1、板块一 语法板块 语法填空和短文改错第一步 题型通路二短文改错析考情明确方向研题型解锁疑难做真题感悟高考目 录ONTENTS刷题组题型突破题目要求：假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。A(2018全国卷)During my last winter h
2、oliday,I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there.The first time I went there,they were living in a small house with dogs,ducks,and another animals.Last winter when I went here again,they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.They also had a
3、 small pond which they raised fish.My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.I felt happily that their life had improved.At the end of our trip,I told my father that I planned to return for every two years,but he agreed.B(2018全国卷)When I was little,Fridays night was our fam
4、ily game night.After supper,we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.As the kid,I loved to watch cartoons,but no matter how many times I asked to watching them,my parents would not to let me.They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.Still I unwilling to play th
5、e games for them sometimes.I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.C(2018全国卷)It was Monday morning,and the writing class had just begin.Everyone was silent,wait to see who wo
6、uld be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity;others were nervous and anxious.I had done myself homework,but I was shy.I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.At that moment,I remembered that my fath
7、er once said，“The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks,and mistake as well.”Immediate,I raised my hand.全国卷3年考点分布表 从近三年全国卷九套试题的短文改错中，可以看出：1长度：短文有710句话，含93119个词。2内容：类似学生习作，贴近学生生活。3体裁：最近几年都是记叙文。4考点：几乎涉及考纲所列的所有语法项目：名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、谓语动词(包括时态、语态、主谓一致、情态动词和虚拟语气)、非谓语动词、词
8、性误用、比较等级、常用词语辨析等。各卷考点无差别，备考时必须复习考纲所列所有语法项目。5考法(1)错误类型：错1个词、多1个词、少1个词的比例是8 1 1。(2)每句话中最多设2处错。即有的句子无错，有的句子有1处错，有的有2处错。(3)需要变形的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词。(4)少了一个词，要求添加的词有冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号to、人称代词、物主代词等。(5)多了一个词，要求删除的词有冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号to、助动词、副词等。(6)标点符号、单词拼写、大小写和词序等不设错。短文改错的宗旨是考查考生在语篇中发现、判断、纠正错误的能力，检测考生对所学知识的运用能力。预计201
9、9年高考英语短文改错仍将以记叙文为主；题材也会保持稳定，一般涉及学生个人的情感与经历、学校生活、人物故事、人与自然等。短文改错的考点涉及词法、句法和行文逻辑，其中句法是考生备考的重点。解题流程词法的测试包括：名词的单复数和名词的所有格；定冠词和不定冠词的用法；动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词；情态动词；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词与副词的区别及其比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。词法错误类在短文改错题中占很大的比例，我们需要特别注意。对于这类题，我们要仔细分析句子成分，细心观察，并在平时学习过程中
10、多积累语言知识。(2018全国卷)After supper，we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.分析考查名词单复数。all 修饰可数名词sort，用其复数形式sorts。(2018全国卷)It was Monday morning,and the writing class had just begin.分析 考查时态。根据句意：写作课刚刚已经开始，再结合前面的had，表明这是一个过去完成时的句子。(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just
11、in the middle of the road.分析考查形容词。句意：我松了口气，来了个紧急刹车，车子正好停在了路中间。此处stop是名词，名词前用形容词修饰。(2017全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,I took driving lessons.分析考查数词。句意：在我十八岁生日后的那个暑假，我学习驾驶。eighteen意为“十八，十八个”，表示数量；eighteenth表示“第十八个的”，为序数词。表达多少岁生日用序数词。答案核查 1.sortsorts2.beginbegun3suddenlysudde
12、n4.eighteeneighteenth 句法的测试包括：固定句型；主谓一致；名词性从句中的连接词的运用，定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词的运用和强调句等；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。这些错误通常与句子成分的分析紧密相关，所以难度较大。(2018全国卷)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.分析考查状语从句。父母是在我小时候教我玩纸牌的，所以此处要用when引导时间状语从句。(2017全国卷)I have grown not
13、only physically,and also mentally in the past few years.分析考查固定句型。not only.but also.不但而且，为固定句型。(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”分析考查祈使句。分析语境可知教练的话“加速！”“减速！”“左转！”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up！”“Slow down！”可以看出这三个指令是并列结构。祈使句应该用动词原形开头。(2017全国卷)Around me in the
14、 picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time.分析考查定语从句。things是先行词，后面是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故引导词用that或which。答案核查 1.wherewhen2.andbut3TurningTurn4.theythat/which语篇的测试包括：上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。判断这类错误，要从上下文、惯用法、主从复合句的句意来找到错误。若为并列句，要从上下文来判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是其他关系，从而选择恰当的连词。若为复合句
15、，应首先判断属于哪一种从句，然后根据主、从句之间的逻辑关系判断连接词的使用正确与否。(2018全国卷)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.分析考查代词。由上下文可知，谈话的宾语是“我”。(2017全国卷)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.分析考查行文逻辑。句意：这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的快乐时光。此处是作者以自己的口吻写的“我的快乐时光”。(2017全国卷)Before
16、 getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructors orders,so once I started the car,my mind went blank.分析考查行文逻辑。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的指令，结果一发动汽车，脑中一片空白，所以上下文为转折关系。答案核查 1.usme2.yourmy 3sobut/yetA(2018贵州铜仁一中模拟)As winter comes,there are much rain and snow in many parts of our country includin
17、g our city.It is too cold that an increasing number of students catch a cold.Even worse,some students fell down and hurt them because the icy roads.So we should protect ourselves from cold weather and there are many things what are of help.First，we should put up more clothes when going outside.Then
18、to remember not to run or walk too fast on slippery roads.Luckily，some measures have been taking to prevent us from falling down.For example,some mats have been placed on the step of the teaching building.I hope everyone is safe and health.B(2018河北衡水中学期末)Great changes have taken place in the way of
19、communication in peoples life in recent years.In the past，people kept in touch with each other mainly by written letters or using the public telephone.But now almost everyone have his own mobile phone.People can communicate for each other almost at any place and at any time.Whats more，people have ea
20、sy access to the Internet，what enables them to send and receive emails whatever they like.With this changes，peoples pace of life has been quickened and peoples work has been made more efficiently.It is used to take several days to hear of each other,but now it takes only several minutes,even if they are on two different continents.In word,people have an easier life nowadays.答案：Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in peoples life in recent years.
