1、非谓语动词一、定义一、定义 不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制,无时态与语态变化,又称非限定性动词。制,无时态与语态变化,又称非限定性动词。二、形式二、形式1.动词不定式(动词不定式(to do sth.)2.动名词(动名词(v.-ing)现在分词(现在分词(v.-ing)3.分词分词 过去分词(过去分词(v.-ed或不规则变化)或不规则变化)考点一考点一 动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语,我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状
2、语的足语,我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。用法。功能例句说明主语To swim here is dangerous.在这儿游泳是危险的。动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语表语My job is to look after my sister.我的工作是照看我妹妹。多数情况下,动词不定式作表语,可转换为作主语功能例句说明宾语I want to be an actor.我想成为一名演员。只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语宾语补足语She asked me to speak English.她要求我说英语。在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动
3、词后,不定式省略to定语Do you have anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面状语I come here to see you.我来这里是为了见你。不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致此外,不定式可以与疑问词连用此外,不定式可以与疑问词连用,用作主语、宾语、表语等。用作主语、宾语、表语等。I cant decide which one to buy.我不能决定该买哪一件。(作宾语)我不能决定该买哪一件。(作宾语)When to start hasnt been discussed.什么时候开始还没有被讨论。(作主语)什么时候开始还没有被讨
4、论。(作主语)【温馨提示温馨提示】(1)help后接不定式时可以省略后接不定式时可以省略to;(2)有些动词后接不定式时通常省略有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to:feel,hear,see,watch,notice,let,make,have(简记为一感一听三看三让)。(简记为一感一听三看三让)。上述动词变为被动语态后,其后的不定式必须补上上述动词变为被动语态后,其后的不定式必须补上“to”。Tom helped his brother(to)learn to swim.汤姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。汤姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。变为被动语态:变为被动语态:His brother was helped t
5、o learn to swim by Tom.We often hear Jack sing English songs.我们常听见杰克唱英文歌。我们常听见杰克唱英文歌。变为被动语态:变为被动语态:Jack is often heard to sing English songs.【巧学妙记巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词只能跟不定式作宾语的动词决心学会有希望(决心学会有希望(decide,determine,learn,wish,hope),同意计划莫假装同意计划莫假装(agree,plan,pretend),胆敢拒绝会失败(胆敢拒绝会失败(dare,refuse,fail),准备设法来帮
6、忙准备设法来帮忙(prepare,try,manage,help),提供请求负担起提供请求负担起(offer,beg,demand,afford),答应安排理应当(答应安排理应当(promise,arrange,be supposed),以上后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘。以上后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘。考点二考点二 动名词动名词 动名词相当于名词、形容词。可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。动名词相当于名词、形容词。可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃太多对你的健康有害处。谓语动词用单数宾语I like playin
7、g basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。表示习惯性的动作Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是用来寄信的。功能例句说明表语His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语定语Bill is in the reading room.比尔在阅览室里。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等【巧学妙记巧学妙记】喜欢(喜欢(enjoy)不断不断(keep)提建议(提建议(suggest)盼望盼望(look forward to)习惯习惯(be used to)却完毕却完毕(finis
8、h)想要想要(feel like)花费花费(spend)去练习去练习(practice)忍俊不禁忍俊不禁(cant help)还介意还介意(mind)后接动词后接动词-ingMy grandfather kept telling jokes and I couldnt help laughing.爷爷不停地讲笑话,我忍不住笑了。爷爷不停地讲笑话,我忍不住笑了。【温馨提示温馨提示】部分动词既可接动名词作宾语,又可接不定式作宾语,两者意部分动词既可接动名词作宾语,又可接不定式作宾语,两者意义区别较大。义区别较大。remember doing sth.记得做过某事记得做过某事remember to
9、do sth.记得去做某事(未做)记得去做某事(未做)forget doing sth.忘了做过某事忘了做过某事forget to do sth.忘了去做某事(未做)忘了去做某事(未做)stop doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事停下来去做某事need doing sth.需要做某事(被动含义)需要做某事(被动含义)=need to be doneneed to do sth.需要去做某事(主动含义)需要去做某事(主动含义)try doing sth.尝试做某事尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事尽力做某事hear/see sb.d
10、oing sth.听见听见/看见某人正在做某事看见某人正在做某事hear/see sb.do sth.听见听见/看见某人做了某事看见某人做了某事 考点三考点三 分词分词 1.分词的构成分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词动词+-ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词动词+-ed”,但也有不规则的,但也有不规则的形式。形式。2.分词的句法功能分词的句法功能功能例句说明定语Do you know the boy playing football?你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗?Please hand in you
11、r written exercise.请交上你的笔试练习。现在分词作定语,其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词;过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词状语The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.从小山上看,我们的学校显得更美丽了。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语功能例句说明表语The news is exciting.这个消息令人兴奋。Im interested in the book.我对这本书感兴趣。现
12、在分词表示主语的性质、特征;过去分词表示某种状态补足语Dont keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等很长时间。I had my hair cut last night.昨天晚上我理发了。现在分词作补足语,被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系);过去分词作补足语,被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系).用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2012安顺中考)安顺中考)Mr.Scott made a living by _(sell)old things.2.(2011遵义中考)遵义中考)Trust him!He has no dif
13、ficulty _(work)out the problem.答案:答案:1.selling 2.working 3.(2011滨州中考)滨州中考)David preferred _(sell)newspapers to doing housework when he was young.4.(2011兰州中考)兰州中考)The student _(name)Wang Lin is my example in English learning.5.(2011梧州中考)梧州中考)Davy enjoys _(play)tennis and baseball.答案:答案:3.selling 4.na
14、med 5.playing.单项选择单项选择1.(2012安顺中考安顺中考)Do you know whether the man _ by the door is Mr.Smith?Sure.Weve known each other for a long time.A.stand B.standing C.stood D.stands【解析解析】选选B。standing by the door是现在分词短语作后置定是现在分词短语作后置定语表示动作正在进行,与被修饰的语表示动作正在进行,与被修饰的man之间存在主动关系。故之间存在主动关系。故选选B。2.(2012随州中考)随州中考)Its
15、dangerous _ with the wild animal.A.for us to play B.of us playingC.for us playing D.of us to play【解析解析】选选A。Its+adj.+for sb.to do sth.意为意为“做某事对某做某事对某人人”,其中,其中it为形式主语,动词不定式为形式主语,动词不定式to play with the wild animal是真正的主语,故选是真正的主语,故选A。3.(2012自贡中考自贡中考)When are you going to have your hair _?This afternoon.A
16、.cut B.to cut C.cutting【解析解析】选选A。have sth.done“让让被做被做”。过去分词作宾语。过去分词作宾语补足语,与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选补足语,与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选A。4.(2011山西中考)山西中考)Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking,or they will break the law.A.drive B.driving C.to drive【解析解析】选选C。allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事允许某人做某事”,其被,其被动语态为动语态为sb.be al
17、lowed to do sth.“某人被允许做某事某人被允许做某事”。故选。故选C。5.(2011重庆中考)重庆中考)We dont know _ it next.Lets go and ask Mr.Li.A.what to do B.to do whatC.whether to do D.to do whether【解析解析】选选C。“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+to do”在此作在此作know的宾语,再的宾语,再由由it可知,句中已有动词可知,句中已有动词do的宾语,故选的宾语,故选C。6.(2011绵阳中考)绵阳中考)Our English teacher encourages us _ p
18、art in all kinds of after-class activities.A.to take B.takeC.taking D.to taking【解析解析】选选A。encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。鼓励某人做某事。7.(2011江西中考)江西中考)How kind you are!You always do what you can _ me.A.help B.helpingC.to help D.helps【解析解析】选选C。动词不定式短语。动词不定式短语to help作目的状语。作目的状语。8.(2011济南中考)济南中考)The woman lo
19、ves animals and she tries _ these homeless animals.A.to hurt B.to eatC.to help D.to kill【解析解析】选选C。try to do sth.“努力做某事努力做某事”。句意:这位女士。句意:这位女士喜欢动物,她努力地去帮助这些失去家园的动物。故选喜欢动物,她努力地去帮助这些失去家园的动物。故选C。9.(2011眉山中考)眉山中考)Its a little cold today.Would you mind _ the window?Of course not.A.not opening B.not to openC.dont open D.no opening【解析解析】选选A。Would you mind doing sth.?“你介意做某事你介意做某事吗?吗?”,其否定形式为其否定形式为Would you mind not doing sth.?10.(2011昆明中考)昆明中考)The reporter didnt go to bed until he finished _ the article.A.writing B.write C.to write D.wrote【解析解析】选选A。finish doing sth.完成某事。故选完成某事。故选A。