1、语法专题（七）动词的时态和语态PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇【中考考点】（1）动词的八种时态的基本结构及用法。（2）动词的被动语态的基本结构及用法。（3）动词在各种时态、语态中的形式变化。动词的时态考点一一般现在时1.结构 主语+动词原形（当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式）2.用法 （1）表示事实、现状、性质或经常性、习惯性的动作。I go to school at seven every day.我每天七点去上学。（2）表示普遍真理和客观事实。The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。（3）表示在现在的时间里发生的动作。Here co
2、mes the bus.公共汽车来了。（4）在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.如果明天我妈妈有空的话,我将和她去购物。动词的时态3.一般现在时的标志词seldom,often,usually,always,sometimes,today,every day,once a week,every five minutes,on Sundays等。4.动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则（1）直接加-s。如:workworks（2）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加es。如:carry
3、carries,crycries,trytries,studystudies（3）以s,x,o,ch,sh结尾的词加-es。如:passpasses,fixfixes,gogoes,teachteaches,washwashes（4）特殊:havehas,beis动词的时态考点二一般过去时1.结构主语+动词的过去式2.用法表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。3.一般过去时的标志词last night,yesterday,some years ago,in 2015,in the past,just now等。动词的时态4.动词过去式的变化规则（1）一般情况下,在动词原形后加-ed。如:watchw
4、atched（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的词加-d。如:livelived（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加-ed。如:studystudied,carrycarried,crycried（4）以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写该辅音字母,再加ed。如:stopstopped,planplanned,preferpreferred（5）不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。动词的时态考点三一般将来时1.结构（1）助动词shall/will+动词原形（2）am/is/are going to+动词原形2.用法（1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。I shall be eig
5、hteen years old next year.明年我就18岁了。（2）表示某种必然的趋势。Fish will die without water.没有水,鱼就会死。动词的时态注意 be going to表示计划、打算做某事;也表示根据某些迹象推测出某事将要发生。Im going to visit my grandparents next week.下周我打算去拜访我的祖父母。Look at the black clouds.I think its going to rain.看这些乌云,我觉得要下雨了。3.一般将来时的标志词tomorrow,in the future,soon,next
6、 week,in+时间段,from now on等。动词的时态考点四过去将来时1.结构（1）would+动词原形（2）was/were going to+动词原形2.用法表示从过去的某一时刻来看将要发生的动作。常用于宾语从句当中。His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year.他叔叔说第二年会有个好收成。动词的时态考点五现在进行时1.结构 am/is/are+v.-ing形式2.用法（1）表示目前正在发生（进行）的动作（不指状态）。Are you writing a letter to your friend no
7、w?你现在正在给你朋友写信吗?Listen!She is singing in the next room.听!她正在隔壁房间唱歌。（2）表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作。We are planting trees these days.这些天我们一直在植树。（3）趋向动词的进行时表示动作将要发生。此类词有come,go,leave,arrive,fly等,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon.他们明天下午要去英格兰。动词的时态3.现在进行时的标志词now,at the moment,look,l
8、isten等。4.现在分词的变化规则（1）一般直接在动词后加-ing。如:playplaying（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的词,去e,再加-ing。如:comecoming,makemaking,liveliving（3）以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ing。如:runrunning,sitsitting,beginbeginning（4）特殊:diedying,lielying,tietying动词的时态考点六过去进行时1.结构 was/were+v.-ing形式2.用法主要表示过去某一时间点或某一时间段正在进行的动作。His father fell
9、down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.他爸爸骑自行车时摔倒了,弄伤了自己。What were you doing at ten oclock last night?你昨晚十点钟在做什么?They were building a large house last week.上周他们一直在建造一所大房子。（某阶段一直在进行的动作）3.过去进行时的标志词this morning,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last night,at this time
10、yesterday等。动词的时态考点七现在完成时1.结构 have/has+动词的过去分词（过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。有些特殊变化动词需单独记忆）动词的时态2.用法（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,常与just,already,yet,recently,before,ever,never,twice,three times等时间状语连用。I the book already.我已经看过这本书了。（现在我知道书的内容了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与“since+时间点”或“since+从句（一般过去时）”,“for+时间段”及how lo
11、ng,ever,before,so far,in the last/past few years,up to now,till now等时间状语连用。Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years.在过去几年中,我们种了成千上万棵树。So far,there no bad news.到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。have readhas been动词的时态3.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,因此,若不强调某事对现在的影响就不
12、用现在完成时。I saw the movie yesterday.昨天我看了这部电影。（强调电影是昨天看的）I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。（强调知道这部电影的内容了）动词的时态4.延续性动词在现在完成时中,如果有持续的时间状语,则要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。I have had the book for two days.这本书我已经买了两天了。（用had而不用bought）I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.我已经来东京两周了。（用been in而不用come to）动词的时态常见的非延续性动词变延续性动
13、词:非延续性动词/动词词组延续性动词/动词词组非延续性动词/动词词组延续性动词/动词词组buyhave catch a coldhave a coldborrowkeepput onwearopenbe open get up be upclosebe closedwake up be awakebegin/startbe onfall asleepbe asleepcomebe herelosenot havegobe therejoinbe in/be a member of finishbe overleavebe away diebe deadarrive/reach be5.have
14、 been to,have gone to与have been in的区别have been to表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来,现在已不在该地;have gone to表示“已去了某地”,说话时已到达某地或在去某地的途中,现在还未回来;have been in表示“在某地待了多久”,后面跟副词时不用in。Where is Mrs.Smith?史密斯夫人在哪儿?She isnt here.She has gone to England.她不在这儿,去英格兰了。动词的时态动词的时态考点八过去完成时1.结构 had+动词的过去分词2.用法表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也
15、就是“过去的过去”。常以by,before短语或when,after,until等引导的从句作为时间状语。My teacher said she had never been to London.我的老师说她从来没去过伦敦。When the police arrived,the thieves .当警察到达时,小偷已经逃跑了。had run away时态的判断方法1.根据时间状语判断时态With the development of science and technology,robot cooks in our families in the future.A.appear B.appea
16、red C.will appear D.were appearing答案 C解析 根据时间状语“in the future”可知要用一般将来时。故选C。2.利用上下文语境判断时态Anita,where is your brother?He out in the garden with a group of kids.A.plays B.played C.is playing D.has played答案 C解析 根据语境可知,说话时“我弟弟和一群小孩儿正在花园里玩”,需用现在进行时。时态的判断方法3.根据已有时态信息关键词来判断Did Billy and Anna find a way out
17、 at last?Yes,they a plan and did it.A.were working outB.worked outC.are working outD.have worked out答案 B解析 答语中and连接的两个动作时态应该是一致的,and后面的did是一般过去时,故前面也应该用一般过去时。故选B。时态的判断方法4.在复合句中根据时态对应原则来判断（1）在时间、条件状语从句中,遵循“主将从现”的原则。If we take environmental problems seriously,the earth worse and worse.A.dont;wont be B
18、.wont;isnt C.wont;is D.dont;will be答案 D 解析 if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则。（2）在宾语从句中,遵循“主现从不限,主过从过,客观真理永不变”的原则。What did your P.E.teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting?He said that I better.A.could doB.have done C.will do D.do答案 A 解析 答句中that引导的是宾语从句,时态需要与主句对应,主句是一般过去时,从句也要用相应的过去时态。故选A。动词的语态考点一
19、被动语态的构成时态被动语态的结构一般现在时am/is/are+动词的过去分词一般过去时was/were+动词的过去分词一般将来时will/shall/be going to+be+动词的过去分词动词的语态The tree is watered every day.这棵树每天被浇水。The factory was set up last year.这个工厂是去年建的。A new bridge will be built next year.明年将建一座新桥。注意 在使役动词have,make,let等以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel等后面作宾语补足语的不定式,在主
20、动结构中不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动语态时,要还原to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.=A stranger was seen by someone into the building.有人看见一个陌生人走进了这座楼。to walk动词的语态考点二主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词,如 break,sell,wash等,当它们用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth.这种布料很好洗。注意 主动语态强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试
21、比较:The door wont lock.（指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked.（指不会有人来锁门,表示“门没有锁”是人的原因）2.不及物动词和动词短语,如happen,take place,come out,come true,run out 等,以主动形式表示被动意义。How did the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何出版的呢?washes well动词的语态3.系动词没有被动形式。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来合理。4.下列结构中的v.-ing是主动形式表示被动意义。（1）need,re
22、quire作“需要”讲时,其后常跟动名词形式。但当这些动词后接不定式时,则必须用被动形式表示被动意义。The bike needs mending.这辆自行车需要修理。Our classroom needs to be cleaned.我们的教室需要打扫。（2）be worth doing sth.值得做某事The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。对接中考专练1.2018河北 Gary is the best singer in my class.No one else so well.A.sings B.sangC.will sing D.is sin
23、ging2.2018河北 The bread is really delicious.Thank you.I it myself.A.make B.madeC.will makeD.am making 1.A根据语境可知,这里表示的是一个客观事实,应用一般现在时。故选A。AB动词的时态2.B根据语境可知,“做面包”的动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故选B。对接中考专练3.2018河北 I an invitation to the concert.I cant wait to go.A.receive B.will receiveC.was receiving D.have received4.
24、2017河北 Wow!You dinner!Lets eat now.A.cook B.are cooking C.will cook D.have cooked 3.D根据语境可知,这个请柬到现在为止已经收到了,所以现在“我”迫不及待想参加。由此可知,本句用现在完成时态。故选D。DD4.D句意:哇!你做完晚餐了!现在让我们吃饭吧。强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,用现在完成时。故选D。对接中考专练5.2017河北 Dont take the dictionary away.I it.A.use B.usedC.am usingD.have used6.2016河北 Grandpa glasse
25、s when he reads.A.wears B.woreC.has wornD.was wearing 5.C句意:别把词典拿走,我正在用呢。根据句意可知,空处表示现在正在做某事,故用现在进行时。故选C。CA6.A结合语境可知,当爷爷读书的时候戴着眼镜,用一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作。故选A。对接中考专练7.2016河北 Oh no!I my book in the lab.A.leave B.leftC.will leaveD.was leaving8.2016河北 Just go down this road and you the library next to the ban
26、k.A.see B.saw C.have seenD.will seeBD对接中考专练9.2016河北 Our team another point!I am sure well win the game.A.will get B.has got C.is getting D.was getting10.2015河北 Grace this game every time we play.A.winsB.wonC.will win D.has won 9.B句意:我们队又得一分,我确信我们会赢得这场比赛。根据“we ll win the game”可知,此处指得分这一动作对现在造成的影响,应用现
27、在完成时。故选B。BA对接中考专练11.2015河北 I the shops.Can I get you anything?A.go to B.went toC.have gone to D.am going to12.2015河北 Were proud that China stronger and stronger these years.A.will become B.became C.is becoming D.was becoming13.2015河北 I saw Jeff in the park.He on the grass and reading a book.A.sits B
28、.sat C.is sitting D.was sitting14.2015河北 Paula is pleased that she her lost watch.A.finds B.foundC.has found D.will findDCDC对接中考专练15.2014河北 The teacher is already standing here.Do you know when she?A.comes B.came C.is coming D.was coming16.2014河北 Im busy now.I to you after school this afternoon.A.ta
29、lk B.talkedC.will talk D.have talked17.2014河北 Someone at the door.Can you open it?A.knocks B.knockedC.is knocking D.was knocking18.2014河北 I saw Ken in the meeting room.He Joe for the school magazine.A.interviews B.interviewedC.has interviewed D.was interviewingBCDC对接中考专练19.2014河北 Monica,you the exam
30、!Congratulations!A.pass B.have passedC.will pass D.are passing20.2013河北 Henry will give us a report as soon as he.A.arrives B.arrived C.is arriving D.will arrive21.2013河北 Ken his jacket in the gym.He has to get it back.A.left B.leavesC.is leaving D.was leaving22.2013河北 We have no vegetables in the f
31、ridge.I and buy some.A.go B.wentC.will go D.was goingBACA对接中考专练23.2013河北 You.Dont talk on the phone.A.will drive B.are drivingC.were driving D.have driven24.2013河北 The twins didnt go to the theater.They the light music all night.A.have enjoyed B.will enjoyC.are enjoying D.were enjoying25.2013河北 Dont
32、 return the video to Peter.I it.A.dont watch B.wont watchC.havent watched D.wasnt watchingBDC对接中考专练1.2018河北 Look at the picture.The top five TV plays in it.A.list B.are listed C.will list D.will be listed2.2017河北 Hangzhou as the City of Silk.Tourists like shopping for silk there.A.knows B.is known C
33、.was known D.will be known3.2016河北 Emily is glad that she for her honesty at that meeting.A.praises B.praised C.is praised D.was praised4.2015河北 Everybody deeply after they heard the story.A.moves B.moved C.is moved D.was movedBB动词的语态DD对接中考专练5.2014河北 The pet dog is warm and loving.It as a daughter o
34、f my family.A.treats B.treated C.is treated D.was treated6.2013河北 Annie to the party.She had a wonderful time with us.A.invites B.is invited C.was invited D.has invited7.2018石家庄裕华区一模 It to run after each other in the hallway.A.allows B.is allowed C.doesnt allowD.isnt allowed 8.2018邯郸一模 Animals as ou
35、r good friends because they help us a lot.A.treat B.are treated C.treated D.were treatedCCDB对接中考专练9.2018张家口桥东模拟 Our phones in after we entered the meeting room.A.handed B.will be handedC.were handed D.is handed10.2018唐山古冶区一模 If you are enrolled（录用）by our company,the messageto you through e-mails.A.w
36、ill send B.has sent C.will be sent D.is sent 11.2018石家庄长安区一模 The English contest last week.Li Ping won the first place.A.is held B.is being held C.was held D.will be held12.2018石家庄桥西区一模 My brother to read by my mother when he was very young.A.teach B.is taught C.was teaching D.was taughtCCCD对接中考专练13
37、.2018邢台一模 Now children in our school more time to read and play sports.A.give B.are givenC.are giving D.gave14.2018承德模拟 Mom,where is my model plane?Oh,it to Jenny yesterday.A.is lent B.lendsC.was lent D.lent15.2018定兴二模 Do you know when and where the 23rd Winter Olympics?In Pyeong Chang,in 2018.A.holds B.has heldC.was held D.will be heldBCC
