1、 GrammarUnit10 Lesson 3Unit10 Lesson 3The InfinitiveThe Infinitive 动词不定式动词不定式 概述概述 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,它它 没有人称和数的变化。在句中可作没有人称和数的变化。在句中可作主语、宾语、主语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语、表语宾补、定语、状语、表语。它还有动词的特征，。它还有动词的特征，可以带宾语和状语等。可以带宾语和状语等。其结构为其结构为:to+V.原形原形 不定式有两种，即带不定式有两种，即带to和不带和不带to的不定式：的不定式：e.g.I have come to a
2、sk for your advice.What you said made me think.主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式to doto be done完成式完成式to have doneto have been done进行式进行式to be doing无无完成完成进行式进行式to have been doing无无 构成构成(以动词以动词dodo为例为例)1.一般式一般式(to do)被动式被动式(to be done)e.g.He stopped to have a rest.He was sent there to be trained as an astronaut.
3、a)Mark said to the doctor,“I dont want _.”(examine)b)Mark said to the doctor,“I dont want you _.”(examine)to be examinedto examine2.不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式(not to do;never to do)e.g.1.Not to get there in time is your fault.2.He decided not to go home.3.疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式e.g.a)When to start has not been decided.
4、b)I dont know what to choose.c)The question is how to put the plan into plactice.作作 宾宾 语语作作 表表 语语作作 定定 语语 作作 状状 语语 作作 宾宾 补补 功能功能 作作 主主 语语一一.作主语作主语 单个不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。谓语用单数。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式做形式 主语，放在句首，不定式短语放在后面。主语，放在句首，不定式短语放在后面。e.g.a)To obey laws is everyones duty.b)Its not ea
5、sy to master a foreign language.注意注意:不定式复合结构不定式复合结构Its+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.Its very kind of you to say so.It is important for us to learn English.二二.作表语作表语(主语主语+系动词系动词+不定式不定式)e.g.a)My job is to teach English in a middle school.b)To see is to believe.三三.作定语（起修饰作用）作定语（起修饰作用）一般作后置定语一般作后置定语e.g.a)He
6、 is the doctor to do the operation.b)This is the Hope Project School to be built next year.注意注意:当名词有特定的定语当名词有特定的定语(adj./adv.的最高级的最高级,序数词及序数词及next,only,right等等),其后接不定式其后接不定式 作后置定语。作后置定语。e.g.a)He is the first(student)to come and the last to leave.b)Where is the best place to meet?c)We need the next ro
7、om to hold a meeting.d)He is the only person to be fit for the job.四四.作状语作状语 不定式可作目的、原因、结果、条件、方式状语不定式可作目的、原因、结果、条件、方式状语 表目的的不定式可以置于句首表目的的不定式可以置于句首(to,in order to)，但不可以用但不可以用so as to.a)He came here to attend a meeting.(目的目的)To learn English well,you must practise more.b)His eyesight is too poor to re
8、ad such small letters.（结果）（结果）c)We were very excited to hear the news.(原因原因)五五.作宾语作宾语(主语主语+动词动词+不定式不定式)1.不定式可以做动词或介词的宾语。不定式可以做动词或介词的宾语。1“V+to do。这类动词常见的有。这类动词常见的有:agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,t
9、ry,start,forget 等，等，eg:1.I want to be NO.1.2.I didnt expect to find you here.2.做介词的宾语时，常用做介词的宾语时，常用“疑问词疑问词+to do”。eg:I am worrying about what to do next.注意：注意：it 可以做形式宾语，真正的宾语还是动可以做形式宾语，真正的宾语还是动词不定式。词不定式。1.I find it difficult to understand him.2.We thought it wrong not to help her.3.They found it im
10、possible to get everything ready in time.六六.作宾补作宾补常带动词不定式作宾补的动词有：常带动词不定式作宾补的动词有：ask,tell,invite,force,advise,get,allow,help,encourage,order,like,hate等等e.g.a)They dont allow people to smoke.b)The boss forced the workers to work day and night.一一.Tell how the Infinitives are used.1.It is useful to know
11、 how to drive.主语主语 2.I need to attend the meeting.宾语宾语 3.I didnt expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.4.She listens to news every day so as to find out whats going on.to find out whats going on5.I was disappointed to hear the news.宾补宾补 状语状语 状语状语 6.Not to get there in time is your fault.7)C
12、ould you tell me how to get to the airport?8)The question is how to put the plan into plactice.主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 二二.用所给单词的适当形式填空用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Its very kind of you _ it for me.(do)2.My job is _ the students English.(teach)3.Before you leave the room,please remember _the light.(turn off)4.The children ar
13、e warned _ in that lake.(not swim)to doto teachnot to swimto turn off5.She doesnt know whether and when _ Shanghai.(leave)6.There are 10 lessons for the students _ this term.(learn)7.He asked _(send)to work in Tibet.to leaveto be sentto learn8.Choose the correct form of the verbs in the box to compl
14、ete the sentences.1.At that time,women were expected _at home,take care of their husbands and children.to staydamage,study,take,persuade,make,learn,stay,deal with,show,create2.I think its really important _ friends with different kinds of people.3.I want to have the opportunity _an advanced English
15、course and improve my English.to maketo takedamage,study,take,persuade,make,learn,stay,deal with,show,create4.Is it possible _ from the experiences of others?5.I finally managed _ her to go out for a drink with me.6.I stopped smoking so as not _ my babys health.to learnto persuadeto damagedamage,stu
16、dy,take,persuade,make,learn,stay,deal with,show,create7.The man emptied his pockets _ that he wasnt carrying drugs.8.The software makes it easy _ colorful pictures.9.A person like him is difficult _.to showto createto deal withdamage,study,take,persuade,make,learn,stay,deal with,show,create9.Complet
17、e the dialogue.Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets.Jim:Hi Pete.What are you doing?Pete:Hi Jim.Its my mums birthday tomorrow,but I dont know what (1)_(buy)her.Jim:Yeah,sometimes its difficult (2)_(choose)a good present.How about a necklace?to buyto choosePete:I dont ha
18、ve enough money (3)_(buy)her expensive jewellery.Jim:How come?Pete:I spent all my pocket money on computer games yesterday.Jim:You should save some of your pocket money every week.to buyPete:I know,but her birthday is tomorrow!Can I borrow 20 yuan from you,please?Jim:No,I dont want(4)_(lend)you any
19、money.You never return it!Pete:Where can I get the money?Jim:You could ask your mum(5)_ (give)it to you!to lendto give三三.完成下列句子完成下列句子1.为了谋生，你必须努力工作。为了谋生，你必须努力工作。_ _ _ _,you must work hard.2.我们应该呼吁公众保护环境。我们应该呼吁公众保护环境。We should appeal to the public _ _ the environment.3.互相帮助是一种美德。互相帮助是一种美德。_ _ _ _ is
20、a virtue.to protect To help each otherTo earn a living4.她的梦想是当一名设计师。她的梦想是当一名设计师。Her dream is _ _ _ _.5.我们决定周末去野餐。我们决定周末去野餐。We have decided _ _ _ _ at the weekend.6.学习绘画的最好方法是多练。学习绘画的最好方法是多练。The best way _ _ _ is to practice more.to become a designerto have a picnicto learn painting 三维设计三维设计练习练习(P22)1.用不定式改写句子用不定式改写句子 2.用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空 3.单项选择单项选择 Homework
