1、中考复习人教新目标中考复习人教新目标八年级下册八年级下册3-4单元讲单元讲解解1relation(n.)(n.)关系；联系2cloud(n.)(adj.)多云的3fold(v.)(反义词)(使)展开；打开4sweep(v.)(过去式/过去分词)扫；打扫5throw(v.)(过去式)(过去分词)扔；掷6lend(v.)(过去式/过去分词)供给；借出 (反义词)借；借用7develop(v.)(n.)发展；发育；成长 (adj.)发展中的 (adj.)发达的relationshipcloudyunfoldsweptthrewthrownlentborrowdevelopmentdeveloping
2、developed8drop(v.)(过去式/过去分词)落下；掉下9communicate(v.)(n.)交流；沟通10argue(v.)(n.)争论；争吵11explain(v.)(过去式/过去分词)解释；说明 (n.)解释；说明12compete(v.)(n.)比赛；竞赛；竞争13fair(adj.)(n.)公正性；公平性 (反义词)不公平的；不公正的14ill(adj.)(n.)疾病；病15proper(adj.)(adv.)正确地；适当地droppedcommunicationargumentexplainedexplanationcompetitionfairnessunfairil
3、lnessproperly16clear(adj.)(adv.)清楚地；清晰地；明白地17typical(adj.)(adv.)典型地18quick(adj.)(adv.)很快地19usual(adj.)(反义词)不寻常的；及众不同的 (adv.)通常地；一般地20two(num.)(序数词)第二 (adv.)第二；其次clearlytypicallyquicklyunusualusuallysecondsecondly1倒垃圾2频繁，反复3一就，尽快4目的是，为了5依靠，依赖6照顾，处理7快速查看，浏览8重要的事take out the rubbishall the timeas soon
4、asin order todepend ontake care oflook throughbig deal9成功地发展，解决10和睦相处，关系良好11删除，删去12比较，对比13依看14吃惊地，惊讶地15过来，顺便拜访work outget on withcut outcompare.within ones opinionin surprisecome over1 sweep the floor？“你能扫一下地板吗？”Yes，“好的，当然可以。”2They should spend their time on schoolwork get good grades and a good uni
5、versity.他们应该将时间花在学业上，为的是取得好成绩并考上好大学。3Also，when they get older，they will have to do housework，so for them now.而且，当他们长大后，他们将不得不做家务，所以他们现在没必要做家务。4I think is not so difficult.I them.我认为做家务并不是很难，我并不介意做家务。Could you pleasesurein order toget intothere is no needto do itdoing choresdont mind doing5I found my
6、 sister my things yesterday.昨天我发现我的妹妹在翻阅我的东西。6Instead he watches until late at night.相反，他想看什么就看什么，一直看到深夜。7 kids learn to be independent，it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。8 these feelings with your family？你为何不及你的家人谈谈这些感受呢？9People their kids so hard.人们不该把自己的孩子逼得太紧。10They are always them other
7、 children.他们总是把他们和其他孩子作比较。looking throughwhatever he wantsThe earlierthe betterWhy dont you talk aboutshouldnt pushcomparingwith11Im still her.我还是生她的气。12Although shes wrong，its not a 尽管她不对尽管她不对，但这并不是什么大不了的事。13Hope things 希望事情会好起来。希望事情会好起来。14Maybe I could a few of their activities，but I believe these
8、 activities are important for my childrens future.或许我可以舍弃(放弃)他们的几个活动，但是我相信这些活动对我孩子们的未来是重要的。15Doctors say pressure isnt a childs development.医生们说太多的压力对一个孩子的发展不好。angry withbig dealwork outcut outtoo muchgood for1You look unhappy，John.？Well，I found my mother looking through my mobile phone yesterday.(2
9、015，山西29题)AYou want to restBWhats wrongCHow do you do2？Sorry.There is no one named Gary.You must have the wrong number.(2014，山西28题)ACan I help you BWhats the matterCIs that Gary speaking3A student in Fudan University was killed by his roommate just because of small things in daily life.It is importa
10、nt for students to learn how to each other.(2013，山西18题)Aget on with Bcome over toCstay away fromBCA4Nobody believes a 90yearold could run a marathon she passed the finishing line.People of all ages can challenge themselves.(2012，山西22题)AifBsinceCuntil5I need a costume for tomorrows performance，but it
11、s too expensive.Why not one？(2011，山西18题)Abuy Brent Clend6Drivers shouldnt be allowed after drinking，or they will break the law.(2011，山西23题)Adrive Bdriving Cto drive CBC compare【典例在线】If you compare the two books，you will see that this one is better.如果你比较一下这两本书，就会发现这一本更好。Compare your answers with thos
12、e，you will see if they are right.把你的答案及那些对照一下，你就会知道它们是否正确了。Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。【拓展精析】compare此处作及物动词，意为“比较”，compare.with.“把及作比较”，常用于同类比较。而compare.to.“把比作”，常用于异类比较、比喻。【活学活用】1)When you yourself with others，you miss the wonder of who you are.(2015，扬州)AcompareBcommunicat
13、eCcontact DconnectA in order to【典例在线】In order to get a complete picture，further information is needed.为了掌握全面情况，还需要详细资料。【拓展精析】in order to意为“目的是；为了”，比单纯的to do更强调“目的”，可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。其否定形式为in order not to do。【活学活用】2)Many people give money to Project Hope help the poor children to go to school.Aas soon a
14、s Beven thoughCso that Din order toD while【典例在线】I was taking a bath while my mother was preparing dinner.我妈妈准备晚餐的时候，我正在洗澡。Tom was watching TV while(he was)eating.汤姆边吃边看电视。【拓展精析】while作从属连词，意为“当的时候；在期间”，引导时间状语从句，其谓语动词必须为延续性动词。它强调主句的动作在从句动作的过程中发生，或者主句的动作及从句的动作同时发生，且持续时间一般较长。当while所引导的从句及主句的主语相同，且该从句的动词
15、为be动词时，从句的主语和be动词有时可以省略。【活学活用】3)the children have fun，parents can take dancing lessons on the beach.AThough BIfCWhile DOnce4)Bob took a photo of his girlfriend while she at the party.(2015，资阳)Adances Bwas dancingChas danced Dis dancingCB mind【典例在线】Do you mind if I open the window？我打开窗户，你会介意吗？Would y
16、ou mind parking your car there？你介意把车子停到那边吗？Not at all.不介意。【拓展精析】mind动词，意为“介意；在乎”，后常接从句或动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。Would you mind.？是交际用语中表示“请求”的常用句型，意为“你介意吗？”其肯定回答(即不介意对方做某事)常用：Not at all./Certainly not./Of course not.等。否定回答(即介意对方做某事)常用：Im sorry，but./Im afraid you cant./Yes，youd better not.等。【活学活用】5)Its too col
17、d today.Would you mind the window？(2015，安顺)Certainly not.Go ahead.Ato close BclosingCclose Dclosed6)Would you mind working in the countryside?I will be glad to work there.(2015，重庆)AOf course not BIm afraid soCI dont think so DYoud better notBA allow【典例在线】Who allowed you to leave the camp？谁允许你离开营地的？T
18、hey allowed smoking in this room only.他们只允许在这个房间里抽烟。You are not allowed to smoke here.这里不允许吸烟。【拓展精析】allow动词，意为“允许；准许”。allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事allow doing sth.允许做某事be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事【活学活用】7)My parents didnt allow me to the party.(2015，天津)Ago Bto goCgoesDwent8)In our school，boys are not (al
19、low)to have long hair.Ballowed as soon as【典例在线】The baby began to cry as soon as she saw her mother.那个婴儿一看见她妈妈就开始哭。Well go to play basketball as soon as the rain stops tomorrow.明天雨一停我们就出去打篮球。【拓展精析】as soon as意为“一就”，引导时间状语从句。在使用时，要注意主、从句时态一致。当主句是一般将来时或过去时时，从句应使用对应的一般现在时或过去时。【活学活用】9)Would you please giv
20、e this newlypublished novel to Jack？(2015，泰安)Certainly，he comes back.Abefore Bas soon as Cuntil DunlessB For one week，she did not do any housework and neither did I有一个星期有一个星期，她没做任何家务，我也没做。【典例在线】She doesnt like tea.Neither do I她不喜欢茶，我也不喜欢。She cannot swim and neither can her sister.她不会游泳，她的妹妹也不会。They
21、will play soccer tomorrow.他们明天去踢足球。So will we.我们也去踢。She knows little English.她英语懂得不多。So she does.她的确如此。【拓展精析】neither作副词，意为“也不”。Neither did I是一个倒装句。“neither助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”，表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合另一个人或物。“So助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”表示及上述肯定情况相同。“So主语助动词/情态动词/系动词”表示强调，即对前面所说的情况加以肯定。【活学活用】1)I like vegetables and fruit.(2015
22、，广元)In fact I eat a lot every day.ASo do I BSo am ICSo I do The earlier kids learn to be independent，the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。【典例在线】The more you eat，the fatter you will be.吃得越多，你就越胖。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家正变得越来越美丽。【拓展精析】“the比较级，the比
23、较级”意思是“越，越”。“比较级and比较级”意思是“越来越”。A【活学活用】2)Boys and girls，believe in yourselves.The you are，the better grades youll get.(2015，哈尔滨)Amore careful Bmore carefullyCmost carefully3)The weather is becoming (2014，兰州)Ahotter and hotter Bmore hot and hotChoter and hoter Dmore and more hot Why dont you talk to
24、your parents？你为什么不和你的父母谈谈呢？你为什么不和你的父母谈谈呢？【典例在线】Why dont you buy a suit for your husband？你为什么不给你丈夫买一套西服呢？Why not learn some Chinese pop songs？为什么不学一些中国的流行歌曲？What/How about going for a walk？去散步怎么样？AA【拓展精析】Why dont you do sth.？Why not do sth.？是提建议的一种表达方式。类似的表达方式还有：What/How about doing sth.?Shall we do
25、sth.?Lets do sth.Youd better do sth.其肯定答语为“Good idea！/OK./Wonderful！/Great！/Sounds good！”等；其否定答语为“Sorry，but.”等。【活学活用】4)What should I get my mom for her birthday?Why get her a scarf?Adont you Bdo youCnot you Ddont5)Look！Its raining heavily！take a raincoat with you?Well，Ill take one right now.(2014，阜康
26、)AWhy not BWhy dontCWould you mind DWould you likeAA borrow，lend及及keep【典例在线】I borrowed a book from Jack yesterday.昨天我从杰克那里借了一本书。Jack lent me a book yesterday./Jack lent a book to me yesterday.昨天杰克借给我一本书。How long can I keep the book？这本书我可以借用多长时间？【拓展精析】borrow指“借入”或“借他人的东西供自己使用”。固定短语borrow sth.from sb.
27、意为“向某人借某物”。lend指“(把自己的东西)借出”。固定短语lend sb.sth.或lend sth.to sb.意为“借给某人某物”。keep意为“保存；保留”，可引申为“借用”，此时常及一段时间或how long等连用。【活学活用】1)Jim，can I your car?Sorry，I it to Steven just now.How long will he it?Two days.2)这本书你可以借阅一周。(2015，白银)You can this book a week.borrowlentkeepkeepfor provide及及offer【典例在线】They prov
28、ided the children with good food and clothing.他们给孩子们提供了衣服和食物。The manager offers a job to me in his company.那个经理在他的公司里给我提供了一份工作。【拓展精析】provide意为“提供；供应”，常用于provide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.固定搭配中。offer意为“提供；给予”，常用于offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.固定搭配中。另offer to do sth.意为“(主动提出)做某事”。【活学活用】3)That com
29、pany (提供)us with 3，000 dollars in 2015.4)Parents often their children some good advice.(2014，兰州)Aoffer；with Boffer；/Cprovide；with Dboth B and CprovidedD instead，instead of，rather than【典例在线】Last summer I went to Qingdao.This summer Im going to Dalian instead.去年夏天我去了青岛。今年夏天我将改去大连。We should do somethin
30、g instead of just talking about it.We should do something rather than just talk about it.我们不应该只是谈论，而应该做点什么。【拓展精析】instead作副词，意为“代替；而不是”，常位于句首或句末。instead of和rather than都可以表示“而不是”，常位于句中，两者都可接名词、代词等作宾语。若后接动词时，instead of后接v.ing，rather than后常接动词原形。【活学活用】5)If youre busy，you may come another day 6)He would
31、play computer games do his homework.7)You should try your best to finish it giving up.insteadrather thaninstead of一、单项选择。1I think running is an easy way to keep healthy.，but Bill doesnt think so.(2015，山西中考考前适应性训练)ANo problemBI agreeCIm afraid not2The aim of our school is to prepare us for the future
32、 we can face all the challenges with confidence.(2015，山西百校联考一模)Anow that Bever since Cso that3Hey，Dave.Can you go bike riding on Saturday?Im not available.I must go to celebrate my grandmas birthday.(2015，山西百校联考一模)AYes，Id love to BIts up to you CIm sorryBCC4Its helpful to a good habit of reading in
33、our daily life.(2015，山西百校联考二模)Atake Bshow Cdevelop5Mans understanding of nature is developing It never stays at the same level.(2015，山西百校联考二模)Afrom time to time Bfor the first timeCall the time6Remember to use both sides of the paper.Its our duty to save trees.(2015，山西百校联考二模)AWell done BMe，too CI su
34、re I willCCC7Can I help you?Thank you for your ，but I want to try it by myself.(2015，山西百校联考三模)Aadvice Bnews Coffer8At school，some students are active some are shy，yet they can be friends with one another.(2015，山西百校联考四模)Awhile Balthough Csince9This hotel us a large house.(2015，晋城模拟)Aprovides；for Boff
35、ers；to Cprovides；withCAC10Our government has tried many ways to the smog(雾霾)problem.Maybe well have a clear sky in the near future.(2015，哈尔滨)Aput away Bwork out Ccome up11Which would you like，a cup of tea，a cup of coffee or a glass of milk？(2015，米泉)I think Ill just have a glass of water.ABoth BNeith
36、er CNone12The Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议)will help China improve with those related countries，especially Pakistan.(2015，龙岩)Arelationship Bagreement CenvironmentBCA二、完形填空。Instead of paper towels，many public restrooms have put in hotair hand dryers.I think our school would benefit by 1 these hand
37、 dryers.First of all，a hotair hand dryer is very 2 As we know，a paper towel holder is being passed by a large number of students every day.Some of 3 are likely to catch diseases caused by the germs(细菌)4 the paper towel holder.When hotair hand dryers are put in at our school，students can just stick t
38、heir hands under them，5 touching anything.The spread of diseases will be 6 Secondly，if we buy this hotair hand dryer，we can 7 the schools money.I have noticed that there is a terrible waste of these paper towels.Many students often get more 8 than they really need.9 ，the paper towel holder soon beco
39、mes 10 and our cleaner is called a lot of times a day to bring in new towels.What a waste of time!Finally，our bathroom is a paper towel mess！There are 11 piles of paper towels on the floor.Many times kids turn their used towel into a ball and 12 for a“basket”But if they 13 to throw it into the waste
40、 paper basket，the paper ball stays on the floor.Then we can get very 14 the floor littered with dirty paper.However，a hotair hand dryer can solve the problem.Keeping kids healthy，saving money，and helping our school stay clean are three good 15 for the hand dryers.Lets change them as soon as possible
41、!()1.A.usingBfindingCinventing()2.A.interesting Bdangerous Chealthy()3.A.you Bthem Cus()4.A.waiting for Bliving on Cpreparing for()5.A.without Bby Cafter()6.A.continued Bprevented Cencouraged()7.A.spend Bcollect Csave()8.A.water Btowels CdryersACBBABCB()9.A.As usual BBy the way CAs a result()10.A.po
42、pular Bdirty Cempty()11.A.never Balways Cstill()12.A.aim Blook CAsk()13.A.stop Bfail Crefuse()14.A.angry about Bnervous about Cafraid of()15.A.memories Bexcuses CreasonsCCBABAC三、阅读理解(一)。(2015，晋城模拟)A new term might be the best time to make new friends，but it can be hard to begin the first conversatio
43、n.Below are four useful ways.Take a look.Search for common interests.Talking about shared interests，such as sports and popular talent shows，is the easiest way to make a successful talk with someone.Welcome the silence.In fact，sometimes silence is needed in order to continue a conversation.Remember t
44、hat if you say something，the other person may need time to understand it.Keep it positive(积极的)To make great small talks，you should keep things fun.You should be cheerful and able to laugh over things that arent very interesting.These will make the other person want to keep talking to you.Take it as
45、a learning experience.Every time you meet someone from other places，its a good chance to learn something new.You can learn more about their cultures and nations.These make you a more interesting person to talk to as well.1How many ways are mentioned to start a conversation in the reading？AOnly one.B
46、Three.CFour.2You can start a meaningful conversation by according to the reading.Atravelling to other countriesBstudying very hard in the classCtalking about the same interests3If someone is talking about something you dont like，you should according to the reading.Astop the conversation at onceBbe c
47、heerful and relaxedCkeep silent all the timeCCB四、补全对话。(2015，呼和浩特)A：Hi，everybody.Im Becky.Welcome back to“The Problem Line”Today，were going to talk about problems with parents.Okay，its time for another call.1.B：Hello.My names David.A：Hi，David.Welcome to“The Problem Line”.2.B：Well，Im having problems w
48、ith my mom.Every time we talk about something，we argue.A：3.Its impolite.B：I know.But she always arranges(安排)everything for me.I cant even decide what to wear on weekends.A：Thats too bad.4.B：I tried，but she never listened to me.She thinks I should listen to her because Im her child.A：Well，thats a dif
49、ficult problem.5.C：Hello，Im Vera.I think David should ask his teacher for help.Perhaps his mother will listen to his teacher.BGFEDB：OK.Ill have a try.Thank you.AHi，where are you from?BHello，whos calling?CYou should learn from them.DDear listeners，who can give him some advice?EWhy not have a good tal
50、k with her?FYou shouldnt argue with your mom.GWhats your problem?五、词语运用。(2015，眉山)teacher，cry，mother，promise，sudden，kiss，but，see，anything，sweet“Do you like my dress？”a little girl asked a passing woman.“My mother made it for me，”she said with tears in her eyes.“Well，I think its very beautiful，1.why a
