1、状语从句状语从句 1.什么是状语：什么是状语：在句中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词在句中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分被称为状语。如：的成分被称为状语。如：He works very hard.He is real handsome.2.什么是状语从句：什么是状语从句：用作状语的句子被称为状语从句。用作状语的句子被称为状语从句。really 1.Adverbial Clauses of Time:（时间状语从句）3.Different Kinds of Adverbial Clauses:2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason (原因状语从句）3.Adverbial Clau
2、ses of Conditions (条件状语从句）4.Adverbial Clauses of Place (地点状语从句）5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (目的状语从句）6.Adverbial Clauses of Result （结果状语从句）7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison（比较状语从句）8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession (让步状语从句）9.Adverb Clauses of Manner (方式状语从句 )4.位置位置：主前从后亲密没够，主前从后亲密没够，从前主后得有小逗，从前主后得有小
3、逗，从在主中需俩逗逗。从在主中需俩逗逗。I was reading a book when he came in.When he came in,I was reading a book.I was,when he came in,reading a book.时间状语从句时间状语从句when while as before aftertill/until sinceas soon as普普通通连连词词特特殊殊连连词词the momentthe minutethe secondthe instantevery/each timenext timeany timeby the timethe f
4、irst timeimmediatelydirectlyinstantlyWhen 的用法的用法1.When 即可以引导一个持续性动作，又可引到一即可以引导一个持续性动作，又可引到一个短暂行动作。可用以表示主从句动作同时发生个短暂行动作。可用以表示主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句。或从句动作先于主句。(从句动词可延续也可非延续从句动词可延续也可非延续)I was thin when I was a child.The film had been on when we arrived.2.be about to do when be doing when be on ones way whe
5、n be on the point of doing when had just done when以上句式中的以上句式中的“when”译为译为“这时或那时这时或那时”不不可以用其它连词替换。可以用其它连词替换。The telephone was ringing when I got home.I was about to go to bed when he came back.We were just _ calling him up _ he came in.A.about;when B.on the point of;whileC.on the point of;when D.on th
6、e point of;as I was walking down the street while I heardsomeone calling for help.when 3.When 还以引导条件状语从句相还以引导条件状语从句相当于当于if How can I explain it to you when/if you wont listen.When you read it again,the meaning will become clearer to you.While 的用法的用法 1.必须引导持续性动作，强调在一段时必须引导持续性动作，强调在一段时间内，主句和从句动作同时发生。间
7、内，主句和从句动作同时发生。My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.Please dont talk so loud while others are working.2.“然而然而”表示对比。表示对比。I like watching TV while he likes reading.3.引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 “虽然、尽管虽然、尽管”While I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings.尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是看到了他的缺点。尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是
8、看到了他的缺点。4.引导条件状语从句引导条件状语从句“只要只要”While we are here,dont worry.As 的引导的引导时间状语时间状语从句的用法从句的用法 1.“随着随着”2.“一边一边一边一边”3.“当当”强调动作同时发生，无先后强调动作同时发生，无先后.1.As I get older,I get more optimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。2.He hurried home,looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙回家，边走边往后看。他匆匆忙忙回家，边走边往后看。3.As he was goi
9、ng out,it began to rain.当他出去时开始下雨了。当他出去时开始下雨了。“as”可以引导的其它状语从句：可以引导的其它状语从句：Young as he is,he knows a lot.（让步）让步）As he wasnt ready in time,we went without him.（原因）（原因）Do as I told you./do as you like.（方式方式）He is as old as I/me.（比较比较 ）连接词连接词when,while,as的用法区别：的用法区别：1while引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词从句的谓语动词必须是
10、必须是可延续可延续的，的，而而when引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词从句的谓语动词是是可延续可延续的，也的，也可以是可以是非延续的动词非延续的动词。如：。如：When/While he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell ring.When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.2从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个引导这个 从句，不可用从句，不可用as或或while。如：如：When you have finished your wor
11、k,you may have a rest.3表示表示“随着随着,一边一边一边一边”，连词用，连词用as.如：如：As the election approached,the violence got worse.4如果如果主句谓动主句谓动是是非延续性非延续性的，而的，而从句谓动从句谓动是是延续性延续性动词并使用动词并使用进进行时态行时态时，时，when,while与与as 可互换使用。可互换使用。如：如：When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.问题问题1:1.(04北京春北
12、京春)We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.(02上海上海)He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.A.as B.until C.whileD.when3.(05上海上海)He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it.A.where B.when
13、 C.thatD.until4.(05福建福建)Did Jack come back early last night?Yes.It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.A.Before B.when C.that D.until（注：句型：（注：句型：It is/was+点时间点时间+when从句）从句）A AD DB BB B问题问题2:6.(06天津天津)The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,_ the quality of life is probabl
14、y one of the highest.A.since B.when C.as D.while7.(04年江苏年江苏)_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless8.(06辽宁辽宁)He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B.where C.when D.whileD DA AC CBefore 的多种翻译方式：的多种翻译方式
15、：1.在在之前之前 2.在在It+be+短时间短时间+before句型中句型中 主句是肯定句式时：主句是肯定句式时：“（多久之后多久之后）才）才”主句是否定句式时：主句是否定句式时：“（过不了多久过不了多久）就）就”3.“还没来得及，就还没来得及，就”4.“趁趁”1.Before they got to the bus stop,the bus had gone.在在.之前之前2.It will be 5 years before he returns to his motherland.多久之后才多久之后才3.We waited a long time before he came out.
16、多久之后才多久之后才4.It wont be long before we meet again.过不了多久就过不了多久就5.He died before he wrote a will.还没来得及还没来得及6.Catch him before he escapes.趁着趁着7.Please write it down before you forget it.趁着趁着 1.(03年北京年北京)He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.A.until B.when C.before D.as 2.(
17、04福建福建)Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.since B.after C.before D.when 3.(06四川四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?He rushed out of the room_I could say a word.A.before B.untilC.whenD.afterC CC CA Atill,until和和notuntil：1.主句是主
18、句是肯定句肯定句时，时，主句的动词必是主句的动词必是延续性动词延续性动词，表示，表示“主主句动作或状态一直持续到从句动词发生才停止句动作或状态一直持续到从句动词发生才停止”。从句。从句引导词是引导词是 till/until都行。如：都行。如：We waited until/till he came.2主句是主句是否定句否定句时，时，主句谓语动词主句谓语动词是非延续性动词是非延续性动词，表示，表示“主句动作直到从句动词发生才开始主句动作直到从句动词发生才开始”，从句引导词通，从句引导词通常用常用until。如：。如：He wont go to bed until she returns.3til
19、l不可以置于句首，而不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：句型中的强调和倒装说法：Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.倒装倒装 1.(03北京春北京春)Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?Yes.He had never
20、praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade.A.after B.unless C.until D.when2.(03上海上海)A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.A.when B.unless C.after D.until3.It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famou
21、s film star.A.when;that B.until;that C.until;when D.when;thenC CD DB BSince 的用法 1.since+时间时间2.since then 3.ever since 4.It is/has been+时间段时间段 since did5.译为译为“既然既然”时引导原因状从时引导原因状从主句谓动用现在完成主句谓动用现在完成时，从句谓动用一般时，从句谓动用一般过去时，译为过去时，译为“自从自从”Mr li has been here since 1998.Mr li has been here since he came back
22、.Its/has been two years since we arrived here.It is three years since he lived here.他他不在不在这儿住三年了。这儿住三年了。It is two years since he smoked.他他不吸烟不吸烟已有两年了。已有两年了。It is two years since he began to smoke.他吸烟有两年了。他吸烟有两年了。B BD D1.（05北京春北京春)It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.A.before B.since
23、 C.after D.because 2.That was really a splendid evening.Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A.when B.that C.before D.since3.-What about a cigarette?-_.Its 3weeks since I smoked.A.Yes,please B.No,thanksB Bas soon asthe momentthe minutethe secondthe instantimmediatelydirectlyinstantlyno sooner thanha
24、rdly/scarcelywhen可以译为可以译为“一一就就”的连词的连词1.As soon as he arrives,I will tell him.2.The moment I saw him,I recognized him.3.I left immediately the clock struck 5.4.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.5.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.=No
25、 sooner had I got home than it began to rain.时态、搭配、倒装时态、搭配、倒装 问题问题3:1.(01北京春北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?Yes.I gave it to her _ I saw her.A.whileB.the moment C.suddenlyD.once2.(1998上海上海)I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.A.first time B.for the first time C.the firs
26、t timeD.by the first time3._ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.A.He hardly had B.Had he hardly C.Hardly had heD.Hardly he had B BC CC C一些含有一些含有time的名词短语可以引导时间状语的名词短语可以引导时间状语1.Next time you come,please bring your composition2.The first time I climbed onto the wall,I
27、 felt nervous.3.You are welcome to come back any time you want to.4.The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things packed up.5.By the time he arrived,the train had already gone.时态时态 二。二。地点状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句有where,wherever引导。1.We must camp where we can get water.2.I will follow you whe
28、rever you go.3.Where there is a river,there is a city.4.I will go where he went.5.I will stay with you wherever he goes.2.地点状语从句(2009年高考山东卷年高考山东卷)The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.那个迷路的小女孩决定那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。待在原地等她母亲。地点状语从句常见的连词有：1.where 在地方，2.wher
29、ever 无论在地方，(1)Make a mark-you have problems.(2)I will find him-he may be.wherewherever3地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Where theres a will，theres a way.有志者事竟成。有志者事竟成。Where(ver)theres plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。地点状语从句和定语从句的区别。Go back wher
30、e you came from.Go back to the place where you came.【例26】_ he is，he will be thinking of his girlfriend.A.What B.Where C.Whether D.Wherever【例27】She found her calculator _ she lost it.A.that B.where C.in which D.when【例28】This is the factory _ her mother worked last year A.that B.where C.in which D.whe
31、rever三。三。原因状语从句原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词引导原因状语从句的连词引导词语气位置意义because(in that)语气最强主句之前或后“因为”直接原因，可以 回答why,可以置于强调句型中since(now that)语气较弱主句之前“既然”众所周知的原因，人们达成一致的事实as语气最弱主句之前或后“由于”双方已知的较明显的原因for并列连词语气较弱逗号后面补充说明的理由 considering/seeing(that)“鉴于，考虑到鉴于，考虑到“，也可引导原因状语从句也可引导原因状语从句1.Because 表示原因是语气最强，经常表示听者未知的原表示原因是语气最强，经常
32、表示听者未知的原因因.即可以回答即可以回答why的提问，又可以放在强调句的提问，又可以放在强调句型中成为被强调的部分。型中成为被强调的部分。I cant go,because Im ill.He failed because he was too careful.It is because you are lazy that you have lost the job.because1)The ship changed its course because there was a storm.The ship changed its course because of the storm.2)
33、Because he was ill,he didnt go to school.He was ill,so he didnt go to school.Being ill,he didnt go to school.1.I didnt help him not because I was unwilling,but because I was unable to do it.(不是因为不是因为而是因为而是因为)2.You should not laugh at him because he is poor 3.The country is not strong because it is b
34、ig.（不因就）Since 引导的语气次于引导的语气次于because，表示稍加分析后，表示稍加分析后推断出的原因，或指的是人们达成一致的事实。推断出的原因，或指的是人们达成一致的事实。“既然，鉴于既然，鉴于”常放于句首。常放于句首。Since no one is against it,lets carry out the plan.As 语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。一般放句首。一般放句首。As he wasnt ready in time,we went without him.For 属于并列连词，但不能直接说明原因，而属于并列连词，但不能直
35、接说明原因，而是对某种情况加以推断用于表示补充说明的是对某种情况加以推断用于表示补充说明的理由。常放于句末。理由。常放于句末。He must be ill,for he is absent today.The spring is coming,for the birds are singing.Now that 用了说明一种新的情况，然后加以用了说明一种新的情况，然后加以推论，位于句首，推论，位于句首，that 可省略。可省略。“既然，鉴既然，鉴于于”Now(that)everybody is here,lets begin.Seeing(that);considering(that)Seei
36、ng/considering(that)he is so young,that is excusable(可原谅的）可原谅的）鉴于鉴于他如此年轻，这是可以原谅的。他如此年轻，这是可以原谅的。1.This was _ she was absent from school.2.That was _ she was ill yesterday.3.The reason _ she couldnt finish her homework is not_she forgot to do her homework,but _ she was busy nursing a sick classmate.4.
37、How can he get good grades when he wont study?whybecausewhythatthatwhen“既然既然”表示原因表示原因四。四。目的状语从句目的状语从句 引导目的状语的连词有引导目的状语的连词有so;so that;in order that;in case;for fear that;lest目的状语从句目的状语从句中的谓语动词通常使用情态动词中的谓语动词通常使用情态动词can,could,may,might,should,would1.We sit nearer the front so(that)we can hear better.2.
38、Come early in order that/so that you can see him.3.He put his money in the safe for fear that it should be stolen.(他把钱放在保险箱里他把钱放在保险箱里生怕生怕/以防以防被盗被盗)4.He runs fast in order to/so as to arrive there early.1.Take an umbrella in case it rains.（以防）（以防）2.It may not rain,but youd better take an umbrella in
39、case.（以防万一）（以防万一）3.Take an umbrella in case of rain.(介词介词）In case 后的从句使用后的从句使用一般现在时一般现在时表示将来，或使用表示将来，或使用一一般过去时般过去时表示过去将来，也可用表示过去将来，也可用情态动词情态动词，或者从或者从句中使用句中使用should,should也可以省略。也可以省略。Take an umbrella in case it rains.He left early in case he(should)miss the last train.他动身很早以防误了最后一班火车。他动身很早以防误了最后一班火车。
40、五五。结果状语从句。结果状语从句 结果状语从句连词：结果状语从句连词：so that;such that;so that1.She was so happy that she cried.2.She worked very hard,so that she became rich in a very short time.(她努力工作很快就致富了。她努力工作很快就致富了。)3.He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.So 为副词，修饰形容词，副词，为副词，修饰形容词，副词，Such 为形容词，修饰名词。为形容词，修饰
41、名词。So+adj.So+adj.+a/an+单单n.So+many/few+复数复数n.+thatSo+much/little（多少）（多少）+不可数不可数n.+that Such+a/an+adj.+单单n.+that Such+adj.+复数复数n.+thatSuch+adj.+不可数不可数n.+thatHe was so honest that we all trust him.He was such an honest man that we all trust him.There was so much work that we couldnt finish it.There we
42、re so many people that we couldnt get in.It was such nice weather that we want to go out.So that.;such that 句型中，句型中，so,such 位于位于句首，句首，主句须部分倒装主句须部分倒装So terrible was the storm that some houses were destroyed.Such is the power of the TV that it makes a person famous in one night.结果状语的表达方式1.He is clever
43、 and honest,_all of us like him.(make)2.I hurried to the airport,only _that my friend had gone already.(tell)3.tooto（太而不能）enough to（达到某种程度可以）soas to(那么以至于）He got up so late that he missed the bus.He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.He got up too late to catch the bus.He got up so late as t
44、o miss the bus.makingto be told六。六。条件状语从句条件状语从句.if，unless，so/as long as，once，in case(that)2.on condition that(条件是条件是)suppose/supposing(that)(假设假设,如果如果)provided/providing(that)(如果如果)as far asso far as when 引导条件状语从句的连词：引导条件状语从句的连词：if not只要只要一旦一旦万一万一I.if 1)If you work harder,you will succeed.Work harde
45、r,and you will succeed.Work harder,or you wont succeed.Working harder,you will succeed.时态时态:主将从现主将从现 有时表示条件的有时表示条件的if之后可能用之后可能用will，但那不是将，但那不是将来时态来时态,而是表示而是表示意愿或委婉的请求意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态为情态动词动词)：If you will wait a moment,Ill fetch the money.请等一下，我就去拿钱请等一下，我就去拿钱 2)If I had money,I would buy the car.If he
46、 had worked harder,he would have passed the exam.3)I wake up only if the alarm clock ringsOnly if I get a job,will I have enough money to go school.4)If only I were as clever as you!If only I knew her name._(虚拟虚拟).(只有只有)(要是要是就好了就好了)5)if 构成省略的惯用表达法构成省略的惯用表达法:if any if ever if so if not if necessary i
47、f possible Corrrect errors,if any.He seldom,if ever,goes to the movies by himself.如果有错误就请订正如果有错误就请订正.他不会单独去看电影他不会单独去看电影,如果有也很少如果有也很少.(如果有的话如果有的话)(如果曾经有的话如果曾经有的话)(如果是这样的话如果是这样的话)(如果不是这样的话如果不是这样的话)II.unless1)We cant write to Mary unless she tells us her address.We cant write to Mary if she doesnt tell
48、 us her address.*III.as/so long as(只要)1)I will never give up learning as long as I live.2)You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.*IV.on condition that（条件是）Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it tidy.*V.in case(万一）Youd better take your raincoat with you in case it rains
49、.In case I forget,please remind me about it.(2007福建)You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence.A.before B.once C.until D.though 解析：题干意思是：一旦你有自信，你的面试将会成功。用once，意思是：一旦，引导条件状语从句。答案：答案：B(浙江)The medicine works more effectively _ you drink some hot water after taking it.Aas Buntil Calth
50、ough Dif 解析：句意：这种药如果你热水送服，会更加有效。if引导条件状语从句。答案：D(北京宣武区)_you disagree with her，her idea is still worth considering.AIf only BEven if CInstead of DDespite of 解析：考查前后句的关系。句意为：“尽管”你不赞同她，可她的观点还是值得考虑的。答案：B问题问题1：1、_ I can see,there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.（04北京春季）北京春季）A.As long
