1、非谓语动词非谓语动词过去分词过去分词 v-ed不定式不定式to do动名词动名词现在分词现在分词分分 词词-ing-ing 形式形式动名词动名词-ing现在分词现在分词v-ing动词不定式的使动词不定式的使用用To do like that To do like that is foolish.is foolish.I want I want to see you to see you I am I am to visit youto visit youHe has lots of work He has lots of work to doto do.I study hard I study
2、 hard to improve to improve EnglishEnglish.The teacher ask me The teacher ask me to to answer the question.answer the question.主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补1.主语主语swimming is my hobby.2.宾语宾语I like swimming.3.表语表语My hobby is swimming.4.定语定语I want to buy a swimming suit.动名词动名词可以以下成分可以以下成分:1.表语The music
3、is moving.2.定语I dont like the people talking loudly in public.3.宾补We heard her singing in her room.4.状语Reading a newspaper,She sat at the table.现在分词现在分词可以以下成分可以以下成分:1.表语The teacher is moved.2.定语I dont like the man talked about at the party.3.宾补We heard a song sung in her room.4.状语Lost in a newspaper
4、,She didnt notice me.过去分词过去分词可以以下成分可以以下成分:非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语不不定定式式动动名名词词分分词词主语主语宾语宾语 表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语非谓语动词非谓语动词，不是做谓语的动词。当句中已经有了谓语，不是做谓语的动词。当句中已经有了谓语动词，并且句中没有连词时，需要用非谓语动词了。动词，并且句中没有连词时，需要用非谓语动词了。The girl is Mary.If I am given more time,I ll c
5、atch up with you.The girl dancing in the hall is Mary.Given more time,Ill catch up with you.主语主语系系(谓语谓语)表语表语非谓语动词非谓语动词（定）（定）非谓语动词非谓语动词（状语）（状语）连词连词主语主语谓语谓语宾宾谓语谓语Analyze the sentence：划分句子结构：划分句子结构观察下列例句观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词找出非谓语动词,并且判断做并且判断做什么成分什么成分.()1.Asked why he did it,he said it was his duty.2.Being ill
6、,he didnt go to school.()3.Working hard,you will do well in your exams.()4.His parents died in the war,leaving him an orphan ()5.They went into the room,laughing and talking.()6.To make much progress in English,he studies hard.()观察下列例句观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词找出非谓语动词,并且判断做并且判断做什么成分什么成分.()1.Asked why he did it,
7、he said it was his duty.2.Being ill,he didnt go to school.()3.Working hard,you will do well in your exams.()4.His parents died in the war,leaving him an orphan.()5.They went into the room,laughing and talking.()6.To make much progress in English,he studies hard.()观察下列例句观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词找出非谓语动词,并且判断做并且判
8、断做什么成分什么成分 ()1.Asked why he did it,he said it was his duty.2.Being ill,he didnt go to school.()3.Working hard,you will do well in your exams.()4.His parents died in the war,leaving him an orphan ()5.They went into the room,laughing and talking.()6.To make much progress in English,he studies hard.()原
9、因状语原因状语条件状语条件状语结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语目的状语目的状语 时间状语时间状语 1非谓语动词做状语的形式：非谓语动词做状语的形式：doing/having done done/being done/having been done to do/to be done二二.做题方法：做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，判动词先后逻辑关系，判动词先后三三.高考易混点高考易混点1)分词作状语分词作状语形式形式意义意义doinghaving donedonebeing donehaving been done主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本主动，与主句
10、谓语动词同时或基本同时发生同时发生主动，先于谓语动词发生主动，先于谓语动词发生被动被动被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首句首被动，先于谓语动词发生被动，先于谓语动词发生2)不定式做状语 形式形式 意义意义To do 主动，将来主动，将来To be doneTo be doingTo have doneTo have been done 被动，被动，将来将来主动，主动，正在正在主动，完成主动，完成被动，完成被动，完成1.Seeing from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.2.Th
11、e lawyer listened with full attention,trying not to miss any point.3.Not having received a reply,he decided to write again.4.Having waited in the queue for half of an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.一一.doing/having done 做状语做状语 主语与非谓语动词为主语与非谓语动词为主动关系主动关系，having do
12、ne 强调动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。强调动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。After the old man _ in the queuefor half an hour,he suddenly realized he hadhad waited1.Seen from the top of the mountain,the city looks beautiful.2.Compared with those who lived in the slums,Children here are really lucky.3.Having been separated from other contine
13、nts for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.4.Having been shown around the Water Cube,we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.5.Being repaired,the access to the museum is locked.二二.done/being done/having be
14、en done 做状语做状语 主语与非谓语动词之间为被动关系；主语与非谓语动词之间为被动关系；having been done 发生在主句谓语动词之前发生在主句谓语动词之前1.Not to fail the examination,all the students are studying hard.2.He hurried to the station,only to be told that the train had left.3.He hurried to the booking office only to find that all the tickets had been sol
15、d out.4.I feel greatly honored to be welcomed into their society.三三.to do 做目的，原因，结果状语做目的，原因，结果状语 to be done 是被动结构是被动结构目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语结果状语结果状语原因状语原因状语表目的表目的表表 原原 因因表表 结结 果果2)不定式做状语 形式形式 意义意义To do 主动，将来主动，将来To be doneTo be doingTo have doneTo have been done 被动，被动，将来将来主动，主动，正在正在主动，完成主动，完成被动，完成被动，完成I s
16、tudy hard _ the people well.to serveTo serve the people well,I study hard.(置于句首加强语气)In order to serve the people well,I study hard.(更加强语气)I study hard so as to serve the people well.(不可用于句首)表目的表目的He is lucky _ here on time.to getI am happy _ you again.Li Ming seemed willing _ that.I am sorry _ that.
17、to seeto doto hear(作原因状语时常修饰表作原因状语时常修饰表感情感情的形容词的形容词,表示表示产生这种感情的原因产生这种感情的原因.)表表 原原 因因I hurried to get there only to find him out.He hurried to the station,only to be told the bus had left.1）(only to do 表示意料之外的结果表示意料之外的结果)2）too.to/enough to/so as to表表 结结 果果His family was too poor to support him He is
18、old enough to go to school.The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.这房子又高又窄，像一座塔这房子又高又窄，像一座塔 不定式做状语时应该注意：不定式做状语时应该注意：1not/never tooto do,toonot to do,but/only too to do,too ready to do,too eager to do表示肯定意义。表示肯定意义。He is too careful not to have noticed that.他那么小心他那么小心,肯定会注意到那一点的。肯定会注意到那
19、一点的。She is too sad not to help crying.她那么伤心，忍不住哭了。她那么伤心，忍不住哭了。I am only too glad to help you.我很高兴能帮助你。我很高兴能帮助你。I am only never too glad to know you.认识你我再高兴不过了。认识你我再高兴不过了。Mary was only too ready to help others.玛丽总是乐于助人玛丽总是乐于助人.You cannot be too careful when you drive car.你开车时无论怎么小心都不过分。你开车时无论怎么小心都不过分
20、。1)分词作状语分词作状语形式形式意义意义doinghaving donedonebeing donehaving been done主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生同时发生主动，先于谓语动词发生主动，先于谓语动词发生被动被动被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首句首被动，先于谓语动词发生被动，先于谓语动词发生1.表时间表时间2.表原因表原因4.表方式表方式,伴随伴随5.表结果表结果现在分词做状语3.表让步表让步1.表时间表时间2.表原因表原因4.表伴随表伴随5.表结果表结果过去分词做状语3.表条件、让步表条件、让步A.作时间状
21、语：作时间状语：When they heard the bad news，they couldnt help crying.=_(hear)the bad news,they couldnt help crying.When we were taken around the city,we were deeply impressed by the citys new look.When _ around the city,we were deeply impressed by the citys new look.After he finished his work,he went home.
22、_ his work,he went home.Hearing taken Having finishedB.作原因状语作原因状语：Because he was poor,he could not afford to travel abroad.=_(be poor),he could not afford to travel abroad._(encourage)by his heroic deeds,they worked harder._(lose)in thought,he almost ran into a post._(frighten)by the big forest fire
23、,the animals all ran away._(not know)her address,we couldnt get in touch with her.Being poorEncouragedLostFrightenedNot knowingBecause I hadnt received his letter,I decided to call him up.=_(not receive)his letter,I decided to call him up._(never be)to the city,he soon got lost.Not having receivedHa
24、ving never beenC.方式方式/伴随状语伴随状语:She watched the film,_(weep)and _(sigh).The teacher stood there,_(surround)by a lot of students.D.作条件状语作条件状语：If I were given another chance,I would have done the job far better.=_ another chance,I would have done the job far better.(If)_(play)all day,you will waste you
25、r valuable time.weepingsighingsurroundedGivenPlayingE.作结果状语：作结果状语：(意料中的结果意料中的结果)The hunters fired,_(shoot)one of the wolves.The bus was held up by the snowstorm,thus _(cause)the delay.区别区别:不定式表示意外的结果不定式表示意外的结果 He hurried to the station,only _(find)the train had left.F.作让步状语作让步状语：Though it heavily ra
26、ined heavily,it cleared up very soon.=_,it cleared up very soon.Though _(tell)of the danger,he still risked his life to save the boy.shootingcausingto findRaining heavilytold分词作状语时分词作状语时,需注意需注意:A.分词短语作状语时分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是它的逻辑主语通常应是_ _(see)from the hill,the city is beautiful._(see)from the hill,you
27、 can see the whole city.B.分词短语的位置分词短语的位置:一般来说一般来说,时间时间,原因原因,条件条件,让步等分词短语多放在句首让步等分词短语多放在句首;而表结果而表结果,伴随的分词短语放在句尾伴随的分词短语放在句尾.Finding the door locked,Tom went home.(_)Tom went home,finding the door locked.（_）主句的主语主句的主语SeenSeeing原因原因结果结果二二.非谓语动词做状语非谓语动词做状语的解题方法的解题方法（一）析句子结构（一）析句子结构,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”1._m
28、any times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Being told C.He had been told D.Though he was toldCA注意注意连词连词 非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。（二）找（二）找逻辑主语逻辑主语1.They went into the room,laughing
29、 and talking.2.Given more time,I can do better.一一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的_._.主语主语 1._ from the top,the stadium looks like a bird nest.A.Seeing B.Seen2._ from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.A.Seeing B.Seenthe stadiumthe astronautSeenSeeing1._ different cul
30、tures,we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the mainly similarities.2._ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.A.Compared B.Comparing C.To compareComparingwethe biggest oceanWe compare the biggest ocean with/to the size of the whole ocean.=Th
31、e biggest ocean is compared with/to the size of the whole earth.（三）辨逻辑关系（三）辨逻辑关系即判断主被动即判断主被动Compared（四）（四）判动词先后判动词先后 1._ the old man,the young people started walking slowly.A.Followed B.Following C.To follow D.Having followed2._ the fruit,the girl became pregnant and gave a birth to a handsome boy.A
32、.Having swallowed B.Swallowing C.To swallowFollowing Having swallowedC1._ yourself to sunlight for too much time,you will get your skin sun-burnt._ to sunlight for too much time,your skin will be harmed.A.ExposedB.Having exposed C.ExposingD.After being exposed2._ such heavy pollution already,it may
33、now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having sufferedB.Suffering C.To suffer D.SufferedAATest yourself3.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.having begunC.beginningD.begun4.Finding her car stolen,_.A.a policeman was asked to help B.the area was search
34、ing thoroughly C.it was looked for everywhere D.she hurried to a policeman for help5.The idea for the new plan came to his mind,_to his experiment in the lab.Awhile devoting B.while devoting himselfCwhile he was devoted D.while devoted DDC形成性检测形成性检测1.改写下列句子改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语其划线部分应改为分词短语(C级级)1.Look
35、round when you cross the street.2.When she heard the news,she burst into laughter.3.As she was still rather weak,she could not stay up for too long.4.Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other.5.A cold rain was falling.It was mixed with snow.when crossing the streetWhen hear
36、ing the newsBeing rather weakwhen introduced to each other,mixed with snow6.While we were walking in the street,we met some friends of ours.7.The old man walked slowly.He was supported by his little grandson.8.The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful.9.There is a tall tree wh
37、ich covers the entrance to the cave.10.The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money.coveringdisclosingAs soon as they heard the bad news,they couldnt help crying.Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help cryingOn hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.(doing 动作一发生,主句动作立即发生)1.
38、表时间表时间While she was playing the piano,she got very excited.While playing the piano,she got very excited.(doing 动作进行中,主句动作发生了.这时when 或 while一般要加上。)1.表时间表时间Having turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons.After turning off the radio,he began to go over his lessons.After he had turned off th
39、e radio,he began to go over his lessons.(doing动作完成后,主句动作才发生.)1.表时间表时间As he forgot his manners,he put his feet up on the desk.Forgetting his manners,he put his feet up on the desk.Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.(doing动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生.)Because he was so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.2.表原因表原因Beca
40、use/As he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.(doing动作发生在主句动作之前，用doing的完成式.)2.表原因表原因Although he worked from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.Although working from morning till night,he didnt get enough
41、food.(although/even if/even though+doing.)3.表让步表让步They sang and laughed;they came into the classroom.They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.(表方式和伴随时,谓语动作是主要的,doing是次要动作.)4.表方式表方式,伴随伴随The bus was held up by the snowstorm,so it caused the delay.The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing t
42、he delay.5.表结果表结果1.表时间表时间2.表原因表原因4.表伴随表伴随5.表结果表结果过去分词做状语3.表条件、让步表条件、让步When the city is seen from the hill,it is beautiful.Seen from the hill,the city is beautiful.1.表时间表时间Confused by the stones flying at them from all sides,the boys ran into the building.As the boys were confused by the stones flyin
43、g at them from all sides,they ran into the building.2.表原因表原因Even though defeated again,the scientist didnt give up.(一般来讲,时间,原因,条件,让步状语多放与句首,结果,伴随,方式状语多放在句末.)Given more water,the fish couldnt die.3.表条件、让步表条件、让步现在分词现在分词作状语作状语,doing与句子的与句子的主语是主语是主动关系主动关系,即主语是即主语是doing动作的动作的执行者执行者.过去分词过去分词做状语做状语,done与句子
44、的与句子的主语是主语是被动关系被动关系,即主语是即主语是done动动作的作的承受者承受者.分词作状语时前面可用连词分词作状语时前面可用连词1.when,while,once,if,unless,though等引导的状语从句，若其主语与主句等引导的状语从句，若其主语与主句主语相同时，可保留该副词连接词，其余部分则化简为分词短语。主语相同时，可保留该副词连接词，其余部分则化简为分词短语。While walking along the street early in the morning,he saw her.一早在街上散步时，他看到了她。If falling ill,Ill see my doc
45、tor.如果生病我会去看医生。Once completed,this power station supplies the nearby towns and villages with electricity.这个电站一旦建成，将向附近的城乡供电。Even though given every opportunity,they would not try.即使给他们一切机会，他们也不肯试一试。Though knowing the truth,he remained silent.虽然他知道实情，却保持沉默。Unless invited,I am not going abroad.除非受到邀请，
46、要不然我是不会出国的。分词或分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句中的主语相同（即保持一致）,否则句子是错误的。Entering the room,I found the walls newly-painted.我走进房间时，发现墙壁油漆一新。Entering the room，the first thing that met eyes was the newly-painted wallsBadly wounded,the soldier was sent to hospital at once 士兵受了重伤，立即被送到医院。Badly wounded，we sent the soldier
47、to hospital at once Being very busy，I could not afford the time to go to the cinema我因为太忙，不能花时间去看电影了。Being very busy，the film tickets were given to others（对）（对）（对）（对）（对）（对）（错）（错）（错）（错）（错）（错）1非谓语动词做状语的形式：非谓语动词做状语的形式：doing/having done done/having been done to do/to be done二二.做题方法：做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩析句子结
48、构，找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，判动词先后逻辑关系，判动词先后三三.高考易混点高考易混点三三.非谓语动词做状语非谓语动词做状语高考易混点高考易混点1.(only)to do 和和(thus)doing 做结果状语做结果状语1.His parents died,_ him an orphan.A.left B.leaving C.leave D.to leave2.He rushed to the train station,only _ the train had gone.A.finding B.found C.finds D.to find (only)to do 出乎意料出乎意料,意料之外意
49、料之外 (thus)doing 顺其自然顺其自然,意料之中意料之中做结果做结果状语时状语时2.doing 做伴随状语和做伴随状语和to do 做目的状语做目的状语1).The secretary worked late into night,_a long speech.(prepare)The secretary worked late into night _ a long speech.2)Write to the editor,_ that the editor would be able to help her（hope）preparinghopingto prepare,3.tas
50、te,feel,smell,taste，为感官动词，常用现，为感官动词，常用现在分词做定语或状语。没有被动语态。在分词做定语或状语。没有被动语态。1._delicious,the apples sells well.A.Tasted B.Tasting C.To taste D.Having been tasted2._sweet,the flowers in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.To smell B.Smelling C.Smelt D.To be smelt4.4.非谓语动词
