1、英语应用文写作之便条写法 v便条是一种简单的书信。虽然内容简单，但却有其独特的风格。主要目的是为了尽快地把最新的信息、通知、要求或者活动的时间、地点转告给对方。常见的便条有欠条、留言和请假条等。v特点：文内语言尽量通俗口语化，简单扼要，直截了当，无需使用客套语言。In a roundabout wayv便条虽简单，但中心务必突出，更要注明活动的时间及地点。v便条不需邮寄，不用信封。通常请人代为转交。有时可写在留言板和留言簿上。v基本写作格式v便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下几个基本要素；1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称呼3）Body：正文4）Sig
2、nature：署名样例v欠条；留下字据，表示欠某人某物。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改v Sept.16th,2002 vBorrowed from the Foreign Language Department Reference Library three books as follows:A copy of English History and Anthology of English Literature by Wu Weiren A copy of A Survey of American Literature by Chang Yaoxin A copy of
3、 World Literature by Jiang Chengen.v Wu Zhuov For the Office of v Social Science Departmentv留言；用书面留下要说的话。留言涉及的方面很多，包括约会，通知，请求等任何可用便条留下的口信。v TuesdayvDear Li,vAs the Spring Festival is drawing near,Im very glad to invite you to come to a dinner party with several other friends of ours.Im sure we will
4、have a very happy time and enjoy ourselves thoroughly.Would you like to come on time at 5:00 p.m.today,to Room 6 of Lijing Hotel?vYours always,vJiayangv请假条：往往指由于生病或特殊情况不能亲自当面请假，用假条的形式告假。所以，请假条大多是病假条。可以自写，也可请他人代写。写假条最重要的是说明原因和请假的期限。vJan.10thvDear Ms.Jiang,vI am terribly sorry that I shall be unable t
5、o attend this morning two periods of English Class due to a bad cold and high fever.Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor who said I must stay in bed for a few days.I will go back to school as soon as I recover.vYours respectfully,vTian Yev常用句型:v一、邀请信 v1、Id like.to come to dinnerv非常希望.共进晚餐v2、req
6、uest the pleasure ofv恭请.v3、The favor of a reply is requestedv敬赐复函v4、May I have the honor of your company at dinner?v敬备菲酌，恭请光临v5、Thank you for inviting us to dinnerv谢谢您邀请我们共进晚餐vv6、I hope youre not too busy to come.v我期望您会在百忙中光临v7、The reception will be held in.,on.v招待会定于.在.举行v8、We sincerely/faithfully
7、hope you can attend.v我们期待您的光临v9、We are looking forward to.v我们期待着.v10、We have decided to have a party in honor of the occasionv为此我们决定举办一次晚会v11、Please confirm your participation at your earliest conveniencev是否参加，请早日告之v二、感谢信v1、Thank you very much for.v十分感谢.v2、Many thanks for your.v非常感谢您.v3、Please accep
8、t my sincere appreciation for.v请接受我对.真挚的感谢v4、I am truly grateful to you for.v为了.，我真心感激您v5、It was good(thoughtful)of you.v承蒙好意（关心）.v6、You were so kind to send.v承蒙好意送来.v7、Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.v再次感谢您的盛情款待，并期待不久见到您v8、I find an ordinar
9、y thank-you entirely inadequate to tell you how much.v我觉得一般的感谢的字眼完全不足以表达我对您多么地.v9、I sincerely appreciate.v我衷心地感谢.v10、I wish to express my profound appreciation for.v我对.深表谢意v11、Many thanks for you generous cooperationv谢谢贵方的真诚合作v常用句子：I shall feel obliged if you will favor me with a call at your earlie
10、st convenience.如您方便，请早日来电，我将不胜感激。Delighted!Will call at 2 p.m.tomorrow.来条收悉，定于明天下午两点访。Encl.:Doctors Certificate of Advice.附；医生证明 I shall be very happy to call at your house at 6:30 this evening.Until then,.我定于今晚6：30去你家，望等候。Upon receiving this note,please come to my office.见条后，请立即来我办公室。Mr.Li stands i
11、n urgent need of your service.李先生急需你的帮助。I happen to be in urgent need of 200 yuan.我因有急事，需要200元。Your note with an admission ticket enclosed is much appreciated.留言和一张入场券均已收到，不胜感激。vIm very grateful to you for your kind invitation,and Im sure to come to see your concert.v承蒙邀请观看你们的音乐会，我一定按时到场。vPlease acc
12、ept this little gift as a small token of my esteem for you.v奉上这小小的礼物，以表达我对您的崇高敬意。v结束语vI trust my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience.v望我的缺席不会给你带来太大的不便。vPlease favor me with an early reply.v敬请早复。vHoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.v希望能及早处理此事。vPlease give an
13、 extension of leave for three days.v请准予续假三天为盼。v1）请假（Asking for Leave）vDirections:You are about to write a Business Leave Note of about 60 words.Please describe this information clearly.v1)the reason you ask for the leavev2)the time and how long you will leavevv Aug.22ndvvSecretary Li,vIm sorry to ap
14、ply for ten days leave from the Aug.23rd to sep.,3rd instantly,as the time is urgent.My father now in the hospital is badly ill and I have to take care of him for a few days,for Im the only child in my family.I will show you the telegram about my fathers illness to support my application.I promise I
15、 will do my best to catch the missed lessons on after I come back.Wish for your allowance.v vYours respectfully v vv约请(Invitation)vDirections:You have a ticket to the Russian National Ballet Troupe,which is visiting and you want to give it to your friend Alice.Write a note to her and say:v1)the time
16、 of the show,v2)the place where you will wait for hervYou should write about 60 words.v xxxvDear Alice,vHere is a piece of good news for you.The Russian National Ballet Troupe will give a performance in the Beijing Grand Theater tomorrow evening.I am sure that you will be happy to watch it and I lea
17、ve you an admission card.The performance will begin at seven oclock sharp.I will wait for you at the theater entrance.Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming or not.v v道歉（Apology）v在社会交往中，人们常常会出现一些疏忽、过失等。为了避免误解，不影响感情，在这种情况下，应写信给对方予以解释，以请求谅解。v例1vDirections:You have missed a date of yo
18、ur friend,now you have to write a letter for apology in about 60 words.v May 20thvDear Lily,vI am sorry I missed seeing you yesterday.I know that you must have been disappointed.I also feel worried and anxious in my heart.The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to prepare an urgent p
19、lan while I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I have worked late until about 8:30 p.m.I am terribly sorry.However,I would like to ask you out this weekend to make up for yesterday.Please give me a chance and I am waiting for your reply.vv v例2vDirections:You have received an invitati
20、on from your friend,but you have already had some guests in your house.Please express the reason you cant go clearly.Please write in about 60 words.v 6.AprilvDear Lucy,vI do apologize for having to send this letter about Saturday night.When I accepted your invitation,I simply forgot that Saturday wa
21、s a holiday and that my own guests were not leaving until Sunday morning.It is difficult for me to make a choice.Though I also wonder to meet you very much.I could not very well go out by myself and leave the guests at my home.I hope you know how sorry I am not to be with you this Saturday.Should I
22、make a visit to you in my other spare time?vThank you very much.vv例3vDirections:You are already have a date with your friend but suddenly have another thing to do and you have to tell your friend that you cant go.Express your reason clearly in about 60 words.v Monday 9:00 a.mvDear Jane,vI am sorry t
23、o tell you that I wont be able to come this afternoon because I have to go to the airport at 2:00 p.m.to meet an overseas visitor from Australia.I really have kept our date in my mind all these days,however,I received my boss e-mail this morning,he asked me to go to the airport to meet one of his fr
24、iends from abroad,its suddenly and urgent and I must go.Please forgive me.Would you please ring me up to make another time?v Many thanks.vXXXv借物(Borrowing)vDirections:You are going to write a note for borrowing sth.please describe these information clearly.v1)the thing you ask v2)detailed what you a
25、re going to do with it.v3)how long will you take it.v xxxvDear Xiao Wang:vI wonder if I could borrow your electronic dictionary for a few days.Now I am translating some important articles.There are many new words which I have to look up the dictionary usually.I just have a paper dictionary but of co
26、urse its not as convenient as the electronic one,which has a bad effect upon my velocity of my translating.So I think your electonic dictionary is more suitable for me to complete my work.I promise that I must be very careful of your dictionary and make no damage done on it.Thank you very much!vYour
27、s ever v回复友人问侯(Reply for Regards)v例 1vDirections:You have just had a operation,and received a note of regards from your friend Jenny.Now please write a reply to her to tell her your current situation.You should write about 60 words.v Jan.8th.vDear Jenny,vThanks for your letter of sympathy I received
28、 the day before yesterday.The operation on my leg was a wonderful success.You know I had been suffering a lot from my leg since my childhood.The operation removed the cause of trouble.It is quite worth having the operation.I am daily recovering from my illness.Im confident I will soon be in the offi
29、ce again after proper treatment.Thank you for kind wishes.vMy best wishes to all your familyv v例2vDirections:Your father is seriously ill,and you want to go back home.Write a note to the secretary and it should include.v1)the cause for leaving;v2)the days:from 16th to 21 st;v3)Catch on the lesson af
30、ter returning school.v July 5thvDear Miss Huang,vMy sister called me last night,and she said that my father is dangerously ill.I beg to apply for seven days leave of absence from 16th to 21st instantly,in order that I can see my beloved father.I should be much obliged if you would grant me my applic
31、ation.As regards the lessons to be missed during my absence,I will do my best to make up for them as soon as I get back from home.v Sincerely yours,v vSample of TEM-4(5):vWrite a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:Before you leave university you want to sell your bike.Write a
32、 note describing the condition of your bike,how much you would like for it,and where you can be contacted.Marks will be awarded for content,organization,grammar and appropriateness.vMar.15vDear Schoolmates,vIm a four-year student from the English Department.In two weeks,I will graduate from this uni
33、versity.Ive decided not to bring my bike with me when I leave.So Id like to part with it,and sell it to someone who might need it.It is half new,dark and light.With curved bars,it is mainly for ladys use.As far as the price is concerned,Id like to sell it for eighty yuan.Those interested in it can c
34、ome and have a look at it before making a decision.vAdd:Room 402,Student Dormitory Building No.5vTel:1668889v v一TEM4便条的基本要求v(一一)格式格式(format)正确正确TEM4便条的格式便条的格式与普通英文书信格式基本相同。与普通英文书信格式基本相同。v具体来说，它应有日期具体来说，它应有日期(date)、称呼、称呼(salutations)、正文、正文(body)及结尾及结尾(ending)，结尾包括结尾套语结尾包括结尾套语(complimentary close)和和签名
35、签名(signature)。v1.日期指写便条的日期。英文便条的日期一般写在便条的右上角，偶尔也见写在便条的左上角。英文日期一般把年份写在月、日的后面。日期的月、日与年之间通常用逗号隔开。例如，2008年4月21日通常写成April 21，2008或April 21st，2008;当然，由于是非正式书信，也可以去掉年份，写成Apil 2l或April 21st(不过，这种写法，只是最近两年才被TEM4接受)，或者写成21/4/2008或4/21/2008。日期能说明便条的有效度，没有日期，则会使人感到茫然。v2.称呼称呼是指写便条人对收便条人的称谓，一般都以Dear开头，写在日期下一两行、留出
36、左页边空白，顶格写。TEM4试卷中一般对写便条人与收便条人之间的关系作了提示。提示中的“you”指的是写便条人，提到的另一方便是收便条人。称呼时，一般只需在其名字前加Dear即可，如Dear Susan，Dear Tom。若此人有头衔(social title)，称呼时，便要保留其头衔，例如Dr.Herce，要称Dear Dr.Pierce，不称Dear Pierce。如果提示中的另一方是以Mrs.Wang或Mr.Wang出现，称呼时也只需在其前加Dear便可，即称Dear Mrs.Wang或Dear Mr.Wang，若只称Dear Wang则视为不妥。当对方为亲属时，在Dear 后面加上表示
37、亲属关系大写的字眼即可，如Dear Grandpa，Dear Aunt。值得一提的是，近年来TEM4也接受不带Dear的称呼。称呼后面可用逗号，也可用冒号。v3.正文是写便条人要叙述或谈论的事情，是便条的主要组成部分。一般书信是在称呼下方隔两行处开始写正文。但就TEM4便条而言，一般在称呼的下一行开始写正文便可。正文的首行左边一般留约5个字母宽的空白，但也可顶格写。便条的内容简单、字数少，因此，正文一般只需写一段或两段。若有两段，第二段的首行应与第一段的首行对齐写。4.结尾如前所述，结尾包括结尾套语和签名。v(1)结尾套语结尾套语的位置一般是在正文最后一行的下面，从便条的中央部分开始，稍向右缩
38、进。当然，若正文的开头是往左顶格写，此时的结尾套语也应往左顶格写。开头字母要大写，末尾要用逗号。结尾套语为写便条人对收便条人的谦称或客套以示礼貌，措辞的变化按照不同的关系而定。现分述如下：v 致不熟悉的人，宜用较庄重的套语，如致不熟悉的人，宜用较庄重的套语，如Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours，或，或Sincerely等。等。v 对上级、长者，除了可用上述较庄重的套语，也可用对上级、长者，除了可用上述较庄重的套语，也可用Yours respectfully或或Respectfully yours。v 对一般朋友或熟人可用中提到的较庄重的套语，也可对一般朋友或熟人可用
39、中提到的较庄重的套语，也可用用Yours等较为随便的套语。等较为随便的套语。v 对密友则采用较随便的套语为宜。例如，对密友则采用较随便的套语为宜。例如，Yours，Love，With love，Best wishes，Best regards等等。等等。v 对亲属可用下列任何一种对亲属可用下列任何一种：Love，With love，All my love，Yours affectionately，Affectionately yours，Lovingly yours，Yours lovingly，Your loving son(Dad);但对亲人，不宜用Sincerely yours由于TEM
40、4便条写作一般是针对考生日常生活或学习相关的事情，写作的对象一般是其朋友、老师、熟人，因此，TEM4通常只接受Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours，Sincerely，或Yours这几种结尾套语。v(2)签名即写便条人署名，位于结尾套语下，偏右。若结尾套语是往左顶格写，这时的署名也应往左顶格写。签名也由写便条人和收便条人的关系和亲疏程度而定。有时TEM4指定了写便条人的名字，签名时应采用那个名字。若无指定名字，考生也不宜用自己的真名。一般只需写名不写姓，但若用了较庄重的结尾套语，此时可签全名。v(二二)内容完整一般而言，一封理想的内容完整一般而言，一封理想的TEM4便
41、便条应包括以下三点：条应包括以下三点：v(1)写便条的原因写便条的原因;v(2)要告诉的事情要告诉的事情;v(3)有关的希望、建议或要求等。便条写有关的希望、建议或要求等。便条写作提示的情况都是与人们日常生活或学习相作提示的情况都是与人们日常生活或学习相关的事情。关的事情。v例如，对别人提供的帮助表示感谢，邀请朋友参观书展，因不能准时赴约而表示道歉，把信息转告给朋友等。所提示的内容就是考生要表达的思想内容。思想内容有先后之分，要讲究其逻辑性，还得注意其完整性。生活中有些约定俗成的东西，写作时，应考虑这方面的因素。例如，写道歉信时，一般都先向对方表示歉意或内疚，同时说明发生疏忽、过失、或错误的原
42、因，提出弥补的办法，这样有利于取得对方的谅解。现以近年一次英语专业四级考试便条写作为例加以说明：该提示是：Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher，Professor Wang.Write him a note of apology and make a request for another meeting.You should also suggest the time for the requested meeting.仔细阅读这一提示，你就会发现，第一句为第二旬所要求的道歉确定了内容;为了
43、求得对方的谅解，获得另一次会面的机会，你就必须说明前次未能赴约见面的原因。因此，本便条的内容必须包括以下四项：v(1)apologizing for failure to turn up for the appointment，v(2)the reason for failure to turn up，v(3)making a request for another meeting，v(4)suggesting the time for the requested meeting。其中(3)、(4)为提示中明确要求表达的内容，(1)、(2)则是根据道歉类书信特点而必须表达的内容。内容为便条写作
44、的重头戏。写作时，切莫忽视提示中的任何信息，同时要关注交际中所需的相关信息。当然，在注意提示中的信息时，特别是首句，要注意用自己正确的语言来表达，不能完全抄提示，否则会扣分。v(三三)语言得体内容和语言是一个统一体。语言得体内容和语言是一个统一体。内容抓住后，应以恰当的语言来表达。一般来说，便条的语言要简单明嘹，用词平易。当然，语言风格还应与情景一致，不同的对象，所使用的语言应有所不同。相对来说，对上级、长者、不熟悉的人的语言较为正式，对亲朋好友的语言则较为随便。不过，不管对方是谁，行文中都应体现态度诚恳礼貌。v(四四)字数符合要求字数符合要求TEM4便条总字数便条总字数(包括日包括日期、称呼
45、、结尾在内期、称呼、结尾在内)的要求是约的要求是约5060个字个字。尽管在这数字之间还可以少10字，或多20字，即40-80字，不过，还是篇幅适中为好，以免因显得太短或太长而扣分。v二TEM4便条写作中常见的问题便条写作中常见的问题主要表现在格式、内容、语言等方面。v(一)格式方面1.日期部分往往被漏掉，或漏掉日期中年与月、日之间的逗号，或在日期后面加点，或按汉语的顺序写成(如2006年4月22日，写成April 22 2006;April 22，2006.;2006.5.9;其正确形式请参照前文的相应部分)，或按汉语习惯把它写在签名的下面。2.称呼未往左顶格写，或与日期同写一行;称呼后面打句
46、号，或未打逗号或冒号。3.把结尾套语和签名同写一行，或漏写结尾套语，或漏掉结尾套语后面的逗号。v(二)内容方面便条的内容虽简单，但漏掉必须表达的内容的情况时有发生。例如，在前文提到的那次TEM4便条写作，考生对未赴约的原因应加以说明，可不少考生只写了如下相似内容的便条：I am very sorry for missing yesterdays appointment，so I do hope we can make another one.Sunday evening is convenient for me.What about you?内容方面还因理解不透，或自立标准而导致交际不成功的情
47、况也不鲜见。还是以前文提到的那次TEM4便条写作为例，评分取样的九份答卷中就有三份类似的例子。其中一份这样写道，“Im very glad to receive your note.About our appointment I think we can change another time.Maybe tomorrow，I will be free and stay at home all day.If you are also free tomorrow，you can call me at any time.Then I will visit you”该提示要写一封简短的道歉信，而这位
48、考生的答案却与此大相径庭，信中丝毫没有流露出道歉的意念。v(三三)语言方面便条中的语言错误可分为理解语言方面便条中的语言错误可分为理解和表达两大类，主要体现在措辞、语法、拼和表达两大类，主要体现在措辞、语法、拼写等方面。写等方面。vv1.措辞不当措辞不当在这里既指一般遣词造句中出现的语言运用错误(performance errors)，又指因未按TEM4便条测试中提供的语境遣词造句而产生的语用失误(pragmatic failures)，还指因忽视对方的社会或文化背景差异而造成的语用失误。此类问题在TEM4便条写作中相当严重。我们还是以前文提到的那次TEM4便条写作为例：(1)在I would
49、 appreciate you if you could have another meeting with me这句话中，appreciate后面的宾语不妥。只要细心的读者翻阅一下词典，就会发现appreciate(感谢)的英文释义是be grateful for(something)，若把句中的you改为it(代表后面那件事)，或把appreciate改为be grateful to，或把appreciate you改为be grateful，这句话就对了。(2)考生在便条的开头就对因病未能与王教授约会表示道歉后，接着写道：Im anxious to make an appointment
50、 with you.而根据上下文应该是，Im anxious to make another appointment with you(与你另订一次约会)。(3)你(写便条人)自己因某种原因而没去赴约，况且约会的对象是你的老师，事后还要命令对方到你家来见你，或以命令的口吻表示要给你打电话。象“You must come to my home”，或Give me a call to discuss it further这类话有失礼貌，使人读后感到不舒服。v2.语法错误便条中的语法错误有多种，常见的有冠词、词性、动词的时与体、句子结构等错误。(1)冠词错误，如Im anxious to make
