1、咸阳城东楼咸阳城东楼【许浑】【许浑】字用晦，丹阳字用晦，丹阳（今属江苏）人，唐代（今属江苏）人，唐代诗人。晚年归丹阳丁卯诗人。晚年归丹阳丁卯桥村舍闲居，自编诗集，桥村舍闲居，自编诗集，曰丁卯集。曰丁卯集。走近作者走近作者 此诗大约是许浑于唐宣宗大中三年此诗大约是许浑于唐宣宗大中三年（849849）任监察御史的时候所写。此时大唐）任监察御史的时候所写。此时大唐王朝已经处于风雨飘摇之际，政治非常腐王朝已经处于风雨飘摇之际，政治非常腐败，农民起义此起彼伏。一个秋天的傍晚，败，农民起义此起彼伏。一个秋天的傍晚，诗人登上咸阳古城楼观赏风景，即兴写下诗人登上咸阳古城楼观赏风景，即兴写下了这首七律。了这首七
2、律。写作背景写作背景诗词诵读诗词诵读一上高城万里愁，蒹葭杨柳似汀洲。一上高城万里愁，蒹葭杨柳似汀洲。溪云初起日沉阁，山雨欲来风满楼。溪云初起日沉阁，山雨欲来风满楼。鸟下绿芜秦苑夕，蝉鸣黄叶汉宫秋。鸟下绿芜秦苑夕，蝉鸣黄叶汉宫秋。行人莫问当年事，故国东来渭水流。行人莫问当年事，故国东来渭水流。登上百尺高楼，引我万里乡愁。芦苇杨登上百尺高楼，引我万里乡愁。芦苇杨柳丛生，好似家乡沙洲。柳丛生，好似家乡沙洲。乌云刚刚浮起在溪水边上，夕阳已经沉乌云刚刚浮起在溪水边上，夕阳已经沉落楼阁后面。山雨即将来临，满楼风声落楼阁后面。山雨即将来临，满楼风声飒飒。飒飒。秦汉宫苑，一片荒凉。鸟儿落入乱草之中，秦汉宫苑，
3、一片荒凉。鸟儿落入乱草之中，秋蝉鸣叫枯黄叶间。秋蝉鸣叫枯黄叶间。行人莫问当年繁华盛事，都城依旧，只见行人莫问当年繁华盛事，都城依旧，只见渭水不停东流。渭水不停东流。诗词赏析诗词赏析一上高城万里愁，蒹葭杨柳似汀洲。一上高城万里愁，蒹葭杨柳似汀洲。此诗首联扣题，抒情写景。此诗首联扣题，抒情写景。“蒹葭蒹葭”，暗用诗经暗用诗经国风国风秦风秦风蒹葭的诗意，蒹葭的诗意，表思念心绪。表思念心绪。诗人一登上咸阳高高的城楼，向南望去，诗人一登上咸阳高高的城楼，向南望去，远处烟笼蒹葭，雾罩杨柳，很像长江中的汀远处烟笼蒹葭，雾罩杨柳，很像长江中的汀洲。诗人游宦长安，远离家乡，一旦登临，洲。诗人游宦长安，远离家乡，
4、一旦登临，思乡之情涌上心头。蒹葭杨柳，居然略类江思乡之情涌上心头。蒹葭杨柳，居然略类江南。万里之愁，正以乡思为始。南。万里之愁，正以乡思为始。“一上一上”表明触发诗人情感时间之短瞬，表明触发诗人情感时间之短瞬，“万里万里”则极言愁思空间之迢遥广大，一个则极言愁思空间之迢遥广大，一个“愁愁”字，奠定了全诗的基调。笔触低沉，字，奠定了全诗的基调。笔触低沉，景致凄迷，触景生情，苍凉伤感的情怀落笔景致凄迷，触景生情，苍凉伤感的情怀落笔即出，意远而势雄。即出，意远而势雄。溪云初起日沉阁，山雨欲来风满楼。溪云初起日沉阁，山雨欲来风满楼。颔联写晚眺远景，寓意深远。这是对自颔联写晚眺远景，寓意深远。这是对自然
5、景物的临摹，也是对唐王朝日薄西山，危然景物的临摹，也是对唐王朝日薄西山，危机四伏的没落局势的形象化勾画，它淋漓尽机四伏的没落局势的形象化勾画，它淋漓尽致而又形象传神地写出了诗人致而又形象传神地写出了诗人“万里愁万里愁”的的真实原因。真实原因。云起日沉，雨来风满，动感分明；云起日沉，雨来风满，动感分明；“风为雨头风为雨头”，含蕴深刻。此联常用来比，含蕴深刻。此联常用来比喻重大事件发生前的紧张气氛，是千古传喻重大事件发生前的紧张气氛，是千古传咏的名句。咏的名句。鸟下绿芜秦苑夕，蝉鸣黄叶汉宫秋。鸟下绿芜秦苑夕，蝉鸣黄叶汉宫秋。颈联写晚眺近景，虚实结合：山雨将到，颈联写晚眺近景，虚实结合：山雨将到，鸟
6、雀仓惶逃入遍地绿芜、秋蝉悲鸣躲在黄叶鸟雀仓惶逃入遍地绿芜、秋蝉悲鸣躲在黄叶高林。这些是诗人眼前的实景。但早已荡然高林。这些是诗人眼前的实景。但早已荡然无存的无存的“秦苑秦苑”“”“汉宫汉宫”又给人无尽联想。又给人无尽联想。禁苑深宫，而今绿芜遍地，黄叶满林；禁苑深宫，而今绿芜遍地，黄叶满林；唯有鸟雀和虫鸣，不识兴亡，依然如故。历唯有鸟雀和虫鸣，不识兴亡，依然如故。历史的演进，王朝的更替，世事的变化沧桑，史的演进，王朝的更替，世事的变化沧桑，把诗人的愁怨从把诗人的愁怨从“万里万里”推向推向“千古千古”，以，以实景叠合虚景，吊古之情油然而生。实景叠合虚景，吊古之情油然而生。行人莫问当年事，故国东来渭
7、水流。行人莫问当年事，故国东来渭水流。尾联作结，融情于景。尾联作结，融情于景。“莫问莫问”二字，二字，并非劝诫之辞，实乃令人思索之语，它让读并非劝诫之辞，实乃令人思索之语，它让读者从悲凉颓败的自然景物中钩沉历史的教训。者从悲凉颓败的自然景物中钩沉历史的教训。一个一个“流流”字，则暗示出颓势难救的痛字，则暗示出颓势难救的痛惜之情。渭水无语东流的景象中，融铸着诗惜之情。渭水无语东流的景象中，融铸着诗人相思的忧愁和感古伤今的悲凉，委婉含蓄，人相思的忧愁和感古伤今的悲凉，委婉含蓄，令人伤感。令人伤感。此诗用云、日、风、雨层层推进，又以此诗用云、日、风、雨层层推进，又以绿芜、黄叶来渲染，勾勒出一个萧条凄
8、凉的绿芜、黄叶来渲染，勾勒出一个萧条凄凉的意境，借秦苑、汉宫的荒废，抒发了对家国意境，借秦苑、汉宫的荒废，抒发了对家国衰败的无限感慨。衰败的无限感慨。课堂小结课堂小结 全诗情景交融，景中寓情，诗人通过对全诗情景交融，景中寓情，诗人通过对景物的描写，赋予抽象的感情以形体，在呈景物的描写，赋予抽象的感情以形体，在呈现自然之景的同时又体现丰富的生活经验，现自然之景的同时又体现丰富的生活经验，以及对历史和现实的深刻思考。景别致而凄以及对历史和现实的深刻思考。景别致而凄美，情愁苦而悲怆，意蕴藉而苍凉，境雄阔美，情愁苦而悲怆，意蕴藉而苍凉，境雄阔而高远，神完气足，为唐人登临诗篇之佳作。而高远，神完气足，为
9、唐人登临诗篇之佳作。全文结束！再见全文结束！再见o study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.So they followed 171 teens,starting when the kids were just 13.They interviewed each one every year for five years，and also spoke to these teens closest friends，who provided additional information abou
10、t the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25,26 and 27.This time,the questions surveyed each persons overall health.When the researchers analyzed the data,they found a strong connection between a teens behavior and adult health.Teens who had close friends
11、grew up to be the healthier adults.Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health.Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults.The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences
12、on health.Weight，family income and drug use were all examined.So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression.And in these people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.Getting along with the crowd may have benefits,says Allen,but there are also d
13、rawbacks.Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work.And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior,such as smoking,drinking or using drugs.Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges.“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldnt lose heart for not finding this easy.”And,he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”
