1、英语高考专题英语高考专题复习复习1.看不出句子有错，感觉越读越对。看不出句子有错，感觉越读越对。2.看得出句子错误看得出句子错误,但无法改正。但无法改正。Whats the main trouble when Whats the main trouble when correcting a composition?correcting a composition?考纲解读考纲解读 高考短文改错是知识和能力的综高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词、词、句、篇和语法句、篇和语法的综合水平。
2、高考短的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等，等，是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。的测试题型。命题分析命题分析 从近几年的高考短文改错题看，从近几年的高考短文改错题看，试题具有下面的特点：试题具有下面的特点：1 1选材选材 短文改错的文体多为短文改错的文体多为第一第一/三人称记三人称记叙文、应用文叙文、应用文(以书信为主以书信为主)。一般在。一
3、般在110110词左右。所选取的语言材料贴近实词左右。所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教育意义。文字浅显易懂，材料中没有育意义。文字浅显易懂，材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简单，生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简单，基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。命题分析命题分析 2 2考点考点 短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广，分布合短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广，分布合理。其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等角
4、理。其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有无同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有无错词、错词、缺词和多词缺词和多词。错词现象错词现象主要出现在名词单复主要出现在名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、主谓一致、代词、词形主谓一致、代词、词形(指应该用动词、名词指应该用动词、名词还是形容词形式，以及平行结构中词的正确还是形容词形式，以及平行结构中词的正确形式形式)、冠词；、冠词；缺词现象缺词现象主要出现在冠词主要出现在冠词(名名词前词前)、介词、介词(不
5、及物动词后或固定结构中不及物动词后或固定结构中)、助动词、不定式符号助动词、不定式符号toto、连词、语义不完整、连词、语义不完整现象等方面；现象等方面；多词现象多词现象主要出现在冠词、介主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。方面。作为一个与时俱进的新题型，作为一个与时俱进的新题型，新课标试卷中的短文改错是考生失新课标试卷中的短文改错是考生失分较多的题型。分较多的题型。原因有两个方面原因有两个方面：一是错误的不确定性一是错误的不确定性。这主要是因。这主要是因为和传统的短文改错相比，新课标为和传统的短文改错相比，新课标短文改错每行可能
6、有两个错误。短文改错每行可能有两个错误。二二是因为设错的内容多为考生在平常是因为设错的内容多为考生在平常进行语言操练时常犯的错误。进行语言操练时常犯的错误。比如：比如：写作中用到的关键词，语言学习中写作中用到的关键词，语言学习中的负迁移现象，容易忽视的虚词、的负迁移现象，容易忽视的虚词、小品词等。做好短文改错题应注重小品词等。做好短文改错题应注重以下技巧：以下技巧：1 1“规范性规范性”原则：原则：要严格按照示要严格按照示范规定的符号改错。要记住范规定的符号改错。要记住“”、“”、“”分别表示分别表示错词纠正、错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说。切忌用文字说明或用箭头
7、表示。明或用箭头表示。2 2“四不改四不改”原则：原则：单词拼写单词拼写不改；不改；大小写不改；大小写不改；词序错误不词序错误不改改(应从错词或少词方面考虑应从错词或少词方面考虑)；标标点符号不改。点符号不改。3 3“五改动五改动”原则：原则：忠实于原忠实于原文原则文原则(不可改变原文的原意不可改变原文的原意)；一一对一原则对一原则(一错一词一错一词)；错误以改动错误以改动最少为原则；最少为原则；虚词以添加或者删除虚词以添加或者删除为原则；为原则；实词以改变形式为原则。实词以改变形式为原则。应试原则1.1.改变形式以改变形式以“实词实词”居多居多2.2.添删以添删以“虚词虚词”居多居多3.3.
8、多多“改正改正”少少“添删添删”4.4.改后要保持原意不变改后要保持原意不变5.5.小心局部通顺陷阱小心局部通顺陷阱1通读全文，掌握大意。通读全文，掌握大意。短文改错不同于单句改错，它涉及行文逻辑及短文改错不同于单句改错，它涉及行文逻辑及句子与句子间必要的联系错误。单独看可能是对的，句子与句子间必要的联系错误。单独看可能是对的，但从整体看却有可能上下文不符。做短文改错时应但从整体看却有可能上下文不符。做短文改错时应该树立整体意识，应从短文整体入手。短文改错实该树立整体意识，应从短文整体入手。短文改错实际上间接地考查学生的文意理解和纠错能力，所以际上间接地考查学生的文意理解和纠错能力，所以考生必
9、须在阅读并且在理解了文章的基础上去发现考生必须在阅读并且在理解了文章的基础上去发现并改正错误。因此，事先应该快速粗读一遍短文，并改正错误。因此，事先应该快速粗读一遍短文，留心文中关键的词句，把握文章的大意及上下文之留心文中关键的词句，把握文章的大意及上下文之间的联系，为下一步判断和改错奠定基础。间的联系，为下一步判断和改错奠定基础。2整句理解，逐行分析。整句理解，逐行分析。考生在进行改错时必须在通读全文的基础上，对考生在进行改错时必须在通读全文的基础上，对照上下文逐行逐字细读，分行判断，理清句意，照上下文逐行逐字细读，分行判断，理清句意，找出上下文之间的内在联系及其行文逻辑关系，找出上下文之间
10、的内在联系及其行文逻辑关系，检查句子的结构是否完整。总之，在分析句子过检查句子的结构是否完整。总之，在分析句子过程中，考生应对每句话的句子成分进行分析，根程中，考生应对每句话的句子成分进行分析，根据上文讲的错误类型确定主谓是否一致、动宾结据上文讲的错误类型确定主谓是否一致、动宾结构搭配是否合理、时态语态是否正确、非谓语动构搭配是否合理、时态语态是否正确、非谓语动词的形式是否正确、是否多词或少词、句子与句词的形式是否正确、是否多词或少词、句子与句子之间的逻辑关系是否正确以及上下文的意思是子之间的逻辑关系是否正确以及上下文的意思是否连贯。否连贯。3复读全文，检查核对。复读全文，检查核对。回头重读全
11、文验证答案，将初步改错的回头重读全文验证答案，将初步改错的短文再次细读。在复读检查过程中，短文再次细读。在复读检查过程中，既要重视文字、句子的字面意思，又既要重视文字、句子的字面意思，又要弄清文字段落的内在含义和内在逻要弄清文字段落的内在含义和内在逻辑关系及篇章结构。看错误类型的比辑关系及篇章结构。看错误类型的比例是否得当例是否得当(错词、缺词和多词比例一错词、缺词和多词比例一般为：般为：8 8：1 1：1 1或或7:2:1)7:2:1)、前后逻辑是否、前后逻辑是否一致、有无前后矛盾等现象。一致、有无前后矛盾等现象。When I was in high school,most of my fr
12、iend had bicycles.I hoped I could also have it.One day I saw a second-hand bicycle,that was only one hundred yuan.I asked my father the money.But he said he could only give me half of the money.He should find the other half myself.So I went to sell newspapers after the school.My father was pleasing
13、when I showed him the money a month after.He gives me the other fifty.You can imagine what much happy I was when I rode to school on my own bicycle.This passage is about_A.My life in the high school.B.My father bought a bike for me.C.How proud I could earn half of the money to buy my own bike in the
14、 high school.C When I was in high school,most of my friend had bicycles.I hoped I could also have it.One day I saw a second-hand bicycle,that was only one hundred yuan.I asked my father the money.friends名词数名词数one代词格代词格which句子成分句子成分for习惯用法习惯用法 But he said he could only give me half of the money.He sh
15、ould find the other half myself.So I went to sell newspapers after the school.My father was pleasing when I showed him the money a month after.I 逻辑错误逻辑错误冠词冠词形容词、副词形容词、副词pleasedlater习惯用法习惯用法 He gives me the other fifty.You can imagine what much happy I was when I rode to school on my own bicycle.gave
16、 动词形式动词形式how句子成分句子成分错误主要包括两类：时态和语态、主谓一致错误主要包括两类：时态和语态、主谓一致。Last winter vacation,some of my classmates decide to travel with their friends,while I chose to take a part-time job.(2008浙江卷浙江卷)Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.(2006安徽卷安徽卷)decidedwishes一、动词形式You can sit at the desk and read the da
17、ily newspapers,magazines and the other books,but you are not permit to take them out.(2006安徽卷)When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train,my father said，2012课标全国卷 permittedtore 考点剖析考点剖析 (1)(1)短文中短文中时态的使用前后不一致时态的使用前后不一致 .(2)(2)在特定语境条件下时态的误用在特定语境条件下时态的误用(如含有状语从句的复合句中，主如含有状语从句的复合句中，主句用将来时态，而从句中则用一句用将
18、来时态，而从句中则用一般现在时态般现在时态).).(3)(3)主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态的混用的混用(1)(1)通读全文，搞清文中动词时态通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律的主旋律 .(2)(2)结合语境，灵活运用时态形式结合语境，灵活运用时态形式 .(3)(3)认真推敲，准确把握主动与被认真推敲，准确把握主动与被 动动.解决方案名词单、复数形式名词单、复数形式Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class.（2006浙浙江卷）江卷）knowledgeIf you have interests in it,reply to me
19、soon.(2006福建卷)学生版：Most of the students in our class are now making rapid progressesIn summer,the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.(2006重庆卷)progressskyinterest 2012课标全国卷课标全国卷 From the time I was about four until I was about six,I destroyed each of my toy.toys 1.理清可数与不可数名词之间的区理清可数与不可数名词
20、之间的区别与联系别与联系 .2.2.记清一些用于固定词组中名词记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法的特殊用法 .3.3.结合语境认真分辨同义名词或结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义名词近义名词 .解决方法三、形容词和副词三、形容词和副词主要错误：1.形容词和副词混用；形容词和副词混用；2.2.级的错用级的错用修饰名词修饰名词，bebe动词，系动词要用形动词，系动词要用形容词容词修饰动词，形容词，整个句子用副修饰动词，形容词，整个句子用副词词比较级和最高级的使用比较级和最高级的使用 I got to the finishing line first.I won the race.I felt ver
21、y proudly of myself.We should work hardly to achieve our goals.She was usual patient with her students and never made them disappointed.usuallyproudhard 20122012陕西卷陕西卷 We lived in a We lived in a comfortably double room with a comfortably double room with a big bath.big bath.20122012重庆卷重庆卷 Whenever
22、I think of Whenever I think of the old days,I feel very happily.the old days,I feel very fortablecomfortablehappyhappy(1)形容词和副词的混用，是短文改错中常见的考点之一.(2)比较级和最高级的混用或误用.(3)比较级和最高级修饰语的误用以及近义词的误用.考点剖析 1.不定式不定式符号符号to的多余与遗漏的多余与遗漏2.现在分词与过去分词混用现在分词与过去分词混用2007宁夏卷宁夏卷：Li Ming came see me everyday.to四、非谓语动词(2008浙江卷)
23、It is one of the funniest things finding on the Internet so far this year.学生版：The big fire burned hundreds of houses,made hundreds of families homeless.makingfound I also shared for(with)my friends many photos taking in Beijing.Third,we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing,especially
24、 bath watertakenused 20122012全国卷全国卷 To begin with,To begin with,all of us can start reducing to the all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving onlyuse of oil by driving only(1)(1)纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词 所作的句子成分所作的句子成分.(2)(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能.(3)(3)前后联系，整体把握前后联系，整体把握 .解
25、决方法五五、代词代词格格I was only about six when he held his hand out to me.I took it in me and we walked.（2007全国）mine2007陕西：Just at that time I woke up and found me still in bed!2012课标全国卷 I was happy when the toys worked,but when things did(went)wrong,I got angry and broke it.myselfthem考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面
26、：1)代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误.2)“it”一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语).3)不定代词或反身代词的误用1.连词连词but，and，or和和so的用法错误的用法错误2.冠词冠词 a,an,the 误用或混用误用或混用I meant to write long letter and tell you all the things Im doing at school（2oo7全国全国II）a 六、冠词、连词六、冠词、连词 2012陕西卷陕西卷 It is in the downtown area,but it is easy to go to anywhere fr
27、om the hotel by public transport.so 主要考查习惯搭配的基础知识，其错误主要考查习惯搭配的基础知识，其错误主要有三种：主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。多词、少词和搭配错误。catch a sight of lose my heart in hurry in Sunday afternoon such many people in a shortaonso七、习惯用法七、习惯用法1.Be strict at sb2.Be responsible with sb/sth3.Be in business4.Have sth on common5.Have an e
28、ffect in sb6.Lose the heart7.Make a great progresswithforoninon1.The war was broke out2.The accident was happened3.Share sth for sb4.A pair of shoe5.A lot of equipments6.General speaking7.As soon as possiblywithequipmentgenerallypossibleshoes 2012陕西卷 It is such great hotel that I would recommend it
29、to any friend of me(mine)who is going to Beijing.2012全国卷“Thats it.No more toys to you.”My punishment lasted a year.afor解析方案解析方案:(1)平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆特别是一些固定搭配的记忆.(2)强化语法训练，分清连词，副词强化语法训练，分清连词，副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能和介词之间的区别和句法功能.(3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来起来.八、句子成分八、句子成分 不同的句子
30、成分要用不同的词类；不同不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。错误。2008年安徽卷:She looked at me and started to laugh.“How are you laughing?”I asked.Why2007天津卷：I was lucky enough to have a teacher which didnt take my bad grades as a judgment of my abilities,bu
31、t 2012课标全国卷 But before long they began to see which was happening.who/thatwhat九、逻辑错误九、逻辑错误 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴张冠李戴。2007浙江卷：Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down and hurt my foot.学生版：Although my bike is old,but it is in good condition.when 201
32、2全国卷 I think,we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water.because/as/since2012辽宁卷 In the end,we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.until/till考点剖析考点剖析:(1)并列连并列连but,and,or,so 等词的混等词的混用，常常出现在改错题中。用，常常出现在改错题中。(2)并列连词和从属连词的混用。并列连词和从属连词的混用。
33、(3)平行结构方面的错误。平行结构方面的错误。At Christmas Eve,Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree.They choose a big one.It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner of the sitting room.Jim was covered it with a lot of Christmas light.A sitting room looked really beautifully at the momen
34、t.There was a fire burning in the fire place,but the Christmas tree lights were shining brightly.Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily.At Christmas Eve,Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree.They choose a big one.It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner
35、of the sitting room.Jim was covered it with a lot of Christmas light.A sitting room looked really beautifully at the moment._On_chose_tall_it动词形式习惯用法习惯用法形容词/副词代词动词形式lights名词数The冠词beautiful形容词/副词There was a fire burning in the fire place,but the Christmas tree lights were shining brightly.Jim and his
36、parents singing and dancing happily.andwere动词形式动词形式连词连词/逻辑逻辑I was playing at my cousin house.Since his family was rich than mine,he had more toys than I did.There was one on particular Id always wanted.I put into my pocket when he wasnt looking.richerinit/that名词所有格名词所有格形容词形容词介词介词代词代词cousinsI guessed
37、,even at that age,I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or faced my cousin again;I would always know Id done something wrong.Late on,my aunt drove me home.非谓语非谓语face动词动词Later副词搭配副词搭配When she dropped me off,I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back.She knows what had happened,but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.副词副词slowlyknew动词动词副词副词neverPractice makes perfect.
