1、20102010年年高考英语考前辅导高考英语考前辅导二、突破写作误区，二、突破写作误区，巧做书面表达巧做书面表达 一、活用基础知识，一、活用基础知识，巧做单项选择巧做单项选择一一活用基础知识活用基础知识巧做单项选择巧做单项选择（一）基础知识考查要点（一）基础知识考查要点1 名词：考查的重点是名词单复数，名名词：考查的重点是名词单复数，名词辨义及名词搭配。词辨义及名词搭配。如：He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers.A.wealth;work B.wealths;works C.wealths;work D.wealth;works 答案：
2、答案：D。分析：分析：wealth为为不可数名词。不可数名词。work作不可数名作不可数名词，意为词，意为“工作工作”；作可数名词，意；作可数名词，意为为“作品作品”、“著著作作”。2 冠词和数词：考查的重点是冠词和数冠词和数词：考查的重点是冠词和数词的基本用法。词的基本用法。如：She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A.the,the B.the,不填 C.a,不填 D.a,the答案：答案：C。分析：分析：newcomer是泛指是泛指，用不定冠词。学科名词，用
3、不定冠词。学科名词chemistry，不用冠词。，不用冠词。3 代词：考查的重点是不定代词与物主代词：考查的重点是不定代词与物主代词的用法。代词的用法。如：-Is your camera like Bills and Anns?-No.But its almost the same as_.A.her B.yours C.them D.their答案：答案：B。分析：此处比较的是分析：此处比较的是camera，要用物主代词。形容词性物主代要用物主代词。形容词性物主代词只能作定语，空格后没有名词词只能作定语，空格后没有名词，所以要用名词性物主代词。，所以要用名词性物主代词。4 形容词和副词：考查
4、的重点是形容词形容词和副词：考查的重点是形容词和副词的比较结构、词语辨异和系表结和副词的比较结构、词语辨异和系表结构。如：构。如：-Have you finished your report yet？-No,Ill finish in _ten minutes.A.another B.other C.more D.less答案：答案：A。分析：分析：another后可接单数名后可接单数名词，也可跟词，也可跟few或带数词的复或带数词的复数名词表示数名词表示“再、还再、还”之意之意。5 动词的时态和语态：动词的时态和语态：在历年的高考中所在历年的高考中所占的比重最大。考查的重点是复合句中的动占的
5、比重最大。考查的重点是复合句中的动词形式词形式,语态常与时态一起考查。语态常与时态一起考查。如：-Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet.The rooms _.A.are being painting B.are paintingC.are painted D.are being painted 答案：答案：D。分析：先确定语态为被分析：先确定语态为被动，再确定时态为进行动，再确定时态为进行时。时。6 情态动词：情态动词：考查的重点是情态动词的基本考查的重点是情态动词的基本用法、虚拟语气的意义与结构。用法、虚拟语气的意义与结构。如：-There
6、were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.-It _a comfortable journey.A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been 答案：答案：D。分析：此处谈论过去的分析：此处谈论过去的情况，为对过去情况的情况，为对过去情况的否定性推测。否定性推测。7 非谓语动词：非谓语动词：在高考中的分数比重及题量逐在高考中的分数比重及题量逐步增加。考查的重点从及物动词后用不定式或动名步增加。考查的重点从及物动词后用
7、不定式或动名词作宾语，转向非谓语动词的句法功能、时间概念、词作宾语，转向非谓语动词的句法功能、时间概念、主动还是被动。主动还是被动。如：Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A.to have invented B.inventing C.to invent D.having invented答案：答案：A。分析：分析：consider表示表示“思考思考”时，常用动名词短语作宾语。时，常用动名词短语作宾语。但此处但此处consider表示表示“认为认为”，后接不定式复合结构。不定，后接不定式复合结构。不定式的动
8、作发生在谓语动作之前式的动作发生在谓语动作之前，要用完成式来表示。，要用完成式来表示。8 特殊句型：考查的重点是倒装、强调、感特殊句型：考查的重点是倒装、强调、感叹、否定转移、部分否定、反意问句以及省叹、否定转移、部分否定、反意问句以及省略和替代。略和替代。如：Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.A.did the villagers realizeB.the villagers realizedC.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villa
9、gers realize答案：答案：A。分析：否定词位分析：否定词位于句首时，主句于句首时，主句须倒装并且不能须倒装并且不能再出现再出现not。9简单句、并列句和复合简单句、并列句和复合句：考查的重点连接词的句：考查的重点连接词的用法。用法。如：It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A.while B.if C.that D.for 答案：答案：C。分析：分析：it是形式主是形式主语，而真正的主语语，而真正的主语是空格后的整个句是空格后的整个句子。此处只有子。此处只有that能引导主语从句。能引导主语从句。10 短语与搭配：考查的重点
10、一般是动词短语与搭配：考查的重点一般是动词短语辨义，以及介词与动词、形容词的短语辨义，以及介词与动词、形容词的搭配。搭配。如：John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to _all his trousers to his measure.A.let out B.give away C.bring in D.make up答案：答案：A。分析：分析：let out表示表示“放大放大”。11交际用语：考查的重点是日常交际用语，交际用语：考查的重点是日常交际用语，一般是根据上下文情境来判断答语。一般是根据上下文情境来判断
11、答语。如：A:May I take your order?B:Id like a cup of coffee and a hot dog.What about you,Lisa?Lisa:_.A.The same to me B.Same again,please C.Its very kind of you D.Thank you all the same.答案：答案：B。分析：分析：Same again,please.表表示示“同样的再来一同样的再来一份份”。（二）单项选择解题技巧（二）单项选择解题技巧 1 利用上下语境。利用上下语境。如：-Where shall I _?-At the
12、next stop.A.drop you B.find you C.pick you up D.call on you 答案：答案：A。分析：就第一句而言，分析：就第一句而言，四个选项都有意义。但四个选项都有意义。但是，答语是，答语At the next stop暗示：两个人说暗示：两个人说话时在一起。话时在一起。B、C、D都不能用于这一情境都不能用于这一情境。2 参照类似表达。参照类似表达。如：-Where are you going to do the shopping?-At the _ store.A.shoes B.shoe C.shoes D.shoes答案：答案：B。分析：想一下
13、熟悉。分析：想一下熟悉的的the book store，此题就迎，此题就迎刃而解了。此题涉及名词作刃而解了。此题涉及名词作定语的用法，一般规则是：定语的用法，一般规则是：名词作定语用单数。但是，名词作定语用单数。但是，也不能形成定势：有时也也不能形成定势：有时也用复数，例如：用复数，例如：a clothes shop,a communications satellite,a sales department等。名词的所等。名词的所有格表达时间、距离和价值有格表达时间、距离和价值，例如：，例如：three days stay,a stones throw,ten dollars worth of
14、 oil等。等。3 避免思维定势。避免思维定势。如：The young man spent as much time as he _ over his lessons.A.went B.would go C.could to go D.could going 答案：答案：D。分析：分析：spend 的句型是的句型是spend+time+doing。不要受。不要受She did what she could to help him.的的影响。影响。4 分析句子成分。分析句子成分。如：The exciting moment we looked forward to _ at last.A.comi
15、ng B.came C.come D.comes答案：答案：B。分析：本句主语是分析：本句主语是The exciting moment，we looked forward to是个定语从句，前面的关系代词是个定语从句，前面的关系代词which被省略了。所选部分是谓语被省略了。所选部分是谓语，不是，不是look forward to的宾语。的宾语。5 分析句子结构。分析句子结构。如：_in the doorway,everyone in the room gave her a cheer.A.Appearing B.As she appeared C.Having appeared D.When
16、 appearing答案：答案：B。分析：分析：in the doorway的不是的不是everyone，而是，而是she，所以，所以in the doorway之前要有之前要有she。此句运用的是。此句运用的是as引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句。从句。_,she had to stay at home and looked after her.A.Her mother was ill B.As she was ill C.Her mother being ill D.Being ill答案：答案：C。分析：生病的不是分析：生病的不是she，而是，而是Her mother。逗。逗号不能连接两
17、个句子，要么用并列句号不能连接两个句子，要么用并列句Her mother was ill,so she had to stay at home and looked after her.要么用主从复合句要么用主从复合句Because her mother was ill,she had to stay at home and looked after her.此句运用独立此句运用独立主格结构主格结构Her mother being ill作原因状语。作原因状语。6 重视标点符号。重视标点符号。如：_,the Great Wall is the longest wall in the world
18、.A.That is well-known B.It is known that C.As is well-known D.We all know 答案：C。分析：逗号说明此句是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，不是主语从句。7 重视一词多性。重视一词多性。如：I saw a _ good girl on TV last night.A.lovely B.handsome C.pretty D.nice答案：C。分析：四个都可以作形容词，但pretty还可作副词，表示“相当”。8 重视一词多义。重视一词多义。如：Janes pale face suggested that she _ill,and
19、 her parents suggested that she _a medical examination.A.be;should have B.was;have C.should be;had D.was;has答案：B。分析：suggest表示“暗示”，从句用陈述语气；表示“建议”，从句用虚拟语气（should可以省略）。（二）阅读理解的考查方式（二）阅读理解的考查方式 推断词义。推断词义。利用形合手段。利用形合手段。形合指的是：同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系。例如：Finally,renewable energy sources are used even thoug
20、h they are often expensive to develop.One form of these is geothermal energy.In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometer down.At six kilometers,therefore,it rises to nearly two hundred degrees.To get the heat,water is pumped down
21、 into the rocks and back up to the surface.Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries.The underlined words in the paragraph mean _.A.renewable source B.underground source C.heat inside the earth D.temperature of the earth答案：答案：C。geothermal energy是是renewable energy的一种形式，属上下的一种形式，属上下义关系。
22、义关系。geothermal energy与与heat from the earth是同义关系。是同义关系。利用语言情境。利用语言情境。语境指的是照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等。例如：The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways-education,medicine,and business.Quietly,the graying of America has made us a very different society-one in which people have a quite diffe
23、rent idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages.The underlined word one refers to _.A.a society B.America C.a place D.population答案：答案：A。one 是是society的同位语。的同位语。利用构词知识。利用构词知识。构词法主要有：词缀法转类法合词法。例如：Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become computer-literate.But n
24、ot all experts agree that this is a good idea.One pioneer,in particular,who disagrees,is David,the founder of computertown UK.Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer,David does not see it that way.He says that Computertowns UK was formed for just
25、the opposite reason,to bring computers to people and make them people-literate.David thinks Computertowns are most successful when tied to a computer club but he insists there is an important difference between the two.The clubs are for people who have some computer knowledge already.This frightens
26、away non-experts,who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers for them to experiment on,with experts to encourage them and answer any questions they have.They are not told what to do,they find out.The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers,but have to b
27、e able to answer all questions people ask.People dont have to learn computer terms(术语术语),but the experts have to explain in plain language.The computers are becoming people-literate.分析：文中解释了两个概念：computer-literate：to bring people closer to the computer a computer club：for people who have some compute
28、r knowledge alreadypeople-literate：to bring computers to peopleComputertowns：there are computers for them to experiment onnot to tell people about computersdont have to learn computer terms(术语术语)We can infer from the text that computer-literate means .A.being able to afford a computerB.being able to
29、 write computer programsC.working with the computer and finding out its valueD.understanding the computer and knowing how to use it答案：答案：D。抓住抓住have some computer knowledge already这一关键，并通过理这一关键，并通过理解其相对概念解其相对概念people-literate作出选择。作出选择。其实，其实，computer-literate是是computer（计（计算机）和算机）和literate（受过教育的）构成的合成（
30、受过教育的）构成的合成词，如果分别知道这两个词的意思，不仅有词，如果分别知道这两个词的意思，不仅有助于本词汇题的选择，也有助于本文的理解助于本词汇题的选择，也有助于本文的理解。阅读词汇要求：生词率3%*1000（以上）=至少30。30/5=6个生词/篇。建议：弄熟全国统一考试大纲中的词汇。认识新课标中的词汇。概括主旨。概括主旨。常见的提问方式：This news story is mainly about _.The text is mainly about _.The best headline(标题)for this newspaper article is_.What does the
31、second paragraph mainly discuss?What would be the best title for the text?例如：Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.Such a person is not really a thief.They are sick and cannot help themselves.All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally l
32、earn to control their actions-People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them.With medical help they may become normal citizens again-The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.They of
33、ten give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.What is the topic of the text?A.Young thieves.B.An unusual illness.C.Reasons for stealing.D.A normal childs actions.答案：答案：B。本文议论的中心为一种罕见。本文议论的中心为一种罕见的疾病，的疾病，浓缩于第一句主题句中：浓缩于第一句主题句中：Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that give
34、s a person the desire to steal.捕捉细节。捕捉细节。常见的提问方式：Which of the following statements is true according to the paragraph(passage)?Which of the following statements is false(not true),according to the paragraph(passage)?All the following statements are(not true)EXCEPT The author(writer)mentions all of t
35、he items listed below EXCEPT In this paragraph(passage),we find support for all of the following statements EXCEPT The statements made by the author(writer)are based on evidence(example,fact)The author(paragraph,passage)states(informs,tell us)that例如：Sam and Joe were astronauts.There was once a very
36、dangerous trip and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive.Sam and Joe,however,thought,it would be exciting though a little dangerous.Were the best men for the job,they said to the boss.There may be problems,but we can find the answers.Theyre the last
37、people Id trust,thought the boss.But all the other astronauts have refused to go.Most of the astronauts were u n w i l l i n g t o g o o n t h e t r i p because_.A.there was little chance of being selected B.they werent experienced enoughC.they thought they might get killed D.it wasnt exciting enoug
38、h答案：答案：C。本题答案在文中可直。本题答案在文中可直接找到：接找到：the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive.推断信息。推断信息。针对主题大意针对主题大意/中心思想的推断题。中心思想的推断题。常见的提问方式：We can conclude that.We may infer that.The writer suggests that.The story implies that.What the writer really means is.It can b
39、e inferred from the passage that.According to the passage,you can see.It can be seen from the passage that.The passage suggests that.In the writers opinion,.针对作者的观点、态度和意图的推断题。针对作者的观点、态度和意图的推断题。What does the author think of?How does the author feel about?In the writers opinion,?Whats the tone of this
40、 passage?针对写作思路、文章体裁和来源的推断题针对写作思路、文章体裁和来源的推断题What does/did the paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss?The paragraph following the passage most probably discussesThis selection（节选）might be some parts of a book concerned with.This passage might be taken out of a book dealing with.Where
41、did this passage most probably appear?These extracts（摘录）are probably taken from.例如：We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didnt even lift her eyes from the book.Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down.While I watched mouth open in surprise,Mum took off
42、 her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold.She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop.She pushed the mop past the desk.Mum just pushed harder,each swipe(拖一下)of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall.I watched until she was out of sight.Of course.I told h
43、er about the hospital rules,and she will not expect us until tomorrow.After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?A.It is a childrens hospital.B.It has strict rules about visiting hours.C.The conditions there arent very good.D.The nurses and doctors there dont work hard.答案：答案：B。本文主要
44、叙述。本文主要叙述Mum巧妙地骗巧妙地骗过护士在非探视时间看望女儿过护士在非探视时间看望女儿Dagmar的经过，说明医院有严格的探视制度。的经过，说明医院有严格的探视制度。本题的推论必须与文章主题相联系。本题的推论必须与文章主题相联系。（二）完形填空的考查方式（二）完形填空的考查方式 运用复现运用复现原词复现。原词复现。上下文中同一概念重复出现。同义词、近义词复现。同义词、近义词复现。借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文语义得以连接起来。同源词复现。同源词复现。同一词根，通过前缀、后缀、合成和转化等方式构成同源词。上下义词复现。上下义词复现。上义词具有概括性，下义词具有分述作用
45、。概念复现。概念复现。同一概念在上下文中以不同的词语出现。评述性复现。评述性复现。用一种表达方式对另一种表达方法进行解释或说明。反义复现。反义复现。通过反义词或对比使文章前后衔接照应。利用联想利用联想利用话题联想。利用话题联想。就某一话题而言，有许多信息和表达方式与之同现，形成一个个词汇链。利用因果关系联想。利用因果关系联想。利用结构联想。利用结构联想。通过关键词进行固定结构联想。借助语言标志。借助语言标志。借助转承语。借助转承语。借助并列连词。借助并列连词。二二突破写作误区突破写作误区巧做书面表达巧做书面表达（一）认识失分原因（一）认识失分原因1审题不仔细，遗漏要点。审题不仔细，遗漏要点。例
46、如：例如：2000年全国卷（目击交通事故）年全国卷（目击交通事故）目击报告目击报告:It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8,2000.I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road.The next
47、moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road.He fell with a cry.The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west.I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864.About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital
48、.Li Hua 2过渡不自然，单纯翻译。过渡不自然，单纯翻译。例如：叙述国庆节去北京动物园的情况。有位学生写道：Today is National Day.Li Ming and I went to Beijing Zoo.We took the No.15 bus.We got there ten minutes later.There were many people in the zoo.Most of them were children.In the zoo,we saw elephants.We saw bears.We saw lions.At 12 oclock,we went
49、 back home.We had a wonderful day today.We felt tired.We felt happy.这位学生把该表达的内容都写出来了，而且没有句子结构方面的错误，但是，他写的不是一篇短文，而是孤零零的孤零零的句子句子。有效地运用连接词，可使上下文连贯流畅。有效地运用连接词，可使上下文连贯流畅。Today is National Day.Li Ming and I went to Beijing Zoo.We took the No.15 bus and ten minutes later we got there.There were many people
50、 in the zoo,most of whom were children.In the zoo,we saw many kinds of animals,such as elephants,bears and lions.At 12 oclock,we went back home.What a wonderful day we had today.Although we were tired，we felt very happy.3.逻辑不恰当，有悖常理。逻辑不恰当，有悖常理。结尾：结尾：It is very clear that the pollution has harmed not
