1、How to write a narrative summary 2022-12-17 一一.什么是概要写作？什么是概要写作？概要写作，即用简明的语言概要写作，即用简明的语言转述作者观点。转述作者观点。在找出文章的内容要点后，用自己的话在找出文章的内容要点后，用自己的话转述原文的内容要点。我们一般采用同转述原文的内容要点。我们一般采用同义替换、语态转换、合并句子等方式，义替换、语态转换、合并句子等方式，避免抄袭。另外注意，不要以自己的观避免抄袭。另外注意，不要以自己的观点代替作者的观点。点代替作者的观点。2022-12-17Narrative writing 以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经
2、历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。2022-12-17 记叙文的概要记叙文的概要,一般包括记叙文的一般包括记叙文的六个要素六个要素(who;when;where;what;how;why),),也就是考生应先通读阅读短文也就是考生应先通读阅读短文,找找出这六个要素出这六个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。要素串成一两句话即可。二二.如何展开概要写作如何展开概要写作联串六要素法联串六要素法2022-12-17 当然当然,不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要素素,但但“某人做了某事某人做了某事,结果如何结果如何”是必不可少是必不可少
3、的要素。因此的要素。因此,要写好概要要写好概要,须找到以下两个问须找到以下两个问题的答案：题的答案：(1)(1)谁做了什么？谁做了什么？(who did what)(2)(2)结果如何？结果如何？(what was the result)如果是夹叙夹议的文章，作者还要对故事的内如果是夹叙夹议的文章，作者还要对故事的内容发表议论，或指出故事给人们带来的启示，容发表议论，或指出故事给人们带来的启示，此时，概括要加上这一内容。此时，概括要加上这一内容。2022-12-171.The passage/story is mainly about 本文本文/这这个故事主要是关于个故事主要是关于2.The
4、author tells us a story about 作者告诉作者告诉我们一个关于我们一个关于的故事的故事3.The passage is a story about 本文是一个关本文是一个关于于的故事的故事4.According to the passage，we know 根据根据短文，我们知道短文，我们知道1.）记叙文常用开头语：）记叙文常用开头语：2022-12-172022-12-179.tells/told sb.Something about.10.In this passage,the writer mainly tells us his experience of11.
5、The passage gives us a brief introduction toand explains how2022-12-17 2 2)记叙文概要模板记叙文概要模板a.a.点明写作目的类：点明写作目的类：The writer tells usThe writer tells us(主题主题)by showing us)by showing us an example ofan example of,who/which,who/which(故事情节故事情节).).b.b.作者经历类：作者经历类：In the passage,the writer mainly tells us In
6、 the passage,the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth,whichhis experience of doing sth,whichc.c.他人经历类：他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sbThis passage is mainly about sbs s experience of doing sthexperience of doing sth.2022-12-173）概括的标准要求：2022-12-17 三、概括的写作步骤：三、概括的写作步骤：1.确定主题句。确定阅读文章
7、的主题句，一般在段首。若没有主题句，需要自己组合。2.寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。3.重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统领后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。4.重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。口诀：简括为：缩长见短，省却细腻。(括：概括性。见：间接引语。短：短的连词。细腻：细节和例子)2022-12-17四：概要写作评分细则：（四：概要写作评分细则：（20072007年广东省概要写年广东省概要写作评分标准作评分标
8、准）2022-12-17五：写概括的具体方法2022-12-171)Use words of similar meanings1)Use words of similar meanings同义替换法同义替换法I didnI didnt catch any fish owing to the fact that t catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.I was not patient.I didnI didnt catch any fish_ I was not t catch any fish_ I was not
9、patient.patient.2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正话反说法正话反说法You will fail.=You will _.You will fail.=You will _.2022-12-173)Change the part of speech3)Change the part of speech词性转换法词性转换法Patience is very important.Patience is of Patience is
10、very important.Patience is of _._.4)Change the structure of a sentence4)Change the structure of a sentence句式变化法句式变化法语态变换：语态变换：Parents should give children more Parents should give children more praise.praise.Children should _ more praise.Children should _ more praise.简单句变复合句：简单句变复合句：Children should
11、be encouraged more.This will Children should be encouraged more.This will help them learn faster.help them learn faster.Children should be encouraged more,_ Children should be encouraged more,_ will help them learn faster.will help them learn faster.2022-12-175)Use the shortest possible transitions5
12、)Use the shortest possible transitions连词连词衔接法衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词，如注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but,and,so,but,and,so,while,however,then,yet,for,therefore,while,however,then,yet,for,therefore,thus,including,instead of thus,including,instead of 等。等。We should encourage children.We should not We should encourage children.
13、We should not scold them.scold them.We should encourage children_ We should encourage children_ scolding them.scolding them.6)Change the order of the words.6)Change the order of the words.词序改变法词序改变法2022-12-171)1)删除细节。只保留主要观点。删除细节。只保留主要观点。2)2)避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不
14、能使用的。能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。3 3)删除具体例子。不过，阅读材料本身是由几个删除具体例子。不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到3030个词，那就选个词，那就选择一至两个例子择一至两个例子(即一两个主要节日即一两个主要节日)。注：原文中。注：原文中可能包括可能包括5 5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。二个例子。2022-12
15、-172022-12-172022-12-17例例1(2011年广东年广东)阅读下面短文阅读下面短文,然后按要求写一篇然后按要求写一篇150词左右词左右的英语短文。的英语短文。When Samfirst got to his boarding school with his parents,he was very happy.He thought he would be able to go home every weekend.When he was told he would not,he started crying because the thought of not seeing h
16、is parents was driving him crazy.2022-12-17He was given uniforms and all other things that he would need for the term.He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave.He was then taken to the dorm,where he saw other children happy.He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not becau
17、se his mind was at home.He started feeling homesick(想家想家)and wanted to go homes as soon as possible.2022-12-17 He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food.He could not concentrate in the classroom.All he could think was being at home with his family.He had no mobile phone or other mean
18、s to get in touch with his parents.He was angry and felt lonely.He thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school.写作内容写作内容1.以约以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；个词概括上文的主要内容；2.以约以约120个词讲述一次你个词讲述一次你(或你的朋友或你的朋友)想想家的经历。家的经历。2022-12-17解题过程解题过程第一步第一步,根据写作内容根据写作内容2,快速获取大意。快速获取大意。解题前解题前,可以通过
19、写作内容可以通过写作内容2和材料文和材料文体体,快速准确地把握阅读材料的主要内容并快速准确地把握阅读材料的主要内容并形成概要的基本框架。如本题阅读写作形成概要的基本框架。如本题阅读写作内容内容2,并扫视材料可知是记叙文并扫视材料可知是记叙文,于是可于是可推知推知,本文的概要框架应是：本文的概要框架应是：Sam想家的时想家的时间、地点、原因、影响和结果。间、地点、原因、影响和结果。2022-12-17第二步：阅读材料，回答以下两个问题。第二步：阅读材料，回答以下两个问题。(1)谁做了什么？谁做了什么？Sam got to a boarding school and he felt homesic
20、k.(2)结果如何？结果如何？He got sick.He was angry with his parents and felt lonely.2022-12-17第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文如下：如下：范文范文1：Sam could not get used to the life of the boarding school,and he thought his parents hated him and left him in it,which made him sick,angry and lonely.范文范文2：In the p
21、assage,the writer talks about Sams experience of homesickness.He suffered a lot and felt dissatisfied with his parents after being left in a boarding school.2022-12-172022-12-17Possible version:From the passage we know the United Kingdom consists of four countries:England,Walse,Scotland and Northern Ireland.It also gives us a brief intruduction to England and London,and explains how the culture of England was influenced by its invaders.2022-12-172022-12-17
