1、非谓语非谓语-不定式的用法不定式的用法结构结构:to do (否定否定)not to do 二二.时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been doing to have been done-不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.To do
2、that implies taking responsibility.当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。而将不定式放到谓语的后面。It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.三三.用法用法/功能功能(1)不定式做不定式做主语主语It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：列结构中：a)It is形容词形容词(easy,important,diffic
3、ult,foolish,inconvenient,unnecessary,right,wrong.)(for/of sb.)不定式不定式 It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.b)It is名词名词(a pleasure,a pity,ones duty,an honor,a
4、shame,no easy job.)不定式不定式 It is a waste of time to read that kind of book.It is a pity to have to go without her.c)It takes(sb.)some time(hours,months,days,a lot of time,patience.)不定式不定式 It takes me three hours to learn English each day.It took them half the night to get home in the snow.(2)不定式作表语不定
5、式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等。等。The most important thing for ones health is to have plenty of exercise.What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask
6、,attempt,beg,begin,choose,claim,demand,decide,desire,determine,expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,refuse,seek,want等。等。I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.3)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中:主语动词主语动词it形容词不定式。形容
7、词不定式。We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.I think it important to learn English well in college.使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe,consider,declare,feel,find,guess,imagine,prove,realize,suppose,think,等。等。(4)宾语补足语宾语补足语 He asked you to call him at ten oclock.The note reminds me to be careful whate
8、ver I do.Id never allow my children to behave like that.Jim told Li Ming to give his best wishes to everybody.注意：当不定式放在下列动词后面作宾语补语时，注意：当不定式放在下列动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带不定式不带to。常用口诀如下：五看三室（使）两厅（听）一感常用口诀如下：五看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉觉五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉 feelWhe
9、never something is wrong with you,please do let me know.I will have the students write a passage about Internet.It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.不定式有时起形容词作用修饰名词或代词，在句中担任不定式有时起形容词作用修饰名词或代词，在句中担任定语。不定式作定语时，它的位置在它所修饰的名词或定语。不定式作定语时，它的位置在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。代词之后。Have you got anything to
10、 say？Are there many places to see in London？I have some books to give you.They were the first to come to China.She is the last to come.注意注意：不定式修饰不定式修饰something，anything，nothing时，放时，放置在它们的后面。置在它们的后面。不定式作定语不定式作定语注意注意如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面就应有代词是不定式动作的地点、工具
11、等，不定式后面就应有必要的介词。必要的介词。They have a lot of things to talk about.（talk是不是不及物动词，必须加上介词及物动词，必须加上介词about）He is looking for a room to live in.（live是不及物是不及物动词，必须加上介词动词，必须加上介词in；同时；同时room是不定式是不定式live这一动这一动作的地点，也必须加上作的地点，也必须加上in，否则，否则to live the room是不是不成立的，只能是成立的，只能是to live in the room）There is nothing to wo
12、rry about.不定式在句子中担任状语，表示目的、原因和结果。不定式在句子中担任状语，表示目的、原因和结果。表目的表目的做目的状语，常用的结构：做目的状语，常用的结构：to do;in order to do,so as to do,so/such as to do,etc.Ex.I come here to say good-bye to you.表原因表原因不定式可以在不定式可以在glad，happy之类表达感情的形容词后面之类表达感情的形容词后面来修饰该形容词表示来修饰该形容词表示“因为因为而而”的意思。的意思。I am glad to be here.我很高兴能在这里。我很高兴能在
13、这里。I am sorry to trouble you.很抱歉给你添麻烦。很抱歉给你添麻烦。不定式作状语不定式作状语做结果状语做结果状语 常与副词常与副词only,enough 或或too连用。连用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.不定式的否定结构多由：不定式的否定结构多由：“not+不定式不定式”构成，构成，否定副词否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly 等要置于等要置于to前。前。Please tell your child not to play in the
14、street.She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.四、不定式的否定结构四、不定式的否定结构一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again.完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.三、不
15、定式的时态三、不定式的时态Multiple choices She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen 2.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.A.to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing 3.It seems that he has no pen _.A.to write B.to write with C.wr
16、iting D.writing with 4.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market,many state-run companies are striving _ their products more competitive.A.to make B.making C.to have make D.having make 5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to
17、make C.not making D.do not make 6.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen 7.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports star.had B.having C.to
18、have D.have8.I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody,but the managers plan is unfair.A to sound B.to be sounded C.Sounding D.to have sounded9.-Is Bob still performing?-Im afraid not.He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.to have left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to be left 1.Summarize the rules of infinitive in your own way.2.Finish the exercises of“Discovering useful structures”on Page 5-6.HomeworkSee you next time!此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢
