1、Unit SixExpanded Sentence Base (II)Unit Objectivesv1.participles and absolutesv2.paragraphsv3.prcis for long passagesPart I Warm-up Activities1)The father threatened to throw the boy out of the room.2)You can use the method.3)Tommy left the office.Tommy left the office.4)the girl is enjoying one of
2、the happiest days in her life.The girl is enjoying one of the happiest days in her life.5)The boy was sitting at the desk,6)the employees are happy to take the day off.enraged screamingAttributesfrequently used,filled with despair,Smiling through the window,the floor.his feet gentlytappingThe comput
3、er by an unknown virus,damaged Filled with despair,smiling through the window,Simultaneous actionsAbsolute constructionsPart IIvparticiples and absolutesv1.Participlesv2.Absolutes1.Participlesv1.ing participlev a.activev b.simultaneousv2.ed participlev a.passivev b.anteriorPlease read the following:
4、v Can I Help You,Madam?vA woman in blue jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop.Though she hesitated for a moment,she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.Glancing at her scornfully,he told her that t
5、he dress was sold.The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day.vShe returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat,with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.vAfter seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress
6、.Not realizing who she was,the assistant was eager to serve her this time.With great difficulty,he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.As soon as she saw it,the woman said she did not like it.She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buyi
7、ng the dress she had first asked for.1.ing 分词的非谓语特征（分词的非谓语特征（1）v1.Seeing is believing.v Its no use crying over the spilt milk.v (used as subject）v2.His hobby is drinking and smoking.v Thats asking too much.v (used as predicative）v 3.They stopped talking.v A person certain loses when he gives up tryi
8、ng.v (used as the object of the verb）v4.I dont feel like going to attending the grammar lesson.v She is afraid of going out alone.v (used as the object of the preposition）v5.We call this process dissolving.v This process is called dissolving,v （used as the object complement or subject complement）v i
9、ng 分词的非谓语特征分词的非谓语特征ving 分词的非谓语特征之一是分词的非谓语特征之一是名词名词特征。即特征。即-ing分词或分词或-ing分词短语可在句中作主语、分词短语可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、补足语等。表语、宾语、补足语等。ing 分词的非谓语特征（分词的非谓语特征（2）v1.The story is very interesting.v The news is very discouraging.v （used as predicative）v2.She is a charming child.v He asked an embarrassing question.v （used
10、 as attribute）vNOTE:ing 分词的另一个非谓语特征是分词的另一个非谓语特征是形容词形容词特征。特征。即即-ing分词可在句中作表语或定语。分词可在句中作表语或定语。ing 分词的非谓语特征（分词的非谓语特征（3）v1.Working with them,he found the students diligent.v （adverbial of time）v2.Being sick,he stayed at home.v（adverbial of reason）v3.Knowing all this,he made me pay for the damage.v (adve
11、rbial of concession）v4.It rained heavily,causing severe flooding there.v （adverbial of result）v5.He stood there leaning against the wall.v (adverbial of manner）ing 分词的非谓语特征（分词的非谓语特征（3）ving 分词的另一个非谓语特征是分词的另一个非谓语特征是副词副词特征。特征。即即-ing分词可在句中作状语。从表意的角度分词可在句中作状语。从表意的角度看可来表时间、原因、结果、让步、方式或看可来表时间、原因、结果、让步、方式或伴
12、随情况等。伴随情况等。2.ed分词的非谓语特征分词的非谓语特征v1.If you get exhausted,take a rest.v Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.v （used as predicative）v2.Her job was to take care of the wounded soldiers.v The concert given by the symphony orchestra was a great success.v （used as attribute）v3.You must make
13、 yourself respected.v I should like this matter settled immediately.v （used as complement）vNOTE:ed 分词的一个非谓语特征是分词的一个非谓语特征是形容词形容词特征。即特征。即-ed分词可在句中作表语或定语。分词可在句中作表语或定语。ed分词的非谓语特征分词的非谓语特征（2）v1.Heated,the metal expands.v （expressing time）v2.Born and brought up in the country,he was bewildered by the bigge
14、st city in China.v （expressing reason）v3.United,we stand;divided,we fall.v （expressing condition）v4.Mocked at by everybody,he had my sympathy.v （expressing concession）v5.Trains in that country spend too much time stopped,waiting for other trains.v （expressing manner）vNOTE:ed分词的另一个非谓语特征是分词的另一个非谓语特征是副
15、词副词特征。即特征。即-ed分词可在句中作状语。分词可在句中作状语。-ing participles in different forms and aspectsAspects Grammatical MeaningSimple Perfect Passive Perfect in PassiveForm doinghaving done(being)donehaving been doneThe action is carried out by the subject and takes place at the same time as the predicate.The action i
16、s carried out by the subject and takes place before the predicate.The action is received by the subject and takes place at the same time as the predicate.The action is received out by the subject and takes place before the predicate.Reference for the classroom activities(p.79)2.vThe computer bought
17、last week brings happiness to everyone in my family.vBeing back in my hometown,I didnt know that my professor had assigned another 5,000-word paper.vStanding in front of the picture painted by a post-impressionist,many people pretended that they could understand it./Many people stood in front of the
18、 picture painted by a post-impressionist,pretending that they could understand it.vLooking out of the window of the train,the boy was amused by the power lines dancing up and down in the air.Reference for the classroom activities(p.81)1.vKate fell asleep when/while reading Bobs letter.vShe started t
19、o chat with her friend after finishing her work.vAlthough having seen it a thousand and one times,the old man still watches the video from time to time.vAlthough closely watched by the guards,the prisoner plans to escape.vIt is believed that if read many times,an article will naturally be understood
20、.vIf buying more,you can pay less.Reference for the classroom activities(p.83)1.vThinking about her kid at home,Judy made several mistakes in her work.vThe car raced along the street,sending passers-by to run for shelter./Racing along the street,the car sent passers-by to run for shelter.vBorn in Gu
21、angzhou and educated in Nanjing,she is now working as a manager in Beijing.vHaving been shocked and chased by a ferocious dog,the thief hid behind a dustbin,holding his breath for bear of being found.1)The bomb blew up in the distance,shaking the ground slightly and making bursts of light on the dar
22、k horizon.2.vHearing the news,I thought the world had ended for me.vI sat happily in my chair,reading a newspaper.v(correct)vShocked at the sight of the teacher,the boy stood there dumbfounded.vHaving lived there for twenty years,I know this place like the back of my hand.Absolutes 独立主格结构v1.独立主格结构的语
23、法形式是：v逻辑主语 名词/代词+非谓语动词非谓语动词与谓语动词的关系：v1)时间关系：v（1）不定式具有后时性(posteriority)v（2）ing 分词具有同时性(simultaneity)v（3）ed 分词具有先时性(anteriority)ve.g.Here are the first two volumes,the third one to come out next month.vThey visited Danxia Mountain yesterday,Miss Lee acting as the tourist guide.vHis work done,he went h
24、ome.ve.g.vHe sick in bed,the team had to find a replacement.vWeather ,we will go picnicking this weekend.vThe friendly match over,the players of the two countries shook hands with each other.vAll the tickets out,they returned home disappointed.vThe dispute ,the meeting came to an end.wasbeingpermitt
25、ingpermitsbeingwassoldhad been soldwas settledsettledReference for the classroom activities(p.86)1.vThe boy leaned against a tree,hands in pockets.vHe glared at his boss,his mouth ,and his hands .vThe interviewee entered the office,her eyes fixed on her feet.vThe rabbit stared at the approaching wol
26、f,his four feet fixed to the ground,too frightened to move.1)The girl was enjoying her favorite song,her eyes shut,her head moving from side to side.was shutshutwere clenchedclenched2.vTwo of my new bikes here,I will never come to this place again.vSeveral flecks her face again,she doesnt want to me
27、et her boyfriend today.vIts bottom open by a bomb,the ship sank slowly into the sea.vIts overseas advertisements rather successful,the school has attracted many foreign students.1)The accountant careless,I was given$1,000 more last month.having got stolencoming upontornbeingbeingWRITING PARAGRAPHS 1
28、.What Is a Paragraph2.The Structure of a Paragraph3.The Topic Sentence 4.Ways of Developing the Paragraph5.Unity in the Paragraph6.Coherence in the Paragraph7.Linking Expressions and ConnectivesWHAT IS A PARAGRAPHRed the following paragraph:Swimming and boating took much of our time.As you can imagi
29、ne,we spent a glorious week at Baker Lake.The weather couldnt have been more enjoyable.It certainly must be cold living near the lake during the winter,though.Nicky tore his shirt one day while climbing a fir tree near our camp.Snakes can be a problem around many lakes,and mosquitoes are a nuisance.
30、We arrived home about the suppertime last Saturday.I recommend Baker Lake to anyone who enjoy the water.Think it overWhat does this paragraph tell us?Could you write a one-sentence summary of it?Why not?What is the main purpose of paragraph?What things are wrong with the above paragraph?Building par
31、agraphsThe main purpose of paragraphing is to help the reader.A new paragraph is a signal that there is a change of idea.If more than one main idea is included in a paragraph,the reader is likely to become confused.Read carefully the following sentences1.In the suburbs and on the highways of many la
32、rge American cities,young men are killing themselves by the thousands.2.Many of the accidents could be avoided if a little common sense were used.When a boy gets behind the steering wheel of a car,the first thing he thinks of is how fast he can go.3.Speed is the reason for so many deaths.The teenage
33、r does not seem to realize that his car is dangerous if it is not used sensibly.4.There is another reason for a large number of teenager automobile accidents.5.This is the playing of games with cars.These senseless games kill hundreds of teenagers every year.6.The most popular game is“Chicken.”Two o
34、r more cars.Revision On the highways in and around many large American cities,young men are killing themselves by the thousands in automobile accidents that could be avoided by the use of a little common sense.First,young drivers must learn to be sensible about speed.When a boy gets behind the steer
35、ing wheel of a car,the first thing he thinks of is how fast he can go.He does not seem to realize that his car is dangerous if it is not used sensibly.Second,young drivers must learn some sense about the senseless games played with cars,which killed hundreds of teenagers each year.The most popular g
36、ame is“Chicken.”Two or more cars.Read another piece of writing “Good evening.Its a cold night,”said Holmes.The salesman nodded,and shot a questioning glance at my companion.“Sold out of geese,I see,”continued Holmes,pointing at the bare slabs of marble.“Let you have 500 tomorrow morning.”“Thats no g
37、ood.”Revision “Good evening.Its a cold night,”said Holmes.The salesman nodded,and shot a questioning glance at my companion.“Sold out of geese,I see,”continued Holmes,pointing at the bare slabs of marble.“Let you have 500 tomorrow morning.”“Thats no good.”a.A paragraph is a series of sentences devel
38、oping ONE topic.A paragraph consists of several sentences all pertaining(related)to ONE topic and developing that topic in a clear,forceful,and interesting manner.Like all good compositions,whether long or short,it has a beginning,a middle,and often a conclusion or summary sentence.An exciting trip
39、I have just received a letter from my brother,Tim.He is in Australia.He has been there for six months.Tim is an engineer.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs,a small
40、town in the centre of Australia.He will soon visit Darwin.From there,he will fly to Perth.My brother has never been abroad before,so he is finding this trip very exciting.listenPlease read the following There is a library almost in every university.Although all university libraries try to store rela
41、ted materials together,schemes for shelving sources vary widely.Large universities often have subject-specific libraries and special collections,for example on local history,that are kept separate from the main collection.Some libraries pull together all items of a similar format,for instance sound
42、recordings,whereas others might mix formats to preserve subject-matter grouping.Quite often,all or part of the periodical collection(magazines,journals,and newspapers)is kept apart from the books,but many libraries shelve bound scholarly journals along with books on the same topic in the librarys ma
43、in collection.Other libraries offer scholarly journals on microfilm or microfiche housed in a separate area.Since libraries do vary in their organizational schemes,you may find that your college library operates quite differently from either your high school library or your local public library.How
44、many sentences in this paragraph?There is a library almost in every university.Although all universitylibraries try to store related materials together,schemes for shelving sources vary widely.Large universities often have subject-specific libraries and special collections,for example on local histo
45、ry,that are kept separate from the main collection.Some libraries pull together all items of a similar format,for instance sound recordings,whereas others might mix formats to preserve subject-matter grouping.Quite often,all or part of the periodical collection(magazines,journals,and news-papers)is
46、kept apart from the books,but many libraries shelve bound scholarly journals along with books on the same topic in the library s main collection.0ther libraries offer scholarly journals on microfilm or microfiche housed in a separate area.Since libraries do vary in their organizational schemes,you m
47、ay find that your college library operates quite differently from either your high schoo1 library or your local public 1ibrary.THE STRUCTURE OF A PARAGRAPHParagraph Structure Analysis In the model paragraph,sentence and form the beginning part of the paragraph,in which sentence is the introductory s
48、entence and sentence is the topic sentence.Sentence leads the readers to the topic of university libraries,and sentence tell the readers that the writer is going to talk about the different schemes for shelving sources m different libraries.Sentence ,and are the main part,or the supporting details.T
49、hey illustrate the differences between the arrangements of the university libraries organizational schemes.The last sentence,sentence,is the concluding sentence.It repeats the main idea of the paragraph in another way,emphasizing that the libraries in college are not the same.The Structure of a Para
50、graphv For a piece of writing in Eng1ish,usually,there are mainly three parts in terms of structure:the beginning part,the developing part and the concluding part.A typical paragraph includes also three parts.Most often,the beginning part of a paragraph is the topic sentence which states the main id
