1、Lesson 80The The CrystalCrystal P Palacealace水晶宫（The Crystal Palace）是一个以钢铁为骨架、玻璃为主要建材的建筑，是十九世纪的英国建筑奇观之一，也是工业革命时代的重要象征物。它原先是世界博览会首次于1851年在伦敦举行时的展示馆，这场世界博览会的正式名称为万国工业博览会，一直到1936年以前曾经吸引过无数的社会各种阶级的游客前来参观。1936年11月30日，英国水晶宫毁于一场大火。温斯顿丘吉尔从英国下议院打道回府途中表示：“这是一个时代的终点。”后来这个名称又被一个足球会引用，及后成为水晶宫足球会，“水晶宫”也常用来指示伦敦南区的
2、一块范围。Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century 19世纪最不寻常的建筑 was the Crystal Palace,也许要数水晶宫了。which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibitions of 1851.它是为1851年的“世界博览会”而建在海德公园的 The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.英国女王住在白金汉宫。This is a luxurious palace.这是一座豪华的宫殿。V
3、ocabularylpalace lextraordinary lexhibition liron lvarious lmachinery ldisplay lsteam lprofit lcollegen.宫殿宫殿adj.不平常的，非凡的不平常的，非凡的n.展览展览n.铁铁adj.各种各样的各种各样的n.机器机器n.展览展览n.蒸汽蒸汽n.利润利润n.学院学院Palace 宫殿 n.这是一座豪华的宫殿。This is a luxury palace.英国女王住在白金汉宫。The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.Extraordinary
4、 不平常的，非凡的adj.He has an extraordinary memory.他的记忆力惊人。他竟然在晚会上睡觉，简直太奇怪了 Its extraordinary that he slept through the party.Exhibition 展览 n.They held an exhibition on hi-tech products.他们举办了一个高科技产品的展览。make an exhibition of oneself (做蠢事而使自己)丢脸,出洋相 Iron 铁 n.（1）n.铁 中国出口铁。China exported iron.打铁要趁热。Strike whil
5、e the iron is hot.（2）v.熨斗（3）v.熨衣服 你能帮我熨下衣服吗？Could you iron me this shirt?Various 各种各样的 The vases are of various shapes.这些花瓶的形状各式各样。Various articles are on display.展出的有各种各样的物品。做这件事有各种各样的方法。There are various ways of doing this.Machinery 机器（1）机器（总称）一大批新机器是从美国进口的。A lot of new machinery was imported from
6、 America.（2）社会、政治等之 制度,机构,组织,机关 the machinery of government 政治机构 the machinery of the law 司法机关 Display 展览 （1）n.展览 中山公园每年举办花展。A flower display is held every year in the Zhongshan Park.（2）v.展览 各种款式的套装被陈列于橱窗中 Various styles of suits are displayed in the shop windows.Steam 蒸汽 （1）n.蒸汽 谁发明的蒸汽机？Who invente
7、d steam engine?他的眼镜蒙上了一层薄薄的水汽。His glasses were covered with a film of steam.（2）v.冒蒸汽 The kettle is steaming.那只茶壶在冒著蒸汽 Profit 利润（1）n.利润 净利 net profit 毛利 Gross profit 他们通过削减成本增加了赢利。They increased profits by cutting down the cost.这是一项赢利的投资。This is a profit-making investment.（2）(U)利益,好处 你将从学习中获得益处 You w
8、ill get profit from your studies.（3）v.获益 智者由自己的过失中得到教益 A wise person profits from his mistakes.College 学院 n.He studies at a medical college.他在医学院上学。She went to college last year.她去年上的大学。本质区别就是college是专业化的学院,university是覆盖全面的大学Qs to the textlWhere was the Crystal Palace built and for what purpose?lWha
9、t made the Crystal Palace different from all other buildings in the world?lHow many visitors came to the Great Exhibition?lWhat happened to the Crystal Palace later?1.Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace,which was built in Hyde Park for the Great E
10、xhibition of 1851.句型分析:这是一个非限定性关系从句，修饰逗号前的 the Crystal Palace；这个从句如果去掉并不影响主句的意思。be built for 为.而建，Great Exhibition=Worlds fair 世界博览会 fair 可以指展览会 所以 a book fair 就是书展 Hyde Park:伦敦中西部的一个大公园,英国最大的皇家公园，位于伦敦中心的维斯姆斯特教堂，1851年，维多利亚女王首次在这里举办“世界博览会”海德公园最有名的应算是这里的海德公园最有名的应算是这里的演讲者之角演讲者之角。作为英国民主。作为英国民主的历史象征，市民可在
11、此演说任何有关国计民生的话题，这的历史象征，市民可在此演说任何有关国计民生的话题，这个传统一直延续到今。从个传统一直延续到今。从19世纪以来，每星期天下午，有人世纪以来，每星期天下午，有人站在装肥皂的木箱上发表演说站在装肥皂的木箱上发表演说。因此有因此有“肥皂箱上的民主肥皂箱上的民主”之之说，现在，演讲者大多数站在自带的梯架上，高谈阔论，慷说，现在，演讲者大多数站在自带的梯架上，高谈阔论，慷慨陈词。演说的内容除了不准攻击英国王室和不准对任何人慨陈词。演说的内容除了不准攻击英国王室和不准对任何人进行人身攻击外，什么都可以。进行人身攻击外，什么都可以。每年夏天海德公园经常有一种叫每年夏天海德公园经
12、常有一种叫“无座音乐会无座音乐会”的活动在这里的活动在这里举行。场地里没有座位，听众们可以一边散步一边聆听乐队举行。场地里没有座位，听众们可以一边散步一边聆听乐队的演奏，还可以跟着音乐的节拍跳舞。每当音乐会举行时，的演奏，还可以跟着音乐的节拍跳舞。每当音乐会举行时，海德公园简直成了音乐的海洋。海德公园简直成了音乐的海洋。2、The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world,for it was made of iron and glass.be different from:与.不同be made of
13、:由.构成 桌面是玻璃的。The top of the table is made of glass.3、It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many contries came to see it.of all time表示有史以来、空前的，常与形容词的最高级连用，表示范围 这棵树是有史以来最老的一个.This tree is the oldest one of all time.one of+最高级+复数名词 这种结构的语气比直接用形容词最高级+名词结构要缓和些，不那么绝对 4、A
14、 great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world.a great many 很多=a great deal of 5、There was also a great deal of machinery on display.The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer.on display/on show:展出的；machinery：机器、机械装置的总称，是集合名词，某个具体的机器可用 mach
15、ine或者 a piece of machinery来表示另外还有几个类似关于 on 的短语：on business 因公出差 on foot 步行 on duty 值班 on purpose 故意 on fire 着火 on the whole 总体来说 on any account 无论如何 on the average 平均 on second thoughts 经过进一步考虑 6、Though in those days,travelling was not as easy as it is today,steam boats carried thousands of visitors
16、 across the Channel from Europe.though:引导状语从句，though是表示转折的连词，接近汉语中的虽然，但是不和but连用 Asas 和一样 他和你一样高 He is as tall as you(are).我和她一样爱你 I love you as much as he(does).7、On arriving in England,they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train.on+v.ing:相当于一个时间状语=As soon as 表示一.就.=As soon as they arrived in Eng
17、land,they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train.一到东京,我就打电话给他 On arriving in Tokyo,I called him on the phone.8.There were six million visitors in all,and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges.in all 共计共计有100人参加。There were in all a hundred persons present.Be used
18、to do 被用于树木用于造纸Trees are used to make paper.Used to do 过去常常做某事我过去抽烟，但是几年前我戒了。I used to smoke,but I gave up a couple of years ago.Be used to doing 习惯于做某事你会习惯每天走路上班的。You will be used to walking to work everyday.9.Later,the Crystal Palace was moved to south London.It remained one of the most famous bui
19、ldings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.remain“保持不变，仍然”你为什么在晚宴上保持沉默？Why did you remain silent at the dinner party?当经理讲话的时候，他们都站着。They all remained standing while the manager talked.burn down 烧掉 这幢大楼是上周烧毁的 The building was burned down last week重点短语 Crystal Palace 水晶宫 Great Exhibition 世界博览
20、会 of all time 空前的 a great many 许多 on display/on show 展出 get profit from 从中获利 burn down 烧掉 Summary The Crystal Palace,which was built for the Great Exhibition of 1851,was different from other buildings because it was made of iron and glass.Goods from various parts of the world were on display as well
21、 as a great deal of machinery.So many visitors came by boat and train that it was possible to build colleges and museums from the profits.After the exhibition,the Crystal Palace was moved to South London,where it remained until it was burnt down in 1936.Key Structure the best&the worstl单音节词、一部分的双音节词
22、：词尾加后缀er 或est 构成其比较级和最高级 lthe most extraordinary building of the nineteenth centurylone of the biggest buildings of all timelthe most wonderful piece of machinery on showlone of the most famous buildings in the world Key Structure the best&the worstKey Structure the best&the worstl多音节词、另一部分双音节词：在adj
23、./adv.前加more或most构成Key Structure the best&the worstadj.：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名 词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。adv.：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词 的词叫。副词在句中多作状语的词叫。副词在句中多作状语.一、形容词和副词的概念一、形容词和副词的概念形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。词之前。如如:a new book,two big tree
24、s 等等。二、形容词和副词的用法二、形容词和副词的用法形容词放在系动词形容词放在系动词be、look、get、keep、turn、feel、become、seem、grow、smell等之后。等之后。如如:1.I am short.2.She looks fine.3.They turn green.如果如果形容词形容词修饰不定代词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时等时,要放在不定代要放在不定代词后面。词后面。如如:something interesting nothing new通常在通常在形容词形容词后加后加-ly变成变成副词副词。s
25、low _ real _usual _ careful_easy _ happy _heavy _ angry _slowlyusuallyeasilyheavilyreallycarefullyhappilyangrilyLook at the pictures and Look at the pictures and understand understand bigbiggerbiggestfastfasterfastestLook at the Look at the pictures pictures and understand and understand 三、形容词和副词的级三
26、、形容词和副词的级 形容词和副词有三个等级：形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级原级、比较级、最高级1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。原级：即形容词和副词的原形。small,good,pretty,big,many hard,happily,slowly,quickly 程度副词程度副词very,too,so,quite等修饰形容等修饰形容词和副词的原级。词和副词的原级。如：如：very tall、too hot、so cold quite interesting、run quickly asas(与与一样）一样）not as（so)as（与（与不一样）中间用原级不一样）中间用原级 Th
27、e story is as interesting as that one.The question is not as/so difficult as that one.2.比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。标志词：标志词：than(比）比）单音节词通常是单音节词通常是-er结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加more.如如:smaller,better,taller,older,harder more interesting,more quickly3.最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间的比较。最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物
28、之间的比较。（两者以上用最高级两者以上用最高级）单音节词通常是单音节词通常是-est结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加most.在形容词的最高级前必须加在形容词的最高级前必须加the;副词之前不加副词之前不加如如：smallest,tallest,newest,best,most interesting,most difficultly 不规则变化，不规则变化，要多加注意哦！要多加注意哦！good bad many little well badly much far betterbestworseworstmoremostlessleastbette
29、rbestfartherfarthestworseworstmoremostimportant _ _ easy_ _ wet_ _ happy_ _ careful _ _ thin _ _ good_ _ hot _ _ easily _ _ many_ _ nice _ _ big _ _heavy_ _delicious_ _much_ _给出下列词的比较级和最高级给出下列词的比较级和最高级 more importantmost importanteasiereasiestwetterwettesthappierhappiestmore carefulmost carefulthinn
30、erthinnestbetterbesthotterhottestmore easilymost easilymoremostnicernicestbiggerbiggestheavierheaviestmore deliciousmost deliciousmoremost 比较级的用法：比较级的用法：than 1.汤姆比杰克高.2.这只箱子要比那只箱子大.3.那些苹果比这些大.4.第一个问题很容易第一个问题很容易,但第二个更容易但第二个更容易.Tom is taller than Jack.This box is bigger than that one.Those apples are
31、bigger than these ones.The first question is very easy,but the second one is easier.形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级的用法(in;of)1.那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的.2.今天是一年中最热的一天今天是一年中最热的一天.3.他的房间是三个中最干净的一个他的房间是三个中最干净的一个.4.上海是中国最大的城市上海是中国最大的城市.The girl with short hair is the tallest in our class.Today is the hottest day of
32、the year.His room is the cleanest of the three.Shanghai is the largest city in China.1.The new building is higher than the old one.Those apples are bigger than these ones.2.His shirt is more expensive than mine.如果主语是物主代词如果主语是物主代词+名词，那么后面要用名词，那么后面要用名词性物主代词。名词性物主代词。比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比，比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比，
33、物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称，物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称，特别注意在特别注意在than或或 as 之后不要漏掉可能出现之后不要漏掉可能出现的替代词的替代词 that,those,one,ones.5.The city is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.one of+the+最高级最高级+复数名词复数名词6.Its our largest machine in our factory.当最高级前有物主代词修饰时，其前不加当最高级前有物主代词修饰时，其前不加定冠词定冠词the.形容词的比较级形容词的比较级 +an
34、d+形容词的比较形容词的比较级级 （前后形容词是同一个）（前后形容词是同一个）越来越越来越She is becoming thinner and thinner.Our country is becoming richer and richer.There are more and more students in our school.Living in the world is becoming more and more difficult.the+形容词的比较级形容词的比较级+the+形容形容词的比较级词的比较级 表示表示“越越，就越，就越”The more you eat,the f
35、atter you will be.The harder you study,the more you will get.The smaller the house is,the less it will cost.The sooner,the better.Follow ups(随堂练习)1、-Mr Zhou,all of the students in our group,who lives _?-I think Li Lei does.A.fat B.father C.farthest D.farest2、The Changjiang River is _ than any other
36、river in China.A.shorter B.longer C.shortest D.longest3、Bob never dose his homework _ Mary.He makes lots of mistakes.A.so careful B.as carefully as C.carefully as D.as careful as4、_ she is,_ she feels.A.The more busy,the more happy B.The busy,the happy C.Busier,happier D.The busier,the happier5、The
37、weather is getting w_ a_ w_.(越来越糟糕)CBBD Dorse nd orse 。1.Which do you like _(well),apples or oranges?2.Who is _(old),Jim or Tom?3.Jack is running _ and _(fast).4.Our country is becoming _and _(beautiful).5.He is _(tall)of the two boys.betterolderfasterfastermore more beatifulthe tallestreview1.on du
38、ty 2.on second thoughts 3.on purpose 4.on foot 5.on the whole 6.on any account 7.On the average 多选答案：多选答案：1.c 根据课文第3-4行，只有c.是课文所暗示的并能说明水晶宫与其他建筑不同的原因，而其他3个选择虽然都与课文内容相符，但都不是水晶宫与其他建筑不同的原因，所以只有选c.是正确答案。2.b 根据课文第10-11行 and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges 暗示出博览会是非常成
39、功的，所以只有b.highly successful 是正确的，与课文所暗示的情况相符。而其他3个选择a.failure(失败)，c.not very profitable (不太获利的)和d.spoilt by fire(被烧毁)都与课文内容不符。3.d 只有选d.In 才符合语法，因为英语中“在某年”需要用介词in,而其他3个选择都不能用在年代前面，所以选d.4.a 本句需要一个同前一句中的A great many(大量的,很多)含义最接近的词组.才能与前一句意思相接近.a.quite a few(相当多,不少)只能修饰可数名词.b.quite a little(不少,相当多)只能修饰不可
40、数名词 c.not too many(不太多)意思与a great many 相反 d.very much(很,非常)常做副词,修饰动词.所以只有a.与 a great many 意思最接近,所以选a5.d 该句是用It 作形式主语，后面是动词be 加形容词，需要选一个合适的短语作真正的主语，才能使此句意思完整。按照语法规则，在这类句子中只有to+动词不定式或动词+-ing 形式才能做真正主语。所以a.for traveling,b.in traveling,c.in order to travel 都不符合语法，只有d.to travel 合乎语法，所以应该选d.6.c 前面的短语On ar
41、riving in England 是表示时间的，意思是“一到英国”，本句的前面需要一个能引导时间状语从句的连词，才能与前面的短语含义相同，a.On,b.Why 和d.Where 都不能引导时间从句，只有c.when 可以引导时间从句，意思为“当时候”，所以只能选c.7.a 只有a.of 最合乎语法，一般形容词的最高级后面往往需要介词of 或in 引导的短语作限定语。b.from,c.by 和d.than 这3个选择都不合乎语法，所以选a.8.d 该句需要一个同前一句的形容词extraordinary(非凡的,特别的)含义相同的词.a.extreme(极度的,极端的),b.funny(可笑的),c.big(大的)这3个都与extraordinary 的含义不同,只有 d.exceptional(异常的,罕见的)与extraordinary 的含义最接近,所以选d.9.c 本句需要选一个与前一句中的形容词various(不同的，各种各样的)哈尼相同的形容才能和前一句的意思相吻合。a.mixed (混合的)；b.assorted(不同种类的，分类的)；d.mixed up(混乱的，混淆的)这3个选择都与various 的含义不同，只有c.different(不同的，各种各样的)与various 的意义相同，所以选c.
