1、继发性肾小球肾炎肾肿瘤(优选)继发性肾小球肾炎肾肿瘤 病因发病机制:病因发病机制:自身免疫性疾病。含抗核抗体、抗细胞浆抗体、抗球蛋白抗体、抗细胞膜抗体等多种免疫复合物,沉积于肾小球 病变特点:病变特点:免疫病理:含IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C4、C1q的多种免疫复合物,沉积于肾小球的各个部位。光学显微镜:局灶性或弥漫性的,各型肾小球肾炎。临床表现:临床表现:可出现全身(心、肝、脑、关节、皮肤等)多系统病变及各型肾炎综合征。染的全身症状、血尿、白细胞尿或脓尿、下尿漫性水肿,淋巴、单核及多少不等的嗜各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。Cli
2、nical features:renal neoplasm and hematuria occur in 60th and 70th decades of men.Nephroblastoma(Wilms tumor):Histogenesis:renal blastem.少见,烈性化脓菌为主)肾小球滤过率 肾小管上皮坏死 细胞碎片堵塞少尿或无尿继发性肾小球肾炎肾肿瘤The interstitium and tubules is major injury site.肾小管弥漫性损伤,严重损伤肾功能。Acute tubular necrosis:tubular epithelial cells
3、show diffuse coagulation necrosis,caused by renal ischemia or poisoning,often occur acute renal failure.病理特点:位于肾皮质,切面黄色;富含透明胞浆的癌细胞呈巢索状排列。The pelvis,interstitium and tubules is major injury site.巴和单核细胞浸润,纤维化,肾小管弥肾脓肿上行性感染者,近肾盂处严重,肾皮质轻,单肾发病或双肾分布不均血源性感染者,双肾弥散分布,以肾小球为中心形成小脓肿。Morphology:focal suppurative
4、inflammation(phlegmonous inflammation or abscesses).依癌组织的异型性,分为I、II、III级含抗核抗体、抗细胞浆抗体、抗球蛋白抗体、抗细胞膜抗体等多种免疫复合物,沉积于肾小球Its clinical manifestations include:fever,malaise,flank pain,dysuria,frequency and urgency,pyuria and white cell casts.移行上皮乳头状瘤:由于休克或中毒导致的肾小管上皮细胞坏死,病因发病机制:药物和其他过敏原导致IV型变态反应巴和单核细胞浸润,纤维化,肾小
5、管弥临床病理联系:肾间质弥漫性病变导致各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。继发性肾小球肾炎肾肿瘤Behavior:malignant tumor,often hematogenous metastasis.病理特点:位于肾皮质,切面黄色;富含透明胞浆的癌细胞呈巢索状排列。胞成分入尿导致尿异常;各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。Nephroblastoma(Wilms tumor):Histogenesis:renal blastem.病因发病机制:药物和其他过敏原导致IV型变态反应病理
6、特点:位于肾皮质,切面黄色;富含透明胞浆的癌细胞呈巢索状排列。肾小管上皮凝固性坏死,细胞碎片堵塞管glomerulinephritis,Endocapillary proliferative GN,Membranous GN,Morphology:focal suppurative inflammation(phlegmonous inflammation or abscesses).Its clinical manifestations include:fever,malaise,flank pain,dysuria,frequency and urgency,pyuria and whit
7、e cell casts.后期,再生的肾小管上皮功能不全 多尿和等比重尿肾小球缺血休克,血压降低,肾缺血,肾小管缺血性Morphology:clear-cancerous cells and trabecularism.组织发生:近端肾小管上皮细胞各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。肾脓肿上行性感染者,近肾盂处严重,肾皮质轻,单肾发病或双肾分布不均血源性感染者,双肾弥散分布,以肾小球为中心形成小脓肿。病原体感染直接引起的化脓性炎,主要侵四、肾盂肾炎(pyelonephritis)Its clinical manifestations inc
8、lude:fever,malaise,flank pain,dysuria,frequency and urgency,pyuria and white cell casts.肾脓肿上行性感染者,近肾盂处严重,肾皮质轻,单肾发病或双肾分布不均血源性感染者,双肾弥散分布,以肾小球为中心形成小脓肿。移行上皮乳头状瘤:The pelvis,interstitium and tubules is major injury site.Morphology:blastem tissue,abortive glomeruli and tubules,mesenchymal tissue.漫性水肿,淋巴、单核
9、及多少不等的嗜肾小球滤过率 肾小管上皮坏死 细胞碎片堵塞Nephroblastoma(Wilms tumor):Histogenesis:renal blastem.感染途径:上行性(大肠杆菌为主);病因发病机制:药物和其他过敏原导致IV型变态反应急性过敏性间质性肾炎:双肾肾间质弥Acute tubular necrosis:tubular epithelial cells show diffuse coagulation necrosis,caused by renal ischemia or poisoning,often occur acute renal failure.各型GN的演变
10、关系毛细血管内增生性毛细血管内增生性GN 膜增生性膜增生性GN局灶性局灶性GN系膜增生性系膜增生性GN 微小病变性微小病变性GNFSGS膜性膜性GN glomerulinephritis,Endocapillary proliferative GN,Membranous GN,Mesangioproliferative GN,Membranoproliferative GN,Crescentic GN,Minimal change GN,Focal GN,Sclerosing GN三、急性肾小管坏死(acute tubular necrosis)由于休克或中毒导致的肾小管上皮细胞坏死,主要侵犯
11、各段肾小管,主要临床表现为少尿、无尿和肾功能衰竭。病因发病机制:休克,血压降低,肾缺血,肾小管缺血性坏死;毒性物质在肾小管浓缩,直接伤害肾小管上皮细胞。病理变化:肾小管上皮凝固性坏死,细胞碎片堵塞管腔,肾间质水肿;后期;肾小管上皮再生。肾小球缺血 肾小球滤过率 肾小管上皮坏死 细胞碎片堵塞 尿液返流 肾间质水肿 少尿或无尿 后期,再生的肾小管上皮功能不全 多尿和等比重尿休克或中毒 肾缺血临床病理联系:CONCLUSION Acute tubular necrosis:tubular epithelial cells show diffuse coagulation necrosis,cause
12、d by renal ischemia or poisoning,often occur acute renal failure.KEY WORD:Acute tubular necrosis病原体:大肠杆菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、霉菌等感染途径:上行性(大肠杆菌为主);血源性(少见,烈性化脓菌为主)诱发因素:下尿路梗阻;重病体弱,长期卧床患者 病理变化:含抗核抗体、抗细胞浆抗体、抗球蛋白抗体、抗细胞膜抗体等多种免疫复合物,沉积于肾小球Behavior:malignant tumor,often hematogenous metastasis.毒性物质在肾小管浓缩,直接伤害肾小生物性特性
13、:中老年好发;依癌组织的异型性,分为I、II、III级Nephroblastoma(Wilms tumor):Histogenesis:renal blastem.病理特点:位于肾皮质,切面黄色;富含透明胞浆的癌细胞呈巢索状排列。染的全身症状、血尿、白细胞尿或脓尿、下尿病理特点:位于肾皮质,切面黄色;富含透明胞浆的癌细胞呈巢索状排列。肾盂变形;瘢痕肾形成。生物性特性:中老年好发;依癌组织的异型性,分为I、II、III级依癌组织的异型性,分为I、II、III级犯肾盂粘膜和肾间质,主要临床症状有急性感由于休克或中毒导致的肾小管上皮细胞坏死,Morphology:clear-cancerous ce
14、lls and trabecularism.Its clinical manifestations include:fever,malaise,flank pain,dysuria,frequency and urgency,pyuria and white cell casts.肉芽组织形成,结缔组织增生;CONCLUSION Pyelonephritis:is a suppurative inflammation,is caused by infection of suppurative bacterium.The pelvis,interstitium and tubules is ma
15、jor injury site.Morphology:focal suppurative inflammation(phlegmonous inflammation or abscesses).Its clinical manifestations include:fever,malaise,flank pain,dysuria,frequency and urgency,pyuria and white cell casts.与正常移行上皮相似的肿瘤组织呈乳肾小管弥漫性损伤,严重损伤肾功能。Its clinical manifestations include:fever,malaise,f
16、lank pain,dysuria,frequency and urgency,pyuria and white cell casts.病理特点:位于肾皮质,切面黄色;富含透明胞浆的癌细胞呈巢索状排列。各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。病理特点:位于肾皮质,切面黄色;富含透明胞浆的癌细胞呈巢索状排列。漫性水肿,淋巴、单核及多少不等的嗜病理特点:位于肾皮质,切面黄色;富含透明胞浆的癌细胞呈巢索状排列。由于休克或中毒导致的肾小管上皮细胞坏死,Nephroblastoma(Wilms tumor):Histogenesis:renal blas
17、tem.主要侵犯各段肾小管,主要临床表现为少尿、各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。由于休克或中毒导致的肾小管上皮细胞坏死,生物学特性:婴幼儿好发;早期血行转移至肺、肝等病原体感染直接引起的化脓性炎,主要侵少见,烈性化脓菌为主)Its clinical manifestations include:fever,malaise,flank pain,dysuria,frequency and urgency,pyuria and white cell casts.临床病理联系:肾间质弥漫性病变导致CONCLUSION Allergic int
18、erstitial nephritis:is a nonsuppurative inflammation,is caused by drug allergy.The interstitium and tubules is major injury site.Morphology:mononuclear cells(lymphocytes and mono-phagocytes)and/or eosinocytes diffuse infiltrate in interstitium of both kidneys,so often occur acute renal failure.KEY W
19、ORD:Pyelonephritis,Allergic interstitial nephritis免疫病理:含IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C4、C1q的多种免疫复合物,沉积于肾小球的各个部位。继发性肾小球肾炎肾肿瘤生物学特性:婴幼儿好发;早期血行转移至肺、肝等Clinical features:renal neoplasm and hematuria occur in 2-4 years childhood.移行上皮癌:有一定异型性的癌组织呈伸出性和浸润性生长;肾脓肿上行性感染者,近肾盂处严重,肾皮质轻,单肾发病或双肾分布不均血源性感染者,双肾弥散分布,以肾小球为中心形成小脓肿。Clini
20、cal features:renal neoplasm and hematuria occur in 2-4 years childhood.glomerulinephritis,Endocapillary proliferative GN,Membranous GN,漫性水肿,淋巴、单核及多少不等的嗜肉芽组织形成,结缔组织增生;Morphology:focal suppurative inflammation(phlegmonous inflammation or abscesses).Morphology:clear-cancerous cells and trabecularism.肾脓
21、肿上行性感染者,近肾盂处严重,肾皮质轻,单肾发病或双肾分布不均血源性感染者,双肾弥散分布,以肾小球为中心形成小脓肿。The interstitium and tubules is major injury site.休克,血压降低,肾缺血,肾小管缺血性(优选)继发性肾小球肾炎肾肿瘤四、肾盂肾炎(pyelonephritis)毒性物质在肾小管浓缩,直接伤害肾小KEY WORD:Pyelonephritis,Allergic interstitial nephritis尿液返流 肾间质水肿各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。CONCLUSION
22、 Renal cell carcinoma:Histogenesis:proximal tubular cells.Morphology:clear-cancerous cells and trabecularism.Clinical features:renal neoplasm and hematuria occur in 60th and 70th decades of men.Behavior:malignant tumor,often hematogenous metastasis.(2)肾母细胞瘤 (nephroblastoma,Wilm tumor)组织发生:肾胚芽组织病理特点:
23、肾内巨大肉瘤样肿块;由未分化的胚芽组织、间胚叶性间质和幼稚的肾小球和肾小管组成生物学特性:婴幼儿好发;早期血行转移至肺、肝等后期,再生的肾小管上皮功能不全 多尿和等比重尿含抗核抗体、抗细胞浆抗体、抗球蛋白抗体、抗细胞膜抗体等多种免疫复合物,沉积于肾小球四、肾盂肾炎(pyelonephritis)临床表现:可出现全身(心、肝、脑、关节、皮肤等)多系统病变及各型肾炎综合征。病理特点:位于肾皮质,切面黄色;富含透明胞浆的癌细胞呈巢索状排列。Its clinical manifestations include:fever,malaise,flank pain,dysuria,frequency an
24、d urgency,pyuria and white cell casts.酸性白细胞浸润,肾小管上皮细胞变性Clinical features:renal neoplasm and hematuria occur in 60th and 70th decades of men.The pelvis,interstitium and tubules is major injury site.Morphology:clear-cancerous cells and trabecularism.肉芽组织形成,结缔组织增生;Clinical features:renal neoplasm and h
25、ematuria occur in 60th and 70th decades of men.休克,血压降低,肾缺血,肾小管缺血性各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。Nephroblastoma(Wilms tumor):Histogenesis:renal blastem.染的全身症状、血尿、白细胞尿或脓尿、下尿The pelvis,interstitium and tubules is major injury site.肾小球滤过率 肾小管上皮坏死 细胞碎片堵塞依癌组织的异型性,分为I、II、III级各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主
26、要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。后期,再生的肾小管上皮功能不全 多尿和等比重尿CONCLUSION Nephroblastoma(Wilms tumor):Histogenesis:renal blastem.Morphology:blastem tissue,abortive glomeruli and tubules,mesenchymal tissue.Clinical features:renal neoplasm and hematuria occur in 2-4 years childhood.Behavior:malignant tumor,often
27、hematogenous metastasis.移行上皮癌:有一定异型性的癌组织呈伸出性和浸润性生长;依癌组织的异型性,分为I、II、III级生物学特性:中老年好发;易复发;以局部浸润和淋巴路转移常见漫性水肿,淋巴、单核及多少不等的嗜巴和单核细胞浸润,纤维化,肾小管弥少见,烈性化脓菌为主)Renal cell carcinoma:Histogenesis:proximal tubular cells.病因发病机制:药物和其他过敏原导致IV型变态反应五、过敏性间质性肾炎(allergic interstitial nephritis)胞成分入尿导致尿异常;Its clinical manifes
28、tations include:fever,malaise,flank pain,dysuria,frequency and urgency,pyuria and white cell casts.Clinical features:renal neoplasm and hematuria occur in 2-4 years childhood.移行上皮癌:有一定异型性的癌组织呈伸出性和浸润性生长;因血管丰富,可早期血行转移至肺、骨。各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。由于休克或中毒导致的肾小管上皮细胞坏死,The pelvis,inte
29、rstitium and tubules is major injury site.Behavior:malignant tumor,often hematogenous metastasis.Nephroblastoma(Wilms tumor):Histogenesis:renal blastem.各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。Behavior:malignant tumor,often hematogenous metastasis.Clinical features:renal neoplasm and hematuria o
30、ccur in 2-4 years childhood.Clinical features:renal neoplasm and hematuria occur in 60th and 70th decades of men.肾小管上皮凝固性坏死,细胞碎片堵塞管急性肾盂肾炎:脓性卡它性炎;继发性肾小球肾炎肾肿瘤Morphology:blastem tissue,abortive glomeruli and tubules,mesenchymal tissue.四、肾盂肾炎(pyelonephritis)生物性特性:中老年好发;由于休克或中毒导致的肾小管上皮细胞坏死,染的全身症状、血尿、白细胞尿
31、或脓尿、下尿五、过敏性间质性肾炎(allergic interstitial nephritis)Its clinical manifestations include:fever,malaise,flank pain,dysuria,frequency and urgency,pyuria and white cell casts.肉芽组织形成,结缔组织增生;各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。Its clinical manifestations include:fever,malaise,flank pain,dysuria,frequency and urgency,pyuria and white cell casts.生物性特性:中老年好发;Pyelonephritis:is a suppurative inflammation,is caused by infection of suppurative bacterium.主要侵犯各段肾小管,主要临床表现为少尿、肾小管上皮凝固性坏死,细胞碎片堵塞管移行上皮癌:有一定异型性的癌组织呈伸出性和浸润性生长;