1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 1 A land of diversity . 阅读理解 A (2018 东北师大附中高三段考 )In the 1500s when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern United States, they came across the ancestors of the modern day Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni peoples. These ancestors, known variously as the basket makers
2、, the Anasazi, or the ancient ones, had lived in the area for at least 2,000 years. They were an advanced agricultural people who used irrigation to help grow their crops. The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of adobe(土砖 ) and wood. Anasazi houses were originally built in holes and were entered f
3、rom the roof. But around the year 700 AD, the Anasazi began to build their homes above ground and join them together into groups of multistoried large buildings, which the Spanish called pueblos or villages. Separate rooms under the ground in these pueblos known as kivas were set aside for religious
4、 ceremonies. Each kiva had a hole that was believed to lead to the underworld. The largest pueblos had five stories and more than 800 rooms. The Anasazi family was matrilinear(母系遗传的 ). The holy objects of the family were under the control of the oldest female, but the actual ceremonies were conducte
5、d by her brother, or son. Women owned the rooms in the pueblo and the crops, once they were harvested. While still growing, crops belonged to the men, who, in contrast to most other native American groups, planted them. The women made baskets and pottery; the men made cloth and jewelry. Each village
6、 had two chiefs. The village chief dealt with land disputes(争议 ) and religious affairs. The war chief led the men in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out with neighboring villages and directed the men in community building projects. The solid political and social organization of the A
7、nasazi made it almost impossible for other groups to conquer them. 语篇导读 本文为说明文，介绍了 16 世纪的阿纳萨齐人的生产方式，劳动分工以及部落首领的职责等内容。 1 What do we know about the Anasazi people? A They were good at growing crops. B They were immigrants from Spain. C They stored their crops in caves. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 D They had battles
8、 against the Spanish. 解析 A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，他们擅长种植农作物，故选 A 项。 2 What does the underlined word “they”(Paragraph 3) refer to? A Women. B Pueblos. C Rooms. D Crops. 解析 D 代词指代题。该词所在句子 .once they were harvested 用的是被动语态，也就是说 they 是 harvest 这个 动作的承受者，根据上文内容可以判断，此处指上文中的 the crops，即：收割农作物，故选 D 项。 3 What can
9、 be concluded from the text? A The Anasazi benefited from trade with the Spanish. B The division of labor in Anasazi society was clear. C The Spanish caused harm to Anasazi society. D Constant conflicts existed in Anasazi society. 解析 B 推理判断题。第三段讲到阿纳萨齐人的劳动分工问题，即：最年长的女性掌握着家族的圣物，但实际仪式由她的兄弟或儿子举行；妇女拥有普韦布
10、洛的房间和粮食，生长中的农作物由男性管理；妇女制作篮子和陶器，男性制作布料和首饰。由此可见，阿纳萨齐人有明确的劳动分工，故选 B 项。 4 What can best describe the Anasazi? A Aggressive. B Honest. C United. D Selfish. 解析 C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，阿纳萨齐人的每个村庄的两个首领各司其职，配合良好。根据最后一句可知，阿纳萨齐人内部是很团结的，故选 C 项。 B When its five oclock, people leave their office. The length of the workd
11、ay, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them theyre done. These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows on that clock based work schedules hinder
12、 morale and creativity. Clock timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 am to 10 am, research from 10 am to noon, etc. On the other hand, task timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previo
13、us task is completed. It is said that all of us employ 【 精品教育资源文库 】 a mix of both these types of planning. What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and
14、Anne Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga by time or to do list to measure how they performed under “clock time” vs “task time”. They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control
15、 over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up. The researchers argue that task based organizing tends to be undervalued and under supported in the business cultur
16、e. Smart companies, they believe, will try to take more task based planning into their strategies. This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most pe
17、ople will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock timers, task based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. Itll make those tasks easier, and the task doers will be happier. 语篇导读 本文为议论文。如今，我们在各处都能知晓时间，例如时钟、手表、手机和电脑，这是一件好事还是坏事呢？基于时间支配的工作又会对斗志和创造力带来什么影响呢？
18、 5 What does the author think of time displayed everywhere? A It makes everybody aware of time. B It is a convenience for work and life. C It may have a negative effect on creative work. D It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life. 解析 C 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，作者对于随处可知时间这件事是持有怀疑态度的。 A、 B、 D 项均表示肯定语
19、气，且文章中并未提及，故选 C 项。 6 What did Tamar Avnet and Anne Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock timers? A They seize opportunities as they come up. B They always get their work done in time. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 C They have more control over their lives. D They tend to be more productive. 解析 D 细节理解题
20、。根据第四段中 They found clock timers to be more efficient.可知，用时间定时效率更高， productive 和 efficient 为同义替换词，均有“ 高效的 ” 意思，故选 D 项。 7 What do the researchers say about todays business culture? A It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies. B It does not attach enough importance to task based pra
21、ctice. C It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers lives. D It aims to bring employees potential and creativity into full play. 解析 B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，在企业文化中，以任务为基础的组织形式容易被低估和不被支持，这与 B 项的含义 (以任务为基 础的做法不被足够重视 )是相近的，故选 B 项。 8 What do the researchers suggest? A Task based timing is pr
22、eferred for doing creative work. B It is important to keep a balance between work and life. C Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier. D A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation. 解析 A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，当执行一项需要更多创造力的工作时，应该使用以任务为基础的时间支配方式，故选 A 项。 . 语法填空 (2018 昆明滇池中学高三诊
23、断 )Have you ever told a story about someone but forgotten his or her name? Not 1.to worry(worry)! In English, we have special names to replace it, so your story doesnt come to a sudden stop. In the US, if a name has been forgotten, 2.simply(simple) say the name John Doe for a man, or Jane Doe for a woman. You can use these names for any situa
