1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 3 Science versus nature 一、阅读理解。 Pollutions great effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率） ,less reliance on fossil（化石 ) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that
2、such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm. The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the countrys total energy use, 12% of total w
3、ater consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放） , according to the Environment Protection Agency. Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of gre
4、en buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycle construction, restoration, operation, maintenance（维护） and demolition（拆毁） than those who construct more regular buildings. The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems
5、（生态系统） and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health
6、of people who live in such buildings. The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, re
7、cycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances. Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化） human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area t
8、hat allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微风） and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small. Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. Thes
9、e roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants. Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy source
10、s such as solar power, hydropower（水能） and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment. 1.What is the text mainly about? A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency. B. The process of building green buildings. C. The benefi
11、ts and features of green buildings. D. Green buildings effects on the environment. 2.According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that_. A. produce no waste B. only use clean energy C. are made of recycled materials D. use energy and resources more efficiently 3.Which of the followi
12、ng statements is TRUE about green buildings? A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity. B. Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones. C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building. D. They are difficult to maintain and thus n
13、eed more operating costs. 4.Why are green roofs used ? A. They fit the surrounding environment well B. They are cheaper than other kinds of roofs C. They can keep natural water for use in everyday life D. They can help to control the temperature in the building well 【 精品教育资源文库 】 【文 章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了
14、green building 的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。 1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。本文第三段中 Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in than standard buildings. Green buildings use resources more properly during the entire building cycle than traditional
15、 building.和倒数第二段第一句 Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost.倒数第一段第一句 Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction.可知本文主要讲述的是 Green buildings 的很多的好处和特征。故 C 正确。 3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句 The environme
16、ntal benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统） and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选 C。 4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 These roofs are partly or completely covered with pla
17、nts, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.可知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的 温度。故选 D。 二、单项填空。 1.Many farmers left their fields and went to big cities with the _ of making money to support their family. A. intention B. determination C. concern D. development
18、【答案】 A 【解析】句意：为了挣钱养家糊口，很多农民离开了他们的土地去往大城市。 with the intention of“为了， 以? 为目的或意图”，符合句意。 determination 决心，果断； concern 担心，关心；【 精品教育资源文库 】 development 发展。 2.Nash won the Noble Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his work on game theory. His life story was _ into the movie A beautiful Mind in 2001. A.
19、 adapted B. adopted C. adjusted D. accepted 【答案】 A 【解析】句意：纳什因其在博弈论上的贡献获得了诺贝尔经济科学纪念奖。他的人生故事在 2001 年被改 编成电影美丽心灵 。 adapt 改编，适应； adopt 采纳，收养； adjust 调整，调节； accept 接受。 故选 A 项。 3.The factory near the seaside was closed down as a(a) _ of the terribly bad management and fund shortage. A. summary B. conseque
20、nce C. conclusion D. effect 【答案】 B 【解析】句意：靠近海滨的这家工厂因为糟糕的经营管理和缺少资金而关闭。 summary 概要；consequence 结果 as a consequence of 表示“由于；因为” ； conclusion 结论； effect 效果， 影响。 4.As China _ into a market economy, the government no longer assigned jobs, food or free housing to urban residents. A. transplanted B. transf
21、erred C. translated D. transformed 【答案】 D 【解析】 transplanted 移植； transferred 转移； translated 翻译； transformed 转换。句意：随着中国转换成市 场经济，政府不再分配工作、食物或城市居民的免费住房。 5.Further to our telephone conversation this morning, I would like to _ details 【 精品教育资源文库 】 of the order which we discussed. A. expand B. confirm C.
22、attach D. convince 【答案】 B 【解析】 句意： 关于上午的电话交谈， 我想进一步确认我们讨论的这批订单的细节。 由句意可知， 选 confirm， 意为“确认，确定，证实，批准”； expand 扩张，使膨胀，详述； attach 使依附，贴上，系上， 使依恋； convince 说服，使相信。 6. What do you think of the poems? They are beautiful to read but _, they are hard to understand. A. in addition B. on the other hand C. as
23、a consequence D. in particular 【答案】 B 【解析】根据题意“读起来很美”及“很难理解”可知选 B 项。 on the other hand“另一方面”。句意： “你 认为这些诗歌怎么样啊？” “它们读起来很美，但 是另一方面却很难理解。 ” 7.He _ his plan for dropping out of the university regardless of his parents opposition. A. pushed along B. pushed ahead with C. pushed for D. pushed forward 【答案】 B 【解析】句意：他不顾父母的反对，毅然按照自己的计划从大学退学了。 push ahead with “义无反顾地进 行”，符合句意。 push along 把?推向前； push for 一再强烈要求
