1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Module 1 Life in the Future .阅读理解 阅读下面短文 ,从每题所给的 A、 B、 C 和 D 四个选项中 ,选出最佳选项。 Hollywoods theory that machines with evil( 邪恶的 )minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at a
2、chieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论 ), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose op eration we cannot effectively interfere(干预 ), we had better be quit
3、e sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introdu
4、ced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing an
5、yone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. The possibility of entering into and losing such a match
6、should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a fire
7、wall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be
8、dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to
9、think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest 【 精品教育资源文库 】 Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone w ho expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on Se
10、ptember 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导 ) nuclear chain reaction. 1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may . A.run out of human control B.satisfy humans real desires C.command armies of killer robots D.work faster than a mathematician 2.Machines
11、 with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to . A.prevent themselves from being destroyed B.achieve their original goals independently C.do anything successfully with given orders D.beat humans in international chess matches 3.According to some resear
12、chers, we can use firewalls to . A.help super intelligent machines work better B.be secure against evil human beings C.keep machines from being harmed D.avoid robots affecting the world 4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines? A.It will disappear with the dev
13、elopment of AI. B.It will get worse with human interference. C.It will be solved but with difficulty. D.It will stay for a decade. .七选五 根据短文内容 ,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2017 陕西南郑中学模拟 ) Life can be so difficult these days. It is the time that you all should admit needing help in organizing
14、 your lives. Here are some tips that will help you. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 Write everything down and do not rely on your memory. 1 If you want to remember things,put them in writing, or in a digital notebook.Keeping your to-do lists and other information written somewhere allows you to look back at them anyt
15、ime, ever when you have hit your head and forgotten your own name. 2 Try this experiment before buying one thing; throw out something old or something you do not use. Or,if you are a really pack rat, just throw out one old thing a day until you cannot find any more items to throw. Recycle and donate
16、. Is your closet full of unopened bags and clothes that still have their tags on? Is your bookshelf full of unread books? Chances are that if you have not read, worn, or used whatever they are, then you are probably not going to use them at all. 3 Create daily, weekly and monthly timetables for clea
17、ning. Organize your cleaning timetable. 4 Distribute tasks evenly, so for example, dish washing could be done daily; vacuuming could be done weekly and cleaning the windows could be done monthly. Whichever of these tasks you decide to do, remember that you cannot completely organize your life in one
18、 go. 5 Just decide to get organized now, and then take baby steps. Soon enough, you will be making a habit out of all. A.Practice putting things away immediately. B.Throw one thing before buying something. C.It is a long and never-ending process, so be patient. D.Give them to a charity or sell on th
19、e Internet. E.It is extremely exhausting to clean everything all at once. F.To keep up with tasks, you need to work with your family. G.We all agree most of us have a tough time remembering things. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. .完形填空 阅读下面短文 ,从短文后各题所给的 A、 B、 C 和 D 四 个选项中 ,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2017 山东枣庄现代学校 4 月质检 ) When
20、 our second child was born, the doctor pointed out that her feet were turned inward(向内 ). “Left uncorrected, it would be a 1 ,” he told us. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 We 2 to do anything we could to help our baby. 3 she was growing, I have to take her back to the doctor every two weeks to have each foot recast(重
21、塑 ). 4 the casting was finished and it was time for corrective 5 . Jim and I watched with hope and concern as she 6 to walk. Those first, awkward steps made us so 7 . By the time she entered preschool, her steps appeared quite 8 . Encouraged by her progress, we looked for something else to help stre
22、ngthen her 9 body. As it turned out, she loved the 10 ! When she turned six, we helped her join in skating lessons and soon she was skating 11 a swan. She kept working hard at every new 12 , and her efforts 13 . At fifteen, she competed in both pairs skating and the ladies singles at the 1988 World
23、Junior Championships in Australia, winning both 14 ! I thought back to the early years of 15 for Kristi the years of fear for us as her parents, and the same years of frustration for her as a child who 16 wanted to walk. During those years, we didnt expect gold medals or a good professional career 1
24、7 her. We admired Kristi herself, 18 her strength and efforts, and how far she had come on two tiny feet that had 19 been bound (束缚 ) in heavy casts. In our eyes, Kristi had always walked with the 20 of a true champion. 1.A.problem B.surprise C.gift D.success 2.A.forgot B.promised C.stopped D.refuse
25、d 3.A.So B.If C.Because D.But 4.A.Suddenly B.Immediately C.Especially D.Finally 5.A.shoes B.books C.bags D.hats 6.A.failed B.struggled C.pretended D.disliked 7.A.lucky B.upset C.proud D.helpless 8.A.hard B.special C.interested D.normal 9.A.weak B.strong C.new D.big 10.A.water B.ice C.fire D.air 11.A.for B.with C.like D.on 12.A.project B.side C.text D.movement 13.A.got off B.paid off C.put off D.showe
