After the development of large, oceangoing sailing ships in the fifteenth century,the sea beca
2、me even more important to the countrys development. Ships setting sail from England determined to extend Britains territories, its wealth and its knowledge of the world. Ships returned to England bringing goods, people and new ideas from foreign places. By the nineteenth century, Britain had the lar
3、gest, most powerful navy in the world.The great sailing ships were so much a part of British life that they even affected the language. Many English expressions we use today were originally nautical (航海的)terms,although most people no longer realize this. For example, people commonly describe an hone
4、st and fair business deal as being “above board”.This expression was originally used in sailing ship times when secretive, dishonest ships business would be carried out below decks ( i. e. below the boards) out of public view. On the other hand, honest business was always conducted on deck (above th
5、e boards), in the open where everyone could see what was going on.“Pipe down！” ， meaning “Be quiet！” ， is another common expression that has nautical origins. The ships boatswain (水手长)would blow a whistle,or pipe, at the end of the day to indicate (表明 )to the sailors it was time to quieten down and
6、go to sleep.Most native English speakers have heard the expression “not enough room to swing a cat”， but few know that the “cat” does not refer to a small furry animal with four legs and a tail.The “cat”is actually a short form of “cat of nine tails”a whip with nine, knotted(打结的) tails.A boatswain n
7、eeded a lot of space in order to swing the whip properly when lashing (鞭打)a poor sailorunder hiscontrol!篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。英国作为一个岛国，四周被海洋环绕，因此海洋在英国人的生活中发挥着重要作用。英国曾有着很强大的海军，一直以来，水手们经常使用的一些航海术语丰富并影响着英语语言。1The British have been strongly influenced by the sea because _ .Athey occupied more land around the wo
8、rldBthey got more wealth from the seaCthey live on an island surrounded by the sea【 精品教育资源文库】Dthey had the largest navy ever答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“They are surrounded by the sea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role in their lives.”可知，英国被海洋包围，所以海洋对英国人的生活影响很大。2If som
9、eone is open and above board, it means he is_ .Asecretive BhonestCcheerful Ddishonest答案：B 细节理解题。结合第二段的“people commonly describe an honest and fair business deal as being above board”可知，选 B项。3Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?ASailors need to go to sleep when they hear a whistle
10、.BSailors will be whipped if they do business below decks.CA poor sailor may be whipped nine times a day. DThere is no spare room to raise cats on ships. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The ships boatswain (水手长) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at the end of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to
11、quieten down and go to sleep.”可知，当听到哨声，水手们要去睡觉。所以选 A项。4The passage is mainly about _ .Athe business on British sailing shipsBthe influence of British sailors language on EnglishCthe sailing history of EnglandDthe sailing story of British sailors答案：B 主旨大意题。本文主要通过介绍英国是一个受到海洋影响的国家引入主题，即水手们在航行的时候使用的一些航海
12、术语对英语这门语言产生了深远的影响。因此 B项符合题意。BA threemilelong fishhookshaped piece of land in the middle of Chesapeake Bay, Tangier Island has always been a community set apart from the mainland.These days, the islands 500plus residents, who mostly use golf cars as transportation on the villages narrow roads and who
13、 dont allow the public consumption of alcohol, have managed to preserve their traditional culture. Probably the most striking example of their heritage is the islanders unique way of speaking.David L. Shores, a linguist (语言学家) who was born on Tangier Island, has found out the reason why the speech o
14、f Tangier Island strikes outsiders as strange. According to Shores, the islanders pronounce their vowels louder and longer, 【 精品教育资源文库】which causes common words to sound different when spoken by Tangier natives.Some scholars have said the natives of Tangier speak an old form of English that goes ba
15、ck to the time of Queen F. Elizabeth I.Shores doesnt buy into that theory. “Its not Elizabethan English by any means， ” he says. “I doubt if anyone could trace it to that, because the variety of English at that time was great.”Bruce Gordy, a Tangier native and a former teacher at the islands only sc
16、hool, has made a list of 350 strange expressions and words that he says are used and undertook only by the islanders. But Gordy doesnt think its the strange vocabulary that puzzles outsiders most when hearing Tangier residents speak.“I think what confuses them is the fact that we are talking backwar
17、ds a lot， ” he says. He offers an example. “If somebodys stupid, you know what I say？” Gordy says. “Im saying hes smart, but the way I say it makes everyone know Im emphasizing hes stupid. Both Gordy and Shores believe Tangiers isolation (孤立) has led to the islanders unusual way of speaking.” Now, t
18、he economy of Tangier Island is moving away from its tradition of crabbing and fishing as the number of crabs and oysters in the bay declines.More residents are finding work on tugboats (拖船) or looking for jobs on the mainland.“Of course the sons and daughters went with their dad out crabbing. You d
19、ont go with your dad on the tugboat. Thats not going to preserve Tangier culture， ” Gordy says.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。Tangier Island岛上的岛民的发音系统特殊，导致说话的方式独特，造就了他们特有的传统文化。现在随着岛上经济的发展，岛民的子孙纷纷离开了岛屿到大陆寻找工作，这给 Tangier Island的语言带来了冲击，也给该岛独特的传统文化带来了挑战。5According to the text, Tangier Island _ .Ahas been discovered re
20、centlyBis a fast developing XPillageCis a land of golf loversDhas a small population答案：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These days, the islands 500plus residents,.”可知，这个岛上有 500多个居民，人口很少。故选 D项。6In Shores opinion, the language the islanders speak _ .Acant be called English in fact Bis unique in its pronunciation syste
21、m 【 精品教育资源文库】Ccan never be understood by outsiders Dshares some similarities with Elizabethan English答案：B 细节理解题。根据第五段“According to Shores, the islanders pronounce their vowels louder and longer, which causes common words to sound different when spoken by Tangier natives.”可知，在 Shores看来，发音体系导致了这些岛民拥有
22、独特的语言。故选 B项。7Whats Gordys attitude towards the preservation of Tangier culture?AConfident. BSatisfied.CConcerned. DAngry.答案：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段 Gordy所说的话可知，Gordy 认为，现在岛上的经济发展了，岛民们纷纷在大陆找工作谋生，这无益于保护岛民的独特语言和文化，他对此很担忧。所以选 C项。.七选五American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name. In the ea
23、stern part of their range, most of these bears have shiny black fur, but in the west they grow brown, red, or even yellow coats. _1_ Even in the same litter (一窝幼崽), both brown and black furred bears may be born.Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six feet, weighing from three hundredto five hundred pounds.
