1、连词是一种虚词连词是一种虚词,在句中不能单独在句中不能单独作句子成分,它只是起连接单词作句子成分,它只是起连接单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。连词主要分为并列连子的作用。连词主要分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。词和从属连词两大类。学习目标学习目标1、掌握连词的概念和用法2、掌握同类连词间的区别3、能够熟练地运用连词命题点命题点1 1 并列连词并列连词命题点命题点2 2 从属连词从属连词 英语中由两个或两个以上的独立分句组成的句子叫并英语中由两个或两个以上的独立分句组成的句子叫并列句。列句。英语中的并列句不能只用逗号将分句隔开,而应该加英语中的并列句不能只用逗
2、号将分句隔开,而应该加分号或并列连词将分句隔开。分号或并列连词将分句隔开。按照用途分类,并列连词可表示并列、选择、转折、因按照用途分类,并列连词可表示并列、选择、转折、因果等几类关系。果等几类关系。命题点一:并列连词命题点一:并列连词表示并列关系的并列连词表示并列关系的并列连词1 1、andand可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词、短语或句子,表示一种顺承关系。可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词、短语或句子,表示一种顺承关系。MyMy brotherbrother andand I I studystudy inin thethe samesame school.school.我哥哥和我在同一所学校上
3、学。我哥哥和我在同一所学校上学。注意:在把含有注意:在把含有andand的肯定句改为否定句时,应把连词的肯定句改为否定句时,应把连词andand改为改为oror。HeHe cantcant readread oror write.write.2 2、在、在“祈使句祈使句+and+and+陈述句陈述句”中表示递进、顺承,意为中表示递进、顺承,意为“就、从而就、从而”等。等。LoveLove others,others,andand youyou willwill bebe loved.loved.去爱别人,你就会得到别人的爱。去爱别人,你就会得到别人的爱。表并列关系的并列连词表并列关系的并列连词
4、“both and”both and”(既(既又又),),“neither nor”neither nor”(既不(既不也不也不),),as well as as well as(和)(和)以及以及“not only not only but also but also”可用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状可用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语等。语等。“both and both and”连接名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;连接名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;BothBoth LiLi PingPing andand MaryMary areare goi
5、nggoing toto thethe GreatGreat WallWall tomorrow.tomorrow.(连接主语)(连接主语)HeHe cancan bothboth swimswim andand skate.skate.(连接谓语)(连接谓语)TheThe TVTV starstar lostlost bothboth hishis girlfriendgirlfriend andand hishis show.show.(连接宾语)(连接宾语)notnot onlybutonlybut alsoalso和和neithernorneithernor连接两个并列的主语连接两个并
6、列的主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上要与最靠近的主语保持一致(就近时,谓语动词在人称和数上要与最靠近的主语保持一致(就近原则)。原则)。neither norneither nor本身表示全部否定含义,故不能再用本身表示全部否定含义,故不能再用否定式,即不能再加否定式,即不能再加notnot。Not onlyNot only you you but alsobut also he ishe is a top student.a top student.=Not only Not only he he but also but also you are you are a top student.a
7、 top student.(连接(连接主语)主语)NeitherNeither he he nornor I am I am going there.going there.=NeitherNeither I I nornor he is he is going there.going there.(连接主语)(连接主语)表并列关系的并列连词表并列关系的并列连词asas wellwell asas短语的作用相当于表示并列关系的连词,可用来连接两短语的作用相当于表示并列关系的连词,可用来连接两个并列的主语、表语、宾语等。连接两个并列主语时,强调前者,谓个并列的主语、表语、宾语等。连接两个并列主语
8、时,强调前者,谓语动词与语动词与asas wellwell asas前面的主语一致。它与前面的主语一致。它与notnot onlybutonlybut alsoalso意义相同,但意义相同,但notnot onlybutonlybut alsoalso强调的是后者,连接并列主语时,强调的是后者,连接并列主语时,谓语动词与后面的主语一致。谓语动词与后面的主语一致。MyMy parentsparents asas wellwell asas mymy sistersister enjoyenjoy classicalclassical music.music.MyMy sistersister a
9、sas wellwell asas mymy parentsparents enjoysenjoys classicalclassical music.music.NotNot onlyonly mymy parentsparents butbut alsoalso mymy sistersister enjoysenjoys classicalclassical music.music.表并列关系的并列连词表并列关系的并列连词表示转折和对比关系的词有表示转折和对比关系的词有but but,yetyet和和whilewhile。butbut 意为意为“但是,然而,可是但是,然而,可是”,连接两
10、个句法作用相同的单,连接两个句法作用相同的单词、短语或句子,指两者情况相反。词、短语或句子,指两者情况相反。TheThe manman waswas soso tiredtired,butbut hehe isis stillstill wentwent onon workingworking.(连接两个句子)(连接两个句子)HeHe isis youngyoung,butbut veryvery knowledgeableknowledgeable.(连接两个作表语的(连接两个作表语的形容词)形容词)表转折关系的并列连词表转折关系的并列连词She said she would be late
11、,yet she arrived on time.He waited until his mother came back.注意:在把含有and的肯定句改为否定句时,应把连词and改为or。when和 whileWherever you go,I will be right here waiting for you.根据句意可知感冒是没来的原因,前后存在因果关系。正:Though/Although it rained hard,still/yet he got to school on time.Spring comes _(since /after)winter.【辨析】for 和 beca
12、use 的区别Tom can do some things at home _ he is still young.because 因为;”Because因为;not only;but alsoWherever you go,I will be right here waiting for you.萨利喜欢红色,而珍妮喜欢白色。before D.表示并列关系的并列连词引导状语从句的从属连词误:Though/Although it rained hard,but he got to school on time.表转折关系的并列连词表转折关系的并列连词WhileWhile 在表示转折关系时,往往
13、连接内容和结构对称的两个部分,用在表示转折关系时,往往连接内容和结构对称的两个部分,用来表示鲜明的来表示鲜明的对比对比。SallySally likeslikes redred whilewhile JennyJenny likeslikes whitewhite.(对比意义)(对比意义)萨利喜欢红色,而珍妮喜欢白色。萨利喜欢红色,而珍妮喜欢白色。yetyet 意为意为“但是、然而但是、然而”,常连接句子,表示惊讶或转折。,常连接句子,表示惊讶或转折。SheShe saidsaid sheshe wouldwould bebe latelate,yetyet sheshe arrivedarr
14、ived onon timetime.(表示惊(表示惊讶)讶)TomTom waswas usuallyusually soso carefulcareful,yetyet thisthis timetime hehe mademade a a smallsmall mistakemistake.(表示转折)(表示转折)表示选择关系的并列连词表示选择关系的并列连词表示选择关系的并列连词有表示选择关系的并列连词有oror(或者),(或者),eitheroreitheror(或者(或者或者或者),),notbutnotbut(不是(不是而是而是)等。)等。1 1、oror用来连接两个或多个单词、短
15、语或从句。用来连接两个或多个单词、短语或从句。DoDo theythey gogo toto schoolschool onon footfoot oror byby bikebike.(连接短语)(连接短语)WillWill youyou comecome toto seesee me,me,oror shallshall I I gogo there?there?(连接句子)(连接句子)oror 有时表示有时表示“否则否则”,用于,用于“祈使句祈使句+or+or+陈述句陈述句”结构。前面的结构。前面的祈使句表示一个否定的条件,后面的陈述句表示结果。祈使句表示一个否定的条件,后面的陈述句表示
16、结果。HurryHurry up,up,oror youyou willwill bebe late.late.表示选择关系的并列连词表示选择关系的并列连词2 2、eitheroreitheror意为意为“或者或者或者或者;不是;不是就是就是;要;要么么要么要么”如果如果eitheroreitheror连接的是两个并列主语,谓语动连接的是两个并列主语,谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致(就近原则)。词与最靠近的主语保持一致(就近原则)。TheThe watchwatch isis eithereither inin mymy bagbag oror onon thethe tabletable.(
17、连接表语)(连接表语)EitherEither hishis parentsparents oror hishis uncleuncle isis goinggoing toto NewNew York.York.(连接两(连接两个主语,谓语动词与个主语,谓语动词与hishis uncleuncle 保持一致)保持一致)3 3、notbut notbut意为意为“不是不是而是而是”。当它连接两个并列主语。当它连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的形式要与时,谓语动词的形式要与butbut后面的主语保持一致。后面的主语保持一致。NotNot moneymoney butbut skilledskille
18、d workersworkers areare whatwhat wewe need.need.表示因果关系的并列连词表示因果关系的并列连词表示因果关系的并列连词主要有表示因果关系的并列连词主要有soso和和forfor。1 1、soso意为意为“所以,因此所以,因此”,后面接的句子表示结果。,后面接的句子表示结果。WeWe didntdidnt havehave anyany moneymoney forfor a a taxitaxi,soso wewe walkedwalked backback toto thethe hotelhotel.(原因(原因+结果)结果)【拓展拓展】soso
19、 除了用作连词外,也可用作副词。可用于代替上面所除了用作连词外,也可用作副词。可用于代替上面所说的内容,意为说的内容,意为“如此,如是如此,如是”,如,如I I thinkthink so.so.(我认为这样)。(我认为这样)。也可以表示达到某种程度,意为也可以表示达到某种程度,意为“那么,这么那么,这么”,如,如 DontDont speakspeak soso fast.fast.(别说的那么快)。(别说的那么快)。表示因果关系的并列连词表示因果关系的并列连词forfor 意为意为“因为,由于因为,由于”,后面的分句通常表示一种推断性的原因,是,后面的分句通常表示一种推断性的原因,是对前一
20、分句的补充。此时对前一分句的补充。此时forfor 连接的分句不能放在句首。连接的分句不能放在句首。ItIt isis morning,morning,forfor thethe birdsbirds areare singing.singing.(结果(结果+原因)原因)【辨析辨析】forfor 和和 becausebecause 的区别的区别并列连词并列连词 forfor 连接的分句只能放在句尾,前面用逗号隔开,表示补充说连接的分句只能放在句尾,前面用逗号隔开,表示补充说明或者提供推断的理由。从属连词明或者提供推断的理由。从属连词 becausebecause 表示的是一种明确的因果关表示
21、的是一种明确的因果关系,解释原因,即可位于主句前也可位于主句后,常回答系,解释原因,即可位于主句前也可位于主句后,常回答whywhy引导的问句。引导的问句。PaulPaul mustmust bebe atat home,home,forfor thethe lightlight inin hishis roomroom isis stillstill on.on.HeHe waswas latelate becausebecause hehe didntdidnt catchcatch thethe schoolschool bus.bus.即学即练即学即练1.WeChat(1.WeChat
22、(微信微信)is very popular.)is very popular._ the young the young _ the old the old are getting interested in it.are getting interested in it.A.Neither.norA.Neither.norB.Either.orB.Either.orC.Not only.but alsoC.Not only.but alsoD.Between.and D.Between.and C C【解析】【解析】考查并列连词短语辨析。句意为:微信很流行。考查并列连词短语辨析。句意为:微信
23、很流行。_年轻人年轻人_老年人都变得对它感兴趣。老年人都变得对它感兴趣。NeithernorNeithernor既不既不也不也不;EitherorEitheror或者或者或者或者;Not onlybut also Not onlybut also 不仅不仅而且而且;BetweenandBetweenand在在和和之间。由前句之间。由前句“微信很流行微信很流行”可推知可推知不仅年轻人对它感兴趣,而且老年人也对它感兴趣,故选不仅年轻人对它感兴趣,而且老年人也对它感兴趣,故选C C。2.To achieve a bright future,we _ should study 2.To achieve
24、 a bright future,we _ should study hard _ keep in good health.hard _ keep in good health.I agree with you.I agree with you.A.not;but A.not;but B.not only;but also B.not only;but alsoC.neither;norC.neither;nor D.either;or D.either;or【解析】【解析】考查并列连词短语辨析。句意考查并列连词短语辨析。句意“为了实现一个光明的未来为了实现一个光明的未来,我们我们_应该努力学
25、习应该努力学习,_保持健康。保持健康。”“”“我同意你的看法。我同意你的看法。”notbutnotbut不是不是而是而是;not only but also;not only but also不仅不仅而且而且;neithernor;neithernor既不既不也不也不;eitheror;eitheror或者或者或者或者。从句意并结合常识可知。从句意并结合常识可知,为了实现一个光明的未来为了实现一个光明的未来,努力学习和保努力学习和保持健康缺一不可持健康缺一不可,所以连词短语所以连词短语 not onlybut also not onlybut also符合题意。符合题意。故选故选B B。B B
26、3.3.Would you like to hang out with us?Would you like to hang out with us?I Id love to,d love to,_ I have to study for the I have to study for the test.test.A.andA.andB.soB.soC.butC.butD.orD.orC C【解析】【解析】考查并列连词词义辨析。句意考查并列连词词义辨析。句意“你想和我们你想和我们一起出去逛逛吗?一起出去逛逛吗?”“”“我很乐意我很乐意,_我必须为考试而我必须为考试而学习。学习。”根据句意可知空格
27、前后的句子为转折关系根据句意可知空格前后的句子为转折关系,此此处应用处应用but,but,表示表示“但是但是”。故选。故选C C。4.Alice caught a cold last night,_ she is 4.Alice caught a cold last night,_ she is absent today.absent today.A.but A.but B.or B.or C.soC.so D.andD.and【解析】【解析】考查并列连词词义辨析。句意:爱丽丝昨天考查并列连词词义辨析。句意:爱丽丝昨天晚上感冒了,晚上感冒了,_她今天缺席。她今天缺席。butbut但是;但是;o
28、ror否则,否则,或者;或者;soso所以;所以;andand并且,和。根据句意可知感冒是并且,和。根据句意可知感冒是没来的原因,前后存在因果关系。故选没来的原因,前后存在因果关系。故选C C。C C用用andand,butbut,oror,whilewhile,forfor或或soso填空。填空。1.The dress fits me well,_ I dont want to 1.The dress fits me well,_ I dont want to buy it because its too expensive.buy it because its too expensive.
29、2.When you are learning English,use it,_ you 2.When you are learning English,use it,_ you will lose it.will lose it.3.It was snowing hard _ we had to stay at home.3.It was snowing hard _ we had to stay at home.4.He is short _ his brother is tall.4.He is short _ his brother is tall.5.The shop is quit
30、e new,_ it has been open for 5.The shop is quite new,_ it has been open for a week.a week.6.He likes English _ he is good at it.6.He likes English _ he is good at it.butbutororsosoandandwhilewhileforfor命题点二:从属连词命题点二:从属连词从属连词通常引导一个从句,修饰主句,一般分两类:引导名从属连词通常引导一个从句,修饰主句,一般分两类:引导名词性从句(如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
31、)词性从句(如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)的从属连词和引导状语从句的从属连词。的从属连词和引导状语从句的从属连词。引导名词性从句的从属连词引导名词性从句的从属连词引导名词性从句的从属连词有在句中不做任何成分的连词引导名词性从句的从属连词有在句中不做任何成分的连词 thatthat(无(无具体意义)、具体意义)、ifif(是否)、(是否)、whetherwhether(是否)等。(是否)等。I I dontdont thinkthink thatthat wewe shouldshould staystay anotheranother week.week.(引导宾语(引导宾语从句
32、)从句)I I wonderwonder ifif /whether/whether hehe willwill comecome onon time.time.(引导宾语从句)(引导宾语从句)WhetherWhether hellhell comecome oror notnot isis unknown.unknown.(引导主语从句)(引导主语从句)TheThe resultresult isis thatthat sheshe wonwon thethe girlsgirls 400400 metersmeters race.race.(引(引导表语从句)导表语从句)引导状语从句的从属
33、连词引导状语从句的从属连词引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句whenwhen当当时候时候WhenWhen youyou comecome inin,I I waswas talkingtalking withwith a a fewfew boys.boys.whilewhile当当时候时候 ItIt startedstarted toto rainrain whilewhile wewe werewere playingplaying basketball.basketball.asas当当时候时候;TheyThey laughedlaughed asas theythey walkedwal
34、ked downdown thethe river.river.afterafter在在之后之后AfterAfter youyou finishfinish thisthis form,form,comecome toto mymy office.office.beforebefore在在之前之前DontDont handhand inin youryour paperspapers beforebefore youyou areare suresure therethere areare nono mistakes.mistakes.until/tiuntil/tillll直到直到WaitW
35、ait herehere untiluntil /tilltill I I e.sincesince自自开始开始 I I havehave livedlived inin EnglandEngland sincesince I I waswas three.three.asas soonsoon asas一一就就AsAs soonsoon asas youyou feelfeel sick,sick,gogo toto seesee a a doctor.doctor.whenwhen和和 whilewhilewhen when 和和while while 都有都有“当当时候时候”的意思,但的
36、意思,但while while 引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须用表示状态从句中的谓语动词必须用表示状态的延续性动词,而的延续性动词,而when when 不受此影响。不受此影响。Please buy me some stamps Please buy me some stamps whilewhile you you are in the post are in the post officeoffice.I I waswas readingreading whenwhen thethe teacherteacher camecame in.in.untiluntilunti
37、luntil引导从句时,在肯定句中,主引导从句时,在肯定句中,主句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词,句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词,意为意为“一直到一直到结束结束”;在否定;在否定句中,主句的谓语动词必须为瞬间句中,主句的谓语动词必须为瞬间性动词,意为性动词,意为“直到直到才开始才开始”。He He waitedwaited until until his mother his mother came back.came back.HeHe didntdidnt sleepsleep untiluntil hehe finishedfinished hishis homehome work.work.
38、引导状语从句的从属连词引导状语从句的从属连词引导状语从句的从属连词引导状语从句的从属连词引导地点状语从句引导地点状语从句wherewhere地方地方 I I livelive wherewhere therethere areare mountains.mountains.whereverwherever无论哪里无论哪里WhereverWherever youyou go,go,I I willwill bebe rightright herehere waitingwaiting forfor you.you.引导原因状语从句引导原因状语从句becausebecause因为因为WeWe sh
39、ouldshould gogo toto bedbed earlyearly becausebecause wellwell startstart offoff earlyearly tomorrow.tomorrow.sincesince既然既然SinceSince youyou knowknow allall aboutabout it,it,telltell meme please.please.asas由于由于AsAs allall thethe seatsseats werewere taken,taken,I I hadhad toto standstand 注意注意because
40、because 和和 soso 不能同时使用不能同时使用引导状语从句的从属连词引导状语从句的从属连词引导条件状语从句引导条件状语从句ifif如果如果IfIf itit isis sunnysunny tomorrow,tomorrow,wewe willwill gogo fishing.fishing.unlessunless除非;如果除非;如果不不WeWe wontwont finishfinish thethe workwork inin timetime unlessunless wewe workwork hard.hard.asas longlong asas 只要只要YouYou
41、 cancan gogo outout asas longlong asas youyou finishfinish youryour homework.homework.IfIf(如果),(如果),unlessunless(除非)和(除非)和asas longlong asas(只要)引(只要)引导从句时,主句是将来时或含有情态动词或祈使句时,导从句时,主句是将来时或含有情态动词或祈使句时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。从句用一般现在时表示将来。引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句althoughalthough /thoughthough尽管尽管HeHe wentwent toto schools
42、chool althoughalthough /thoughthough hehe waswas ill.ill.eveneven ifif /eveneven thoughthough尽管;即使尽管;即使EvenEven ifif /EvenEven thoughthough learninglearning isis slowslow andand painful,painful,thethe resultresult isis wonderful.wonderful.引导状语从句的从属连词引导状语从句的从属连词【注意注意】thoughthough /althoughalthough 不能
43、与不能与 butbut 连用,但可与连用,但可与 stillstill、yetyet 连用。连用。误:误:ThoughThough /AlthoughAlthough itit rainedrained hard,hard,butbut hehe gotgot toto schoolschool onon time.time.正:正:ThoughThough /AlthoughAlthough itit rainedrained hard,hard,hehe gotgot toto schoolschool onon time.time.正:正:ThoughThough /AlthoughAl
44、though itit rainedrained hard,hard,stillstill /yetyet hehe gotgot toto schoolschool onon time.time.引导目的状语从句的连词主要有引导目的状语从句的连词主要有 inin orderorder thatthat、soso thatthat(为了、以便(为了、以便于)。于)。InIn orderorder thatthat /SoSo thatthat wewe cancan arrivearrive therethere onon time,time,wewe shouldshould taketak
45、e a a taxi.taxi.HeHe playedplayed thethe pianopiano veryvery gentlygently inin orderorder thatthat /soso thatthat thethe babybaby couldcould notnot bebe wokenwoken up.up.引导状语从句的从属连词引导状语从句的从属连词引导比较状语从句的连词主要有引导比较状语从句的连词主要有 thanthan、asasasas、notnot as/soasas/soas。ChinaChina hashas a a largerlarger popu
46、lationpopulation thanthan AmericaAmerica (does).(does).HeHe speaksspeaks EnglishEnglish asas wellwell asas AmericansAmericans (do).(do).SomeSome peoplepeople thinkthink thatthat planesplanes nownow areare notnot as/soas/so safesafe asas trainstrains (are).(are).【注意注意】asas asas、notnot as/soasas/soas结
47、构中要用形容词和副词的原级。结构中要用形容词和副词的原级。引导状语从句的从属连词引导状语从句的从属连词在句子中做结果状语的从句称为结果状语从句。结果状语从句一般置于句尾。在句子中做结果状语的从句称为结果状语从句。结果状语从句一般置于句尾。其引导词或短语常见的有其引导词或短语常见的有soso(thatthat)、)、sothatsothat、suchthatsuchthat等。等。1 1、soso thatthat 引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句 soso thatthat 除了可以引导目的状语从句(通常含有情态动词),还可以引导结除了可以引导目的状语从句(通常含有情态动词),还可以引导结果状
48、语从句,果状语从句,thatthat有时可省略。有时可省略。WeWe arrivedarrived earlyearly inin thethe morning,morning,soso thatthat wewe caughtcaught thethe firstfirst train.train.我们早上到得很早,所以赶上了早班火车。我们早上到得很早,所以赶上了早班火车。WeWe movedmoved toto thethe country,country,soso thatthat wewe werewere awayaway fromfrom thethe noisynoisy cit
49、y.city.我们搬到了乡下,所以我们远离了喧闹的城市。我们搬到了乡下,所以我们远离了喧闹的城市。引导状语从句的从属连词引导状语从句的从属连词2 2、sothatsothat(如此(如此以致于以致于)引导结果状语从句)引导结果状语从句sothatsothat的常用句型有三种,口语中的常用句型有三种,口语中thatthat经常省略。经常省略。soso +形容词形容词 /副词副词 +thatthatItIt waswas soso coldcold outsideoutside thatthat wewe hadhad toto stopstop thethe game.game.HeHe dro
50、vedrove soso carelesslycarelessly thatthat hehe almostalmost lostlost hishis life.life.soso +manymany /fewfew /muchmuch /littlelittle +相应形式的名词相应形式的名词 +thatthatHeHe gotgot soso littlelittle moneymoney thatthat hishis familyfamily hadhad toto livelive onon welfare.welfare.HeHe mademade soso manymany m