1、After the fireVideo TimeHow long did it take the firemen to get the forest fire under control?What had covered the countryside a short time before?How did the hills look now?Did the hills threaten the surrounding villages?What would wash away the soil?What did the forest authorities order?How was th
2、e seed sprayed?How long had the planes been planting seed?What happened by then?For nearly three weeksGreat trees.It looks desolate.Yes,they did.Heavy rain.Several tons of a special type of grass-seed.By aeroplanes.For nearly a month.The grass had already taken root in many places.Patches of grass h
3、ad begun to appear in the blackened soil.New Words:control smokedesolatethreatensurrounding destructionflood authoritygrass-seed sprayquantity rootcentury patchblacken order,limit,instruct or rule something,behaviour or the power to do somethinga cloud in a gas empty of people,barren(荒原）present a da
4、nger tonearbythe rising of a body of waterdamagethe power or right to give orders or make decisionsthe small hard part produced by grass,from which a new plant can growscatteramount/numberthe part of a plant that grows under the grounda period of 100 yearsa small area of sthto make sth blackn.控制控制n.
5、烟烟adj.荒凉的荒凉的v.威胁威胁adj.周围的周围的n.破坏毁灭破坏毁灭n.洪水，水灾洪水，水灾n.（复数）当局（复数）当局n.草籽草籽v.喷撒喷撒n.量量n.根根n.世纪世纪n.小片小片v.变黑，发暗变黑，发暗 control1.control sth（v）：控制）：控制.I can control it.I cant control my emotions/feelings.我不能控制自己的感情。我不能控制自己的感情。2.under control 在控制之下在控制之下,被控制被控制(n.)out of control 失控失控The moment my students heard
6、the news,they were totally out of control.be in control of sth.指挥，管理或控制指挥，管理或控制(=in charge of)I will be in control of the company.get/bring.under control:把把控制住控制住 Everything is under control。一切尽在掌握之中。一切尽在掌握之中。smoke1.smoke：（：（v）吸烟）吸烟Dont smoke.No smoking!2.smoke n.烟（雾）烟（雾）full of smoke 充满烟雾充满烟雾 3.smo
7、ky：（：（a.）多烟的）多烟的 4.cigarette=cigar n.香烟香烟 threaten v.威胁威胁 1.threaten to do：威胁着要做：威胁着要做.The student threatened to call the police if I punished him by copying words 50 times.2.threaten sb.with sth.以以来威胁来威胁/恐吓某人恐吓某人 The thief threatened him with a knife.3.threat n.恐吓，威胁恐吓，威胁 a threat to对对的一个威胁的一个威胁 Th
8、ey think my behavior is a threat to their safety.an empty threat虚张声势虚张声势surrounding：1.adj.周围的周围的the surrounding villages 周围的村庄周围的村庄 2.(pl.)n.周围的物体，条件等，环境周围的物体，条件等，环境 eg.No one can avoid being influenced by surroundings.没有人能避免不被环境影响。没有人能避免不被环境影响。3.surround v.围绕，包围，围住围绕，包围，围住 eg.Troops have surrounded
9、 the town.军队包围了这座城市。军队包围了这座城市。4.atmosphere：大气层，氛围（在周边的人文环境）：大气层，氛围（在周边的人文环境）quantity n.量量1）n.数量数量quantity and quality2）n.数目，数量数目，数量cueg.A small quantity of furniture is painted blue.3)a large quantity(of)大量的（可修饰大量的（可修饰(c)n./(u)n.，谓语用单数），谓语用单数）eg.A large quantity of people is needed here.这需要大量人。这需要大量
10、人。quantities of+cu 谓语用复数谓语用复数 eg.Quantities of food were on the table.桌上有大量的食物。桌上有大量的食物。in quantity/in large quantities 大量地大量地in a small quantity/in small quantities 少量地少量地 eg.Is there a discount for buying in large quantity?root n.根根1）n.根根c(同音词：同音词：route)the root of a tree take root 生根生根2）n.根源，原因根源
11、，原因the root cause of sth根本原因根本原因the root of the problem 问题的根源问题的根源eg.The love of money is the root of all evil.崇拜金钱乃万恶之源。崇拜金钱乃万恶之源。put down new roots 在新的地方立足在新的地方立足root and branch 完全地，彻底地完全地，彻底地blacken v.使变黑，使发暗，损害，诽谤使变黑，使发暗，损害，诽谤以以-en结尾的动词：结尾的动词：blacken,tighten，loosen,whiten,deepen,darken,broaden,s
12、horten,quicken,worsen,thicken-en 与表描述性质或状态名词，形容词结合，构成动词，与表描述性质或状态名词，形容词结合，构成动词，描述使某物具有特定性质或处于特定状态活动过程。描述使某物具有特定性质或处于特定状态活动过程。Firemen had been fighting the forest for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.A short time before,great trees had covered the countryside for miles around
13、.Now,smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.Winter was coming on and the hills the surrounding villages with destruction,for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.When the fire had at last been put out,the forest authorities ord
14、ered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.By then,however,in many places the grass had already taken root.In place of the
15、great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.Language points:1.had been fighting 过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 2.fight sth：和：和.作搏斗作搏斗 fight for liberation 为解放而战为解放而战 fight against cancer 与癌症作斗争与癌症作斗争3.get under control(=bring under control)把把.控制住
16、控制住4.a short time before 不久以前不久以前=a short while before=not long before（过去）（过去）a short time ago 不久前（现在）不久前（现在）5.great trees 参天大树参天大树6.cover v.覆盖，遮掩覆盖，遮掩 cover.with.用用.覆盖覆盖.eg.She covered her face with her hands.她用手捂住脸。她用手捂住脸。be covered with.被被.覆盖覆盖 eg.Our apple tree is covered with fruit.我们的苹果树果实累累。我
17、们的苹果树果实累累。7.for miles around 方圆数英里方圆数英里8.rise up from 从从向上升起向上升起 come on（时间季节自然情况时间季节自然情况）开始，来临开始，来临；加油；加油9.for 并列连词，表推断原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。并列连词，表推断原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。eg.It must be morning for the birds are singing.一定是清晨了，因为鸟儿在叫一定是清晨了，因为鸟儿在叫 since（既然）语气较弱，强调已知的事实：（既然）语气较弱，强调已知的事实：eg.Since you cant answer t
18、he question,I will ask someone else.既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。because 表直接原因。表直接原因。because 引导的从句表直接而明确原因和理由，表按因引导的从句表直接而明确原因和理由，表按因果关系的推断，语气很强，用来回答果关系的推断，语气很强，用来回答why 的问题，一般位于主句之后。的问题，一般位于主句之后。eg.We couldnt go out because it was too cold.因为天气太冷，我们不能外出因为天气太冷，我们不能外出 as 意意“因为、由于因为、由于”，语气比，语气
19、比because 弱，所引导的从句表不言而喻、显而易弱，所引导的从句表不言而喻、显而易见的原因和理由，其从句一般放在主句前。见的原因和理由，其从句一般放在主句前。eg.As it was late,we came back soon.由于时间很晚了，我们很快就回来了。由于时间很晚了，我们很快就回来了。10.not only.but(only).不但不但.而且而且.11.wash away 冲走冲走 take away 拿走拿走 put away 整理，收拾好整理，收拾好12.not only.but.as well=not only.but also.不仅而且不仅而且 as well 也也（肯
20、定句句末，可与（肯定句句末，可与too互换）；互换）；too 也也（肯定句句末）（肯定句句末）also 也也（肯定句句中）；（肯定句句中）；either 也也(否定句的句末）否定句的句末）13.at last 最后最后 put out扑灭扑灭 put off 延期延期 put up搭建，张贴搭建，张贴 put on穿上，上演穿上，上演14.order v.订购订购;命令命令 order sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事命令某人做某事15.spray.over/on.往往.上撒上撒.in huge quantities 大量的大量的16.plant/sow seed 播种播种17.by
21、then 到那时（过去完成时态）到那时（过去完成时态）take root 生根生根18.in place of 代替代替（+空间、位置）空间、位置）instead of（+没做的事）没做的事）in ones place 代替某人代替某人 in place 适当的适当的important structures过去完成进行时：过去完成进行时：had been+v-ing表示过去某时以前一直在进行的一个动作。表示过去某时以前一直在进行的一个动作。eg.It had been raining for two days.The fields were all under water.已经下了两天雨。田地
22、都被水淹了。已经下了两天雨。田地都被水淹了。eg.I had been looking for it for days before I found it.这东西我找了很多天才找着。这东西我找了很多天才找着。eg.They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.他只等了不多一会，公共汽车就来了。他只等了不多一会，公共汽车就来了。eg.The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.电话铃响了三分钟，才有人接。（接之前
23、一直响了三分钟）电话铃响了三分钟，才有人接。（接之前一直响了三分钟）和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时后也可接和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时后也可接“突然突然”意义的从句（此从句用一般过去时）意义的从句（此从句用一般过去时）eg.I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.我刚看了几分钟书他就进来了。我刚看了几分钟书他就进来了。eg.She had only been studying her lesson for 10 minutes when her little sister interrupted her.她温习功课不过她
24、温习功课不过10分钟，她的小妹妹就把她打断了。分钟，她的小妹妹就把她打断了。1He asked me _A_ during the summer holidays.A.where I had been B.where I had gone C.where had I been D.where had I gone 2.What _D_ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A.did,do B.has,done C did,did.D.had,done3.I _C_ 900 English words by the time I was tenA.learned B.
25、was learning C.had learned D.learnt4.She _lived here for _ years.A.had,a few B.has,several C.had,a lot of D.has,a great deal of1.The boy was delighted with his new story book which he _ for a long time.A.was wanting B.has wanted C.has been wanting D.had been wanting 2.It was midnight and he was tire
26、d because he _since dawn.A.was working B.has worked C.had been working D.has been working 3.He _ to get her on the phone,but he didnt get through it.A.has tried B.was trying C.tries D.had been trying 4.He _C_ the door and after that he had a drink at a small cafe.A.was painting B.has painted C.had b
27、een painting D.has been painting 四者都有“大的”意思。1、large“大的”，多指面积、体积、容量、范围、程度、能力和数量等方面的大。修饰人时，指个子大。其反义词为small。2、big“大的”，常等于large，较口语。其反义词small。表体积时，含有大且重的意思，而large没有重的意思；big还含有“重要的、给人印象深刻的”意思例：a large box（只说明箱子大，未必重）a big box（箱子大且重）例：a big problem3、huge指“巨大的、无限的”，比large的面积更大。例：There is a huge elephant（大象
28、）in the park.（动物巨大）4、great“大的，极大的，伟大的，重要的，超乎寻常”，带有强烈感情色彩。（1）用来指人时，表示“伟大的，杰出的”，例：Mao Zedong is a great leader of China.（2）great有时可表达说话人的喜悦、赞扬等感情。例：-How do you like my watch?-Great!练习：用large,big,huge或great填空：1.We have a_ farm.2.This is a_ clock.3.There is a_ tree beside the house.4.The Great Wall（长城）l
29、ooks like a _ dragon（龙）.Linda is _enough to fly a kite.1.Liu Dehua is a_ singer of China.2.I met a_ problem yesterday.3.Your new watch is very_.4.This box is very _,I cant carry it.Dale made a_ decision（决定）just now.earth 指大地，泥土，区别于岩石 ground 指大地的表面 land 指陆地，区别于江河湖海 soil 指富有有机物的，易于耕种的土壤 如：1)The worm e
30、ats _虫子吃泥土。2)After the bad boat journey,we were glad to arrive on_ 经过了糟糕的乘船旅行后，我们很开心回到陆地上。3)The_ is good for growing rice该土壤适宜种植水稻。4)I saw him lying on the _when I came in.当我进来时看到他正在地上躺着。1.We stayed at home _ it rained2._ he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone3._ everyone is here,lets s
31、tart4.There must be nobody in the classroom,_ the light is off5.-Why did they come to China?-_ their father wanted to work in China.6.We can t go,_its raining.He has been to Beijing.I have_been there.他去过北京，我也去过。He is good at English.He is_ good at JapaneseHe studies hard and I study hard,_.He didnt know it.I didnt know it _.I cant speak French and cant write it,_.She not only sings,she plays the piano _.I can do it _.
