1、动名词由动词加动名词由动词加ing词尾词尾构成，构成，动名词的否定结构动名词的否定结构:把把not放在放在doing前面。即前面。即not doing sth.not having done sth.。一、动名词的名词特征 动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。例如：Beating a child will do more harm than good 打孩子弊大于利。（作主语）Do you mind answering my question？你不介意回答我的问题吧？（作宾语）你不介意回答我的问题吧？（作宾语）To keep money that you h
2、ave found is stealing 把拾到的钱留起来是偷盗行为。（作表把拾到的钱留起来是偷盗行为。（作表语）语）No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room 阅览室里不许大声说话。（作定语）阅览室里不许大声说话。（作定语）1）作主语）作主语 Doing+v.+no use/no good/no fun Its+a shame +doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no+doing.动名词作主语动名词作主语,如：如：1）名词直接放在句首作主语。例如：名词直
3、接放在句首作主语。例如：Seeing is believing.Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries.用右手握手是许多国家的一种习俗。用右手握手是许多国家的一种习俗。2）动名词在动名词在“It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure 等等名词名词+doing”结构中作主语，结构中作主语，it为形式主语。为形式主语。例如：例如：It is no good writing to him;he never answers lette
4、rs.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。It is no use your complaining;the company wont do anything about it.抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。3）动名词在动名词在“It is useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile 等等形容词形容词+doing”结构中作主语。例结构中作主语。例如：如：It is good playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is useless speaking
5、.光说是没有用的。光说是没有用的。4）动名词在动名词在“There is(was)no+doing”结构中作主语。例如：结构中作主语。例如：There is no denying that she is very efficient.她效率高是不容否认的。她效率高是不容否认的。There is no telling what he is going to do.他要做什么一点消息都没有。他要做什么一点消息都没有。1.Its no good _ over split milk.A.to cry B.crying C.cried D.cry2.It is no use _ without thro
6、ugh _.A.to read;understood B.reading;understanding C.to read;understand D.read;to understand3._ provides us with essential nutrients(营养营养),while_provides us with oxygen.A.To eat;breathing B.Eating;to breathe C.Eating;breathing D.Eaten;breathed-What made him so happy?-_ theentranceexaminationBecause
7、of passing B.Because he passedC.Having been passed D.Having passed2.动名词作宾语动名词作宾语1）有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词有：常这样用的动词有：admit 承认承认；excuse 原谅原谅；postpone 拖延拖延；anticipate 期望；期望；fancy 想象想象 practise 练习；练习；appreciate 欣赏；欣赏；finish 完成；完成；prevent 防止；防止；avoid 避免；避免；forbid 禁禁止；止；propose 建议；建议；consi
8、der 考虑；考虑；forgive 宽恕；宽恕；recollect 回忆；回忆；delay 耽搁；耽搁；imagine 想象；想象；resent 厌恶；厌恶；deny 否认；否认；involve 涉及；涉及；resist 抵抵制；制；detest 厌恶；厌恶；keep 保留；保留；risk 冒险；冒险；dislike 讨厌；讨厌；mind 在意；在意；save 挽挽救；救；dread 害怕；害怕；miss 错过；错过；suggest 建议；建议；enjoy 喜欢；喜欢；pardon 原谅；原谅；escape 逃避；逃避；permit 允许允许常用口诀常用口诀 记住记住 避免错过避免错过(少少)
9、延期延期 avoid miss delay/postpone建议完成建议完成(多多)练习练习 suggest/advise finish practise喜欢想象喜欢想象 禁不住禁不住 enjoy/appreciate imagine resist/cant help承认承认 否定否定(与与)嫉妒嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脱逃脱 冒险冒险(莫莫)原谅原谅 escape/envy risk pardon/excuse忍受忍受 保持保持(不不)介意介意 stand keep/keep on /mind例如：例如：I recommend buying the dictionary.我建议
10、买这本词典。我建议买这本词典。I dont anticipate meeting any opposition.我估计不会遇到任何反对意见。我估计不会遇到任何反对意见。Will you admit having broken the window?你承认不承认打破了窗户？你承认不承认打破了窗户？作介词/短语动词的宾语:S.+v.+prep.+doing look forward to盼望着盼望着 be used to习惯于习惯于 put off推迟推迟 give up放弃放弃 S.+keep on +doing持续 succeed in成功做某事成功做某事 cant help禁不住禁不住 fe
11、el like喜欢喜欢 be busy忙于忙于Eg：（1）He put off making a decision till he had more information.在获得详情之前，他没有急于作出决定。在获得详情之前，他没有急于作出决定。（2）Do you feel like taking a walk?你要不要去散步？你要不要去散步？3）We are looking forward to coming to China.我们期待着来中国。我们期待着来中国。（4）We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.我们终于克服了所有的困难
12、。我们终于克服了所有的困难。4）在在“have difficulty(trouble,problem,a hard time,fun,a good time)(+in)+动名词动名词；be busy(in)+动名词；动名词；waste time(in)+动名词；动名词；lost time(in)+动名词；动名词；There is no point(in)+动名词动名词”等结构中，动名词做介词宾语，等结构中，动名词做介词宾语，in常要省去。常要省去。eg：(1)The children are busy doing their homework.孩子们忙于做作业。孩子们忙于做作业。(2)Ther
13、e is no point(in)making the simple experiments once again.再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。义的。What caused the party to be put off?_ the invitations.A.Tom delayed sendingB.Toms delayingsending C.Tom delaying to send D.Tom delayed to send I am busy _ for the entrance examination,so I cant help _ house
14、work at home.A.preparing;doingB.preparing;to do C.to prepare;doing D.to prepare;to do.He devoted his life to _the atomictheory.A.study B.be studied C.studying D.have studiedWhat worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.his not allowing B.his not being allowedC.his being allow
15、ed D.having not been allowed二、动名词可具有时态意义二、动名词可具有时态意义 动名词可以像动词那样表现时态意义，动名词可以像动词那样表现时态意义，有一般式（有一般式（doing）和完成式和完成式（having done）之分。动名词的时态意义是一之分。动名词的时态意义是一个相对的概念，从属于句中谓语动词。个相对的概念，从属于句中谓语动词。一般式表示动名词的动作与谓语动词的一般式表示动名词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，或表示一动作同时发生或在其后发生，或表示一般性动作，没有时间概念；完成式表示般性动作，没有时间概念；完成式表示动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作
16、之前发动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。例如：生。例如：She is proud of being beautiful她为自己的美丽而骄她为自己的美丽而骄傲。（同时）傲。（同时）I am thinking of going to the Industrial Exhibition this afternoon 我想下午去看工业展览。（在其后我想下午去看工业展览。（在其后我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。I apologize for not having kept my promise （之前发生）（之前发生）他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表扬。他因对国家做了这样大的贡
17、献而受到表扬。He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country（之前（之前发生）发生）三、动名词可具有语态意义三、动名词可具有语态意义 如果动名词与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系，即逻辑主语是接受动名词的动作，需用其被动形式（being done，having been done）。其否定形式是：not being done,not having been done例如：例如：他们无法忍受这样的待遇。他们无法忍受这样的待遇。They couldnt stand being treated like that（与其逻辑
18、主语（与其逻辑主语They构成被动关系，构成被动关系，比较：比较：They are treated like that）我听说他被选为那个队的教练。我听说他被选为那个队的教练。I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team（与其逻辑主语（与其逻辑主语his构成被动关系，比较：构成被动关系，比较：He was chosen to be the coach of the team)主动表被动主动表被动:deserve(值得）want (需要)need (需要)require (需要)Sth.+stand (经受)+doin
19、g be worth (值得)be+in need of(需要)e.g.The room wants cleaning.The method needs improving.This pair of shoes is past mending.The problem is in need of working out.The question is well worth discussing.need Sth.+require 还可以+to be done want 但 be worth (+while)只能 +doing#Sth.+be worthy of+n./being done Sth
20、.+be worthy +to do/to be doneEg:(1)The flowers in the garden want watering花园里的花需要浇水了。（比较The flowers in the garden want to be watered）(3)Thats one of those questions that really dont need answering那是一个那种真的不需回答的问题。（比较：The questions dont need to be answered）(4)His suggestion is worth considering.他的提议值得
21、考虑他的提议值得考虑His suggestion is worthy to be considered.3）allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带语补足语用带to的不定式。的不定式。我不允许他在此地游泳。I dont allow his swimming here.I dont allow him to swim here.Som
22、e foods are eaten without _.A.well absorbing（吸收（吸收 B.being well absorbed C.absorbing D.well absorbed.Articles(物品物品)used by patients must be disinfected(消毒消毒)before _ others.A.using B.being used by C.used by D.being using.He attended the party without _.A.invited B.inviting C.having invited D.being i
23、nvited.Bebecca was unhappy for _ the first chance to go abroad.A.not having been given B.not having given C.not giving D.having been given.By _,water can be changed into gas.A.heating B.being heated C.having heated D.heated6.The classroom wants _.A.clean B.cleaned C.to clean D.cleaning7.Though it so
24、unds a bit too dear(昂贵昂贵),it is worth _.A.being bought B.buying C.to buy D.buying it8.This X-ray machine needs_.A.repairing B.to repair C.repaired D.being repaired9.The officers narrowly escaped _ in the hot battle.A.have killed B.to kill C.to be killed D.being killed 10.Did you enjoy yourself last
25、night?Its very nice of you.I appreciated _ to the party.A.to be invited B.to have invited C.being invited D.having been invited11.While were developing agriculture and industry,we must prevent the earth _.A.from polluting B.polluted C.pollutingD.being pollutedDo you mind _ alone at home?A.Jane leavi
26、ng B.Jane having left C.Janes being left D.Jane to be leftHow about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A.To take B.take C.taking D.to be taking3）作表语:S.+be+doing His hobby is collecting stamps.My greatest happiness is serving the people.4）作定语:S.+v.+doing+n.e.g.Does he work in the reading-roo Our
27、teacher uses a very good teaching method.His grandfather has a bamboo walking stick.3.动名词复合结构：动名词复合结构：1).物主代词物主代词/名词所有格名词所有格+动名词动名词 在句中作主语在句中作主语:e.g.Marys coming late made her teacher angry.Do you mind my smoking?2).人称代词宾格人称代词宾格/名词名词+动名词动名词 在句中作宾语在句中作宾语 e.g.Im sure of him coming on time.He has never
28、 heard of a woman being a pilot.1.I was _ work last week,but I changed my mind.A.to start B.to have started C.to be starting D.to have been starting2.I intended _ the matter with you,but I had some guests hen.A.discuss B.discussing C.having discussed D.to have discussed3.Dont let me catch you _.A.do
29、 that again B.to do that again C.doing that again D.done that again 4.There are many kinds of metals _.A.each has its special properties B.one has its special properties C.each having its special properties D.having its special properties 5.Its pay-day,and theyre waiting _.A.for paying B.to be paid
30、C.to be paying D.to have paid 6._ trouble,Im going to forget the whole affair.A.Then rather cause B.Rather causing C.Rather than cause D.Rather than caused7.The brill iance of his satires was _ make even his victims laugh.A.so as to B.such as to C.so that D.such that8.Children with parents whose gui
31、dance is firm,consistent,and rational are inclined _ high levels of self-confidence.A.possess B.have possessed C.to possess D.possessing9.The worker is _ in repairing the machine to notice my coming.A.too busy B.enough busy C.busy too D.busy enough10.“What did you do in the garden?”“I watched my fat
32、her _ his motorbike.”A.to repair B.repaired C.repairing D.repairs四、动名词可带有自己的逻辑主语四、动名词可带有自己的逻辑主语 一般情况下，动名词的逻辑主语可泛指任何一般情况下，动名词的逻辑主语可泛指任何人或与句中主语一致。例如：人或与句中主语一致。例如：但出于句意表达的需要，动名词常常带有自但出于句意表达的需要，动名词常常带有自己的逻辑主语。动名词自己带的逻辑主语有己的逻辑主语。动名词自己带的逻辑主语有两种形式：两种形式：a）在动名词前加）在动名词前加“物主代词或物主代词或名词的所有格名词的所有格”；b）在动名词前加）在动名词前
33、加“名词名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格的普通格或人称代词的宾格”。两者的区别。两者的区别是：前者为正式语体，后者多用于非正式语是：前者为正式语体，后者多用于非正式语体，多见于口语和动名词位于句中时。因此，体，多见于口语和动名词位于句中时。因此，在书面文体中，尽量用前者，不用后者；但在书面文体中，尽量用前者，不用后者；但在口语中使用后者更为自然。在口语中使用后者更为自然。例如：例如：Do you mind my smoking in the room？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？I dont remember my mother complaining我不记得我母亲抱怨我不记得我母
34、亲抱怨过。过。I object to him making private calls on the office phone我反对他为私我反对他为私事使用办公室电话。事使用办公室电话。1._ ill worried my parents greatly.A.I fell B.Me falling C.My falling D.I falling2.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.（NET 1992）Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling其他情况1.go without saying表示不用说、毫无疑义表示不用说、毫无疑义或不成问题。或不成问题。It goes without saying that youre welcome to visit me at any time.还用得着说还用得着说,你什么时候来看我都欢迎。你什么时候来看我都欢迎。2).No+动名词动名词用于表示禁止或不准的简短命用于表示禁止或不准的简短命令或法规令或法规,其后不可接其后不可接受词受词。No parking!No smoking!禁止泊车禁止泊车!禁止吸烟禁止吸烟!
