1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 4 Global warming . 阅读理解 A (2018 东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟试卷二 ) Ophelia and the Marvelous Boy by Karen Foxlee Type： Fantasy Storyline： When Ophelia moves to a strange city where it never stops snowing, she discovers a boy locked away for 75 years in a museum. She must help the boy before the
2、 Snow Queen freezes the world. Along the way, Ophelia learns how to believe in things she cannot see. Targeted readers： People who like fairy tales would enjoy this book. A Hundred Horses by Sarah Lean Type： Mystery Storyline： The wooden horse Nell brings along during her visits to her aunt and cous
3、ins is stolen by a girl named Angel. As Nell finds out Angels true identity， a bond grows between them and a group of 99 horses. Word has it that the 100th horse is magical.But where is it? Nell doesnt know， but Angel might know. Targeted readers： Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to fin
4、d this book exciting. How to Catch a Bogle by Catherine Jinks Type： Fantasy Storyline ： Birdie is an orphan who is good at trapping monsters with her singing voice. She is the only goblin (小妖精 ) hunter in the world.When kids go missing, its up to her to figure out why. Targeted readers： Anyone who i
5、s looking for monsters will take great pleasure in this book. I Even Funnier: A Middle School Story by James Patterson and Chris Grabenstein Type： Fiction Storyline ： After a car accident Jamie loses his family， and then he moves in with his aunt， uncle and his cousin Stevie, whose basic aim is to t
6、rick Jamie. But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals. He was recently honored the Funniest Kid Comic of New York State. Targeted readers： This book would be great for anyone who is fond of humorous books. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书籍，提供了每本书的名称 、作者、种类、故事情节和目标读者。 【难句分析】 The
7、wooden horse Nell brings along during her visits to her aunt and cousins is stolen by a girl named Angel. 分析：这是一个复合句。 The wooden horse 后是省略了关系代词 that 或 which 的定语从句，主句谓语 is stolen 是一般现在时的被动语态， named Angel 为过去分词短语作定语，修饰 girl。 译文： Nell 去拜访姨妈和表兄 妹期间带着自己的木马，它被一位叫 Angel 的女孩偷了。 【 精品教育资源文库 】 1. Which write
8、r tells a story about a girl saving a boy? A Karen Foxlee. B Sarah Lean. C Catherine Jinks. D James Patterson and Chris Grabenstein. 答案与解析： A 考查细节理解。根据文章对第一本书的简介，尤其是第二句 “She must help the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world” 可知，在冰雪女王冰冻世界之前 Ophelia必须帮助那个男孩逃离， Ophelia and the Marvelous Boy的作者是
9、 Karen Foxlee，故选 A。 2. Nature lovers may take interest in_ . A Ophelia and the Marvelous Boy B A Hundred Horses C How to Catch a Bogle D I Even, Funnier： A Middle School Story 答案与解析： B 考查细节理解。根据第二本书对目标读者的描述 “Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to find this book exciting” 可知，喜欢动物和自然的孩子一定会发现
10、这本书令人兴奋，故第二本书 A Hundred Horses 符合要求，即 B 项正确。 3. Who went through life challenges without losing heart? A Ophelia. B Nell. C Birdie. D Jamie. 答案与解析： D 考查细节理解。根据文章对第四本书的简介中 “But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals” 可知， Jamie 在失去父母寄居在亲戚家时依旧保持积极的态度，追求自己的梦想，故选 D 项。 4. In wh
11、ich section of a newspaper can we find such a passage? A Fashion. B Literature. C Business. D Local news. 答案与解析： B 考查推理判断。根据文章是对四本书的介绍可知，这篇文章可能来自报纸的文学版块，即 B 项正确。 A 项 “ 时尚 ” ， C 项 “ 商业 ” ， D 项 “ 当地新闻 ” ，都和文章介绍的书籍没有关系。 B (2017 南昌市 0607 项目第三次模拟 ) Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dang
12、erous type of air pollution, according to a new study published recently. In the first study of its kind， a team of international researchers looked at the damage caused by one of the pollutants that has the most severe impact on health: PM2.5. Particulate matter, or PM， is a type of air pollutant c
13、onsisting of small particles of different sizes. PM2.5 has a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers，about 30 times smaller than a human hair. These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system (呼吸系统 ), resulting in lung and systemic inflammation(炎症 ) and stress. The team found
14、 that something as simple as a daily vitamin B supplement could potentially reduce the impact of the tiny particles on the human body, although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small. For this study,10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and
15、given a placebo(安慰剂 ) to check their responses. The group then took another placebo for four weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto，where an estimated 1,000 cars pass every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an “oxygentype” face mask. The expe
16、riment was then repeated ，with each volunteer taking a B vitamin supplement daily made up of 2.5 mg of folic 【 精品教育资源文库 】 acid,50 mg of vitamin B6， and 1 mg of vitamin B12. B6 can be found in liver， chicken and nuts, and B12 in fish, meat, eggs, milk and some cereals. The researchers found that fou
17、r weeks of B vitamin supplements reduced the damage of PM2.5 exposure by 28% 76%. The results highlight how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight the harmful effects of PM2.5. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。吸入人体内的 PM2.5(细颗粒物 )会导致疾病。不过，研究发现维生素 B 在一定程度上能降低 PM2.5 的危害。 【难句分析】 The team found that som
18、ething as simple as a daily vitamin B supplement could potentially reduce the impact of the tiny particles on the human body, although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small. 分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句中 that 引导宾语从句；句中 although 引导让步状语从句，从句中 that 引导宾语从句。 译文：研究小组发现，像
19、每天补充维生素 B 这样简单的事情可能会减少细颗粒物对人体的影响， 尽管他们强调该项研究处于初级阶段且样本规模小。 背景知识： PM2.5(细颗粒物 )指环境空气中空气动力学当量直径小于或等于 2.5 微米的颗粒物。其在空气中浓度越高，就代表空气污染越严重。虽然 PM2.5 只是地球大气成分中含量很少的组成部分，但它对空气质量和能见度等有重要的影响。 PM2.5 粒径小，活性强，易附带有毒、有害物质 (例如，重金属、微生物等 )，且在大气中停留时间长、覆盖面积广，因而对人体健康和大气环境质量的影响更大。 5 Why is PM2.5 harmful to our health? A It po
20、llutes and poisons the air. B It is too much to be got rid of. C It carries viruses and diseases. D It is easily breathed in and damages our body. 答案与解析： D 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 “These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system(呼吸系统 )， resulting in lung and systemic inflammation(炎症
21、 )and stress” 可知， PM2.5(细颗粒物 )很小，能进入我们的呼吸系统，导致肺部和全身炎症。 6. What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A The process of the research was not scientific. B This kind of research has been done many times. C Further studies are needed to confirm their findings. D Vitamin B is hard to obtain in peoples daily lif
22、e. 答案与解析： C 考查推理判断。 根据第三段中的 “although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small” 可知，该项研究处于初级阶段且样本规模小，因此还需要更多的研究来证明研究团队的发现。 7. What is the text mainly about? A International researchers have a new finding. B Vitamin B could reduce the damage of PM2.5. C Particulate matter does great harm to our health. D Emission control and regulation are badly needed. 答案与解析： B 考查主旨大意。文章第一段和第二段谈到 PM2.5 的定义以 及 PM2.5 的危害；第三到五段告诉我们维生素
