1、题型二七选五题型二七选五【第三部分 高考题型突破】高考帮备考方向导航析考情 题型突破链高考 真题探究考法帮解题能力提升考法1 考查篇章结构考法2 考查上下文的逻辑关系考法3 考查行文的连贯性考法4 考查段落主旨 考情解读 卷别 主题语境语境内容语篇类型 词数考点分布细节句 过渡句 主旨句全国 2020人与自我认识自我学会如何接受自己说明文2402212019人与自然人与环境新鲜空气对健康的作用说明文2472122018人与社会艺术文化颜色在家居设计中的作用说明文249311 卷别 主题语境语境内容语篇类型 词数考点分布细节句 过渡句 主旨句全国 2020人与社会社会生活在工作交流中使用表情符号
2、的好处说明文1993112019人与自我认识自我如何保持动力来实现目标说明文2652212018人与社会体育锻炼晨练给人们带来的好处说明文211212 卷别 主题语境语境内容语篇类型词数考点分布细节句过渡句 主旨句全国 2020人与社会文化习俗乔迁聚会的定义、习俗以及来源说明文2432122019人与社会人际沟通网络课上与教授交流的注意事项说明文2002212018人与社会艺术文化舞蹈的力量和价值说明文188311命题分析预测1.题材以说明文为主,语篇模式较为固定,即Introduction(引出话题)Body(对该话题从不同方面展开说明)Summary/Conclusion(结尾总结)。文章
3、选材与考生的日常学习、生活密切相关。2.命题形式包括阐释句、细节支撑句、衔接过渡句、主旨概括句等,主要考查篇章结构、行文逻辑、段落主旨和上下文的过渡衔接。聚焦核心素养 七选五主要围绕考生的语言能力、思维品质和阅读素养进行考查,考查考生从宏观角度整体把握语篇、深入理解文意的能力,侧重对思辨能力的考查。析考情 题型突破链高考 真题探究高考帮备考方向导航 析考情 题型突破一 考情概况 该题型要求从短文后给出的七个选项(多数为完整的句子)中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项,主要考查考生对文章的整体理解以及对语篇结构和行文逻辑的把握。选材通常以说明文为主,间或出现记叙文和议论文。所选短文的词数约300(选
4、项词数为4090)。空处可能在段首、段中或段末,也可能是段落标题。近几年,高考试题逐渐减少了对段落标题的考查,使得试题的难度有所增加。但总的来说,试题难度适中,稳中有变,突出考查考生的逻辑思维能力。研究近几年试题可知,七选五要求考生不仅要具备语篇和词汇知识,还要具备分析、归纳等能力。试题中主旨句一般考查12个,细节句13个,衔接过渡句12个。所选材料话题新颖,贴近考生生活,具有浓厚的时代气息。二 命题特点设空类型一般可分为细节句(上下文逻辑意义)、衔接过渡句(文章结构)和主旨概括句(主题句、段落标题)三类:1.细节句通常出现在段中,考查的是段落内部句子之间,特别是前后句之间的逻辑关系。2.衔接
5、过渡句通常出现在首段的结尾或段落中间。3.主旨概括句的设空位置一般在段首,对段落主题句进行考查。有时也会考查文章主旨句,文章主旨句往往概括了全文的大意。三 解题步骤1.通读全文,掌握大意,初识庐山真面目 在阅读过程中,要注意文章的首段与末段,尤其是文章的首段末句及末段末句,因为开门见山与结尾总结的写作方式较为常见。首段的末句通常是主题句,引出本文将探讨的内容,并简要点明文章的写作思路。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义,如果它是文章的主题句,就能让读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开,并对文章的写作主题有整体的了解。如果首段的末句不是主题句,则要继续寻找。这时,我们可以考虑文章的写作方式可
6、能是结尾总结式,如两者均可排除,则可以在文章其他段落中寻找主题句,但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。2.详读段落,敲定关键词,把握段落主旨 文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会围绕整篇文章的写作主题来展开,对文章主题进行不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词,明确其描述内容,为解答段落主旨类试题做好铺垫。3.利用写作线索,分析上下文语境,敲定选项 在定位选项时,要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选的选项放入空格处,看看是否与上下文构成语意及逻辑上的直接关系,是否符合该处语境,能否承接前后的写作线索,使文章无论在内容还是衔接上都能通顺。一篇文章作为一个整
7、体,是有其写作的线索与思路的。文章的写作线索与思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体,因此在定位选项时,尤其要注意文章的写作线索与思路。如果放入选项后,发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾,应更换其他选项。4.代入已敲定选项,通读复检,确定答案 在完成选项定位后,应通读全文,检查文章内容是否完整,语意是否连贯、合理,各段落内容是否紧扣主题,语篇结构是否连贯、是否具有一致性并合乎逻辑,写作思路是否清晰明了,格式以及用语是否恰当贴切,从而判断选择的选项是否正确。同时,考生还应对相近选项进行对比分析,个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近而具有很强的干扰性,这时考生应认真分析、仔细甄
8、别、排除干扰,从而选出正确答案。Passage 12020全国高考真题 A Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceWe all want it.to accept and love ourselves.But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach.36 Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough
9、.Why do you follow them?Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better 析考情题型突破 链高考 真题探究than theirs?Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.We are often ashamed of our shortcomings,our mist
10、akes and our failures.38 You will make mistakes,time and time again.Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better,why not offer yourself a compassionate(有同情心)response?That didnt go as planned.But,I tried my best.Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin to
11、train your brain to look at strength before weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job,earned your degree,and you got out of bed today.39 Now that youve listed your strengths,list your imperfections.Turn the page in your journal.Put into words why you feel unworthy,why
12、 you dont feel good enough.Now,read these words back to yourself.40 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements.See how awesome you are?A.Feeling upset again?B.Where do you start?C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.D.Remember,you are only human.E.Set an intention for se
13、lf-acceptance.F.Stop comparing yourself with others.G.When does the comparison game start?命题分析 素养解读本文主要介绍了学会自我接纳的四个建议,倡导自尊自信、乐观向上的人生态度,有助于考生认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我,成为全面发展的具有高素质的公民。试题分析挖空设置既有过渡句、主旨句,又有细节句,设计合理,分布均匀。选项设置没有半句。庖丁解牛 重难词汇empower vt.增加(某人的)自主权;授权 imperfection n.缺点;瑕疵 词块积累a handful of少数,几个 be ashame
14、d of 因感到羞愧time and time again 一再,总是 get caught up in陷入;被卷入as planned按照计划 难句突破句式分析:句中含有rather than(而不是)短语,介词in之后是how引导的宾语从句。句意:与其纠结于你本可以怎样做得更好,为什么不给自己一个富有同情心的回应呢?解题思路36.B考查过渡句。由空前内容可知我们都想接受并爱自己,但有时似乎太困难,太遥不可及。空后一句Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction表示下文是介绍了一些方法,由此可知,B项你从哪里
15、开始呢是对前句提出问题,并过渡到下文提供四个解决问题的办法,符合逻辑。37.F考查主旨句。作者在本段提出不要效仿他人,因为your life is better than theirs your life is your own;you are the only you in this world,由此可知,F项(停止与他人作比较)符合语境。38.D考查细节句。由本段第一句可知,本段讲的是原谅自己所犯的错。由空后一句你会一次又一次地犯错可知,空处应是为犯错误作出的解释,故D项(记住,你只是人)符合语境。39.C考查细节句。本段主要讲要认识到自己的优点并列举出自己的成就。由空前一句You hav
16、e a job,earned your degree,and you got out of bed today可知,再小的事也应庆祝,C项中的small和 celebrate分别对应空前的got out of bed today和accomplishments and achievements。故选 C。40.A考查过渡句。根据空前的list your imperfections read these words back to yourself,再结合空后内容可知,阅读描写自己缺点的词会使自己感到沮丧,故A项符合语境。Passage 22019全国高考真题 Is Fresh Air Real
17、ly Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to go out and get some fresh air.36 According to recent studies,the answer is a big YES,if the air quality in your camping area is good.37 If the air youre breathing is clean which it would be if youre away from the smog of cities then the air is
18、 filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈).38 In these places patie
19、nts can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green,growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pressure,and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster ra
20、te than patients who see buildings or sky instead.39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.40 While the suns rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.To make sure you get enough Vitamin D but still protect your skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes suns
21、creen about fifteen minutes to start working,and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D.A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.B.So what are you waiting for?C.Being in nature refreshes us.D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E.But is fresh air really as good
22、for you as your mother always said?F.Just as importantly,we tend to associate fresh air with health care.G.All across the country,recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.命题分析 素养解读本文介绍了呼吸新鲜空气,接近大自然有益身心健康,将健康观念和意识传递给考生,引导考生健康生活。该语篇结构性较强,主要考查考生分析和把握语篇上下文逻辑关系和意义的能力,很好地考查了考生的语言能力和思维品质。试题新变化选
23、项设置没有沿袭2018年全国三个半句+四个整句的模式,而是回归七个整句的设题模式,打破了人们的猜题定式。庖丁解牛 熟词生义age 常见义:n.年龄;时代 本文义:v.使变老 词块积累turn out结果是,证明是 put sb.into a better mood使某人的情绪好转 难句突破句式分析:句首为If引导的条件状语从句,第二个if引导的从句在which引导的定语从句中作条件状语。主句为then the air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen。句意:如果你远离城市的雾霾,你呼吸的空气就会是清新的,空气里满是赋予生命的、使人充满活力
24、的氧气。解题思路36.E考查过渡句。上句提到人们告诉我们出去呼吸一些新鲜空气,下句中的关键信息the answer is a big YES是对某个问题作出的回答,由此可判断空处应是一个一般疑问句,故E项But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?符合语境。37.A考查主旨句。通读此段可知,呼吸清新的室外空气使身体受益。因此A项新鲜空气清洁我们的肺符合语境。38.G考查细节句。上句提到人们已经开始研究自然界和治愈之间的联系,G项在全国范围内,康复中心已经开始建设康复花园是对上句的延伸,且下句中的these
25、 places指代的就是G项中的Healing Gardens。我们可以根据意义和词语指代这两个方面来解此题。39.C考查细节句。前文提到Greenery is good for us,C项解释了绿色植物对人有益,且与下句It gives us a great feeling of peace在意思上衔接。40.D考查主旨句。本段陈述了阳光对人体的好处,因此段落主题句应为D项呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是阳光。考法1 考查篇章结构考法2 考查上下文的逻辑关系考法3 考查行文的连贯性考法4 考查段落主旨考法帮解题能力提升命题透视 近年的高考命题已经由知识立意能力立意转向素养立意。高考不仅考查考生
26、的语言能力,而且考查考生的交际素养、学习能力和思辨能力。把握篇章结构和整体理解语篇是抓住文章主旨大意的重要方法,因此命题人把考查考生对篇章结构的把握能力作为重要的命题方向。方法点拨 不同的英语文体有着不同的语篇结构、写作目的和语言特点。掌握各种英语文体的篇章结构特点是解题的常用方法。高考阅读理解七选五通常为说明文,其常见篇章结构有总分和总分总两种形式。无论哪种形式,一般第一部分为导语段,旨在把读者的注意力 考法1 考查篇章结构引到即将讨论的话题上,第一段通常含有主题句,暗示下文的内容;第二部分作者从不同方面对某个问题展开论述;第三部分是结论段,针对前文的内容进行总结,或得出结论。在解题过程中,
27、考生如果认真阅读短文,把握篇章结构,找到段落之间的关系,就能锁定解题的关键线索,从而顺利选出答案。1 2018全国Color is fundamental in home design something youll always have in every room.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in.Do you want a room thats full of life?Professional?Or
28、 are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?36,color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.37,they can get a little complex.But good news is that the
29、rere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.38.Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your wall
30、s and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables or bookshelves.39.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a
31、 more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.40.A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If
32、 youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two majo
33、r ways解析 38.从空处所在位置可以看出,空处为段落主题句。分析本文的篇章结构可知,本文为总分结构。前两段为总述,第一段引出本文话题房屋装饰中颜色的作用,第二段最后一句是主题句,引出下文关于对三种颜色的使用的说明。基于对本文篇章结构的把握,再结合第四段开头Medium color choices和第五段开头The large color decisions,我们可以推断出,第三段应是说明小件物品颜色的选择(small color choices)。由此可知,第38题应选D。答案 BADGF命题透视 阅读理解七选五的命题点除了关注语篇层面,还重点关注段内层次,即句际关系,这些句际关系是语意
34、连贯不可或缺的逻辑关系。上下文的逻辑关系是历年阅读理解七选五试题的必考点,也是广大考生掌握不好、容易丢分的地方,因此应认真对待。方法点拨 一般来说,英语文章的逻辑性非常强。逻辑连接词在文中起着辅助篇章衔接与连贯的重要作用,能表明句子之间、段落之间逻辑关系的衔接性词语有以下几种:因果关系:so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,as a result等。考法2 考查上下文的逻辑关系条件关系:as/so long as,on condition that,if,unless等。并列关系:and,or,also,as well as,both
35、.and.等。顺序关系:first(ly),second(ly),third(ly).;first,next,then.;in the first place,in the second place.等。转折关系:however,nevertheless,still,though,yet,otherwise等。对比关系:on the contrary,by contrast,in/by comparison,conversely等。层递关系:also,further,furthermore,even,besides,moreover,in addition,whats more等。列举关系:f
36、or example,for instance等。考生在解题过程中抓住这些逻辑关系线索词,就能掌握解题的关键线索,从而顺利选出答案。2 (文本见典例1)解析 36.空前的Do you want a room thats full of life?Professional?Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?提出了三种不同的房间风格,空处应是对上文问题作出回应,B项Whatever youre looking for符合语境,且本句与空后的内容构成让步关系,句意为无论你想要什么风格,要把房间装成你想要的样子,
37、颜色都是关键所在。故选B。命题透视 随着英语学科核心素养在教学中的逐步落实,高考试题逐步加大对考生思维品质的考查力度。对阅读理解七选五试题来说,主要考查语篇的衔接和连贯性,命题人通常从语法角度(如替代)、词汇角度(如复现)、语篇的语义关联角度等进行命题。方法点拨 为了使行文连贯和流畅,作者通常使用不同的衔接手段,例如:词汇衔接、逻辑衔接和结构衔接。一般来说,阅读理解七选五中的正确选项与文中空白处的前后句存在着词汇的复现关系,它们之间的语义衔接关系表现为词汇复现、上下义词、并列句和对比句等。解题时,我们应从关注语言的连贯性、词汇衔接和结构衔接入手,从而找到突破口。考法3 考查行文的连贯性 3 2
38、020 浙江I experienced years of loneliness as a child.31 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood,I had to spend hours by myself.A bright spot for me turned out to be reading.My love of the writte
39、n word began early as my mother read to me every evening.32 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books.I quickly graduated from typical childrens books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters.Reading opened n
40、ew worlds to me.33 My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted.I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me.When my mother saw my creations,she told me how creative my designs were.34 I learned a lot about h
41、ow to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful.It was a trait(特点)others found helpful,and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.35 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside,no matter the weather or season.My brother,of cours
42、e,raced off to be with his friends,while I had plenty to do myself.There was making leaf houses in autumn,ice skating in winter,and so much more.Theyre all memories I treasure today.A.I wasnt alone any longer.B.I enjoyed reading stories aloud.C.I was invited to play with another kid.D.I loved the co
43、lorful photographs in the books.E.Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.F.Thus,I began my lifelong interest in making things.G.My older brother couldnt be bothered to play with me.解析 31.结合空前的years of loneliness和空后的His friends teased him about babysitting his sister可知,我哥哥不愿意跟我玩,故选G项。方法总结 代词
44、线索法代词可以指代前面提及的名词或起名词作用的词、短语、句子,在英语表达中出现的频率极高。巧妙利用代词的指代关系和代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。如上面第31题,根据空格后一句中的代词His可推断出,空格处应出现其指代的名词,故考生可将该空答案锁定在C项(another kid)和G项(My older brother)之间,再根据空格前后的语境可知,此处讲的是我小时候哥哥不愿意跟我玩,从而确定答案。35.结合下文的to spend time outside及本段内容可知,该段主要讲述了我的另一个习惯待在户外,故选E项。方法总结词语复现法复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段,即
45、作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述,从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词语复现主要包括同义复现、近义复现、反义复现等。如上面第35题,空处为段落的主旨句,该段讲述了作者的另一个习惯,E项中的being outdoors与下文的to spend time outside为近义表达,属于近义复现。答案 GDAFE命题透视 阅读理解七选五试题一向非常重视对段落主旨大意的考查。虽然近年来高考试题语篇的显性结构与内容信息有所减少,但段落主旨大意题仍是主要考点之一。试题通过考查段落主旨从而考查考生的概括能力。方法点拨 段落主旨句通常言简意赅,能够高度概括某段的大意,且常位于段首或段尾,有时是段落的标题。考生应快速阅读整个段落,把握大意,选择能够体现整段主要意思的选项,最后还要带入原文检验是否与整篇文章的结构及大意相符。考法4 考查段落主旨
