1、Obstetrics and Gynecology -Anatomy of female reproductive system,赵晓东 MD. 主任医师 北京医科大学研究生导师,女性生殖系统解剖 Anatomy of female reproductive system,外生殖器 External genital organs 内生殖器 Internal genital organs 骨盆 Bony Pelvis 肌肉 Muscle of the pelvis 盆底 Pelvic floor 血管和淋巴 Vascular supply and lymphatic draining,外生殖器
2、External genialia,器官:会阴体perineum,泌尿生殖三角urogenital triangle,肛门三角anal triangle,阴阜mons pubis,大阴唇labium major,小阴唇labium minor,阴蒂clitoris,阴道前庭vaginal vestibule,阴道口vaginal orifice,处女膜hymen,尿道口urethral orifice,巴氏腺Bartholin gland,,外生殖器 External genialia,血供Blood supply :阴部内动脉internal pudendal a 神经Nerve: 阴部神经
3、pudendal n.,外生殖器官常见病变举例,前庭大腺脓肿 大阴唇血肿 尖锐湿疣 外阴白斑 外阴肿瘤,内生殖器官 Internal genital organs,阴道 Vaginal 子宫 Uterus:子宫颈 Cervix,子宫体 Uterine Body 输卵管 Fallopian tubes 卵巢 Ovary 临近器官 Adjacent organs,阴道 Vagina,管状器官 Tube organ 前壁 anterior wall 7-9cm,后壁 posterior wall 10-12cm 阴道穹隆 vaginal fornix 膀胱、直肠 Bladder rectum,常见阴
4、道病变举例,阴道炎 尖锐湿疣 外伤 先天畸形 肿瘤,内生殖器官 Internal genital organs,子宫 Uterus : 753cm, 50g, 5ml, 内膜 endometrium, 肌层 myometrium, 浆膜 serous layer, 子宫峡部 isthmus uteri, 膀胱子宫陷窝 vesico-uterine pouch, 直肠子宫陷窝 recto-uterine pouch, 子宫颈 Cervix,子宫体 Uterine Body 韧带 Ligament : 圆韧带 round lig, 阔韧带 broad lig, 主韧带 cardinal lig,
5、宫骶韧带 uterosacrol lig.,子宫常见病变举例,炎症 妊娠相关疾病 月经病 子宫内膜癌 子宫肌瘤、子宫肉瘤 宫颈癌前病变(CIN)、宫颈癌,两种不同镜体的比较,4mm光学视管,小于4mm光学视管,正常宫腔,内膜息肉,内膜息肉,宫腔电切镜,8mm.外鞘适中,360旋转管鞘,耐热陶瓷先端,可持续灌流,人工力学手柄,外鞘表面磨沙处理插入性佳,损伤小; 良好的金属抗疲劳性能耐用; 模式化、系列化的产品系列新旧可互换。,子宫颈 cervix,鳞柱交界squamo-columnar junction,CIN1,CIN2-3,LSIL,HSIL,内生殖器官 Internal genital o
6、rgans,输卵管 Fallopian tubes: 8-14cm,间质部 interstitial portion, 峡部isthmic portion, 壶腹部ampulla, 伞部fimbria, 输卵管系膜mesosalpinx 卵巢 Ovary:431cm, 卵巢门 hilum of ovary, 卵巢系膜mesovarium, 骨盆漏斗韧带infundibulo-pelvic lig, 卵巢固有韧带proper lig. of ovary.,输卵管卵巢常见疾病举例,慢性输卵管炎、宫外孕、不孕 卵巢肿瘤,ICSI- 配子和胚胎的冷冻保存技术,1-Fertilized egg (day
7、 1) 2-embryo (day 2,2cells) 3- embryo (day 3,4cells) 4-embryo (day 3,7cells),1,2,3,4,临近器官Adjacent organs,尿道Urethra:3-5cm, 尿道筋膜urethra fascia 膀胱Bladder: 400ml, 膀胱阴道筋膜vesicovaginal fascia 直肠Rectum:15-20cm, 肛门anus, 外括约肌external sphincter muscle, 直肠阴道筋膜rectovaginal fascia 输尿管Ureter: 30cm, 子宫动脉与输尿管的交叉ute
8、rine a.cross over it in the upper border of cardinal lig. about 2cm away from uterus on the level of cervical inlet os. 阑尾Vermiform Appendix: 7-9cm 腹膜 Peritonium,临近器官的常见疾病举例,术中损伤 盆腔腹膜内膜异位症 腹膜原发肿瘤 阑尾炎、膀胱直肠和腹膜后病变的鉴别诊断,骨盆 Pelvis-骨 Bone,Sacrum骶骨 Coccxy尾骨 Coxae髋骨 Ilium髂骨 ant.sup.iliac spine髂前上棘 Ischium坐骨
9、 ischial spine坐骨棘 ischial tuberosity坐骨结节 Pubis耻骨,骨盆 Pelvis-关节Joint,Sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节 Sacrococcygeal joint 骶尾关节 pubic symphysis耻骨联合,骨盆 Pelvis-韧带Ligament,骶结节韧带 Sacrotuberal ligament 骶棘韧带 Sacrospinal ligament,骨盆 Pelvis,入口 Inlet:骶岬上缘sarcopromontory,髂耻线arcuate line of the ilium,耻骨联合上缘anterosuperior b
10、order of the pubic symphysis 出口Outlet:耻骨联合下缘inferior margin of pubic symphysis,耻骨降支ischiopubic rami ,骶结节韧带sacrotuberous ligaments ,尾骨coccyx Ture pelvis and false pelvis,骨盆类型 Pelvic types,女性 Gynecoid 扁平 Platypelloid 男性 Android 类人猿 Anthropoid,骨盆肌肉Muscles of pelvis 盆底Pelvic floor,侧壁 lateral wall :闭孔内肌o
11、bturator internus,梨状肌priformis m. 盆底 Pelvic floor: 内层 inner layer肛提肌levator ani(耻尾肌pubococcygeus、髂尾肌iliococcygeus、坐尾肌ischiococcygeus),腱弓(白线,arcuate tendon, white line) 中层middle layer泌尿生殖膈urogenital diaphragm(deep transverse perinei、sphincter urethrae) 外层outer layer会阴肌肉perineal muscles,盆底常见病变举例,会阴撕裂
12、盆腔脏器脱垂 张力性尿失禁,膀胱尿道造影,血管 Blood supply,腹主动脉 abdominal aorta 髂总动脉 Common iliac a. 髂外动脉 External iliac a. 髂内动脉 Internal iliac a. 卵巢动脉 Ovarian a.,髂内动脉Internal iliac atery,髂内动脉Internal iliac a.:4.5cm 前干Anterior trunk: 闭孔动脉obturator a. 脐动脉umbilical a.膀胱上/中/下动脉sup and middle and infer vesical a. 子宫动脉uterine
13、 a. 阴道动脉viginal a. 直肠下动脉infer rectal a. 阴部内动脉internal pudendal a.臀下动脉inferior gluteal a. 后干Posterior trunk: 髂腰动脉illiolumbar a. 骶外侧动脉lateral sacral a. 臀上动脉sup gluteal a.,动脉间交通 Crosstalk of artery -hemostasis,淋巴 Lymphatic draining,腹股沟淋巴结 Inguinal nodes 髂外淋巴结 External iliac nodes 闭孔淋巴结 Obturator nodes 髂内淋巴结 Internal iliac nodes 髂总淋巴结 Common iliac nodes 腹主动脉旁淋巴结 Paraaortic nodes 腰淋巴干 Lumbar lymphatic trunks 骶前淋巴结 Sacral nodes,Key problem,The true pelvis Pelvic floor Isthmus uteri Uterine ligament The relationship of uterine artery and ureter,Operation Anatomy,谢谢!,