1、写作写作 -基于结构、内容和基于结构、内容和语言的视角语言的视角 1.培养应用文写作逻辑思维。2.熟悉应用文篇章结构特点。3.牢记应用文语言表达特点。4.精选写作题材与范文分析。0102应用文的评分原则、细节和样文赏析应用文的评分原则、细节和样文赏析从结构、内容、语言的视角从结构、内容、语言的视角 应对应用文写作应对应用文写作03如何改进你的应用文写作如何改进你的应用文写作假定你是李华，计划组织一次郊游，请给你的英假定你是李华，计划组织一次郊游，请给你的英国朋友国朋友Chris写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：1.参加者；参加者；2.时间、地点；时间、地点；3.活动：
2、登山、野餐等。活动：登山、野餐等。注意：注意：1.词数词数80字左右；字左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。2017年年6月浙江省高考应用文月浙江省高考应用文一.应用文的总评分原则与细节 严谨的行文结构:第一部分应为问候语和写信目的 第二部分main body 活动内容 第三部分表达对方应邀的愿望 完整的内容、丰富的语言和句式 词数少于60或多于100,扣2分 内容要点遗漏，或篡改要点，降一档 标点符号大面积不规范,扣1-2分 书写较差,影响交际,可将分数降一档 格式不对,扣一分（一）总评分原则一）总评分原则应用文的总分为应用文的总分为15分分,这一次的均分去
3、零分卷后为这一次的均分去零分卷后为9.1。（二）具体评分细节二）具体评分细节一.应用文的样文赏析Dear Chris,Im Li Hua and Im writing to extend my earnest invitation for your participation in the outing organized by me.Aiming to gain a better acquaintance with exotic culture,I have invited teenagers I know all over the world to get actively involve
4、d in this event.For the sake of convenience,the outing falls in Hong Kong at 9 a.m,on July 6th.Brimful of intriguing activities like climbing and having a picnic,this outing is bound to be a huge success.A response at your earliest convenience will be highly appreciated!Yours,Li Hua 14 分分行文结构清晰行文结构清
5、晰;适当添加细节使内容完整；适当添加细节使内容完整；语言表达能力强语言表达能力强;词汇和句式丰富词汇和句式丰富;完全达到了预期的写作目的完全达到了预期的写作目的开头段：自我介绍开头段：自我介绍+写信目的写信目的适当的细节添加：活动的目的、意义（第二适当的细节添加：活动的目的、意义（第二句）句）中间段：活动内容（语言表达地道、词汇丰中间段：活动内容（语言表达地道、词汇丰富、有理有据、行文流畅）富、有理有据、行文流畅）结尾段：表达愿望（恰当使用应用文套话）结尾段：表达愿望（恰当使用应用文套话）一.应用文的样文赏析Dear Chris,Im Li Hua.I intend to organize a
6、 trip.Ill invite my friends who youll get on well with.We will go to Huangshan nest Wednesday where we can visit beautiful natural views.Of course,the activities which are fantastic.For example,climbing the mountain and having a picnic.At the same time,well take photos in order to memory our trip.I
7、believe if you join us,youll love the views from the bottom of your heart.Im looking forward to traveling with you!Yours,Li Hua 行文结构比较完整，若写信目的自成一段可行文结构比较完整，若写信目的自成一段可使文章结构一目了然；使文章结构一目了然；覆盖了主要内容覆盖了主要内容;有些语言方面的错误有些语言方面的错误,但不影响理解但不影响理解;整体而言整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的基本达到了预期的写作目的;8分分 1.应用文的分类应用文的分类 2.应用文的特点应用文的特点
8、 3.应用文写作中存在的问题应用文写作中存在的问题 4.解决的策略及实践解决的策略及实践二、应用文写作二、应用文写作 -基于结构、内容和语言的视角基于结构、内容和语言的视角 失物招领失物招领寻物启事寻物启事倡议书倡议书请假条请假条告知函告知函发言稿（演讲稿、发言稿（演讲稿、致辞等）致辞等）通知（书面、口头）通知（书面、口头）报道报道（一）、（一）、应用文的分类（应用文的分类（Classification）投诉投诉信信感谢信感谢信邀请信邀请信道歉信道歉信求助信求助信求职信求职信建议信建议信推荐信推荐信申请信申请信祝贺信祝贺信询问信询问信（二）、应用文的特点（二）、应用文的特点 Clear in
9、structure （结构清晰）（结构清晰）Substantial in content （内容充实）（内容充实）Appropriate in language（语言得体）（语言得体）（三）、应用文写作中存在的问题（三）、应用文写作中存在的问题1.卷面不洁卷面不洁2.文体不辨文体不辨3.格式不妥格式不妥4.结构混乱结构混乱5.读者不明读者不明6.要点不全要点不全7.过度添加过度添加8.语法错误语法错误9.套语连篇套语连篇10.观点缺乏观点缺乏内容内容完整性完整性格式格式规范性规范性语言语言得体性得体性应用文应用文问题分析问题分析1.卷面不洁卷面不洁2.文体不辨文体不辨3.格式不妥格式不妥4.结
10、构混乱结构混乱5.要点不全要点不全6.过度添加过度添加7.观点缺乏观点缺乏8.语法错误语法错误9.套语连篇套语连篇10.观点缺乏观点缺乏结构结构内容内容语言语言例例1：假定你是李明。你校邀请了英国伯明翰大学的Elliot Smith 教授来做关于莎士比亚生平的讲座。请你作为主持人向参加讲座的同学用英语介绍讲座情况。内容包括：1.讲座的教授和讲座的内容；2.讲座后有自由交流时间；3.对教授的讲座表示欢迎。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.参考词汇：伯明翰大学：the University of Birmingham 例例2：假设你是淘宝店“Beauty&the Bea
11、st”的店主张林，因为给客户李华发错了两件衬衫的尺码和颜色，特向李华书面道歉，愿意提供换货服务，并且打八折优惠以弥补过失。内容包括：1.自我介绍；2.诚恳道歉并说明原因；3.愿意提供免邮费服务和八折优惠；4.如果对方不同意换货，退货也可以。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。1.卷面不卷面不洁，字迹不洁，字迹不 清清解决对策：解决对策：每天一练，日见效果每天一练，日见效果阅卷时的视觉疲劳,速度快，如卷面的不美观，书写差，有时对作文成绩的影响不是1-2分，而是5-6分，所以要把书写放到第一点强调。行行文文结结构构2.文体不辨文体不辨3.格式不妥格式不妥4.结构混乱结构混乱2
12、.文体不文体不辨辨称呼称呼署名署名3.3.格式不妥格式不妥4.结构混乱结构混乱无分段无分段解决对策：仔细审题，明确格式解决对策：仔细审题，明确格式 分分段落，结构清晰分分段落，结构清晰投诉投诉信信感谢信感谢信邀请信邀请信道歉信道歉信求助信求助信求职信求职信建议信建议信推荐信推荐信申请信申请信祝贺信祝贺信询问信询问信请假条请假条告知函告知函倡议书倡议书书信、邮件、假条等Dear XXX,(称呼)Yours,(落款)XXX 失物招领失物招领 (标题标题)Found (署名署名)寻物启事寻物启事 (标题标题)Lost (署名署名)书面通知书面通知 (标题标题)Notice (署名署名)出通知单位出通
13、知单位/个人个人口头通知口头通知 Ladies and gentlemen,/Boys and girls/,may I have your attention please?发言稿发言稿(演讲稿演讲稿致辞致辞)Ladies and gentlemen,/Fellow students/Boys and girls/Thanks for your listening.报道报道 (标题标题)征文征文 （标题）（标题）Contribution Wanted书信的结构书信的结构开头段开头段：（自我介绍（自我介绍）背景介绍背景介绍+写信目的写信目的 I am Li Hua,a seventeen-ye
14、ar-old student(from senior school).I have learned/been informed that Now I am writing to apply for the position/express my gratitude中间段中间段：具体问题（主题句）具体问题（主题句）+具体分析（拓展句）具体分析（拓展句）There are four main reasons that I am qualified for the job.Firstly,Besides,Whats more,Additionally,Here are some details fo
15、r the activity.Id like you to know how much your meant to me.I really find it extremely hard to do Hopefully you could give me some suggestions.The following suggestions carried out,things would probably become much better.I have been looking forward to doing However,I believe if you were I,you woul
16、d make the same choice.I sincerely hope that you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.结尾段结尾段：客套话客套话 I would appreciate it if you can write me back as soon as possible.I would feel greatly honored if you (求职信求职信)(邀请信邀请信)(感谢信感谢信)(求助信求助信)(建议信建议信)(道歉信道歉信)内内容容完完整整5.要点不全要点不全6.过度添加过度添加7.观点缺乏
17、观点缺乏5.要点不全要点不全内容包括：内容包括：1.自我介绍；自我介绍；2.诚恳道歉并说明原因；诚恳道歉并说明原因；3.愿意提供免邮费服务和八折优惠；愿意提供免邮费服务和八折优惠；4.如果对方不同意换货，退货也可以。如果对方不同意换货，退货也可以。6.过度添加过度添加We will gather at our school gate before 8.am,which is located on Chong Shi Road.Please get to our school gate before 8:00 am,which may be pretty early for both teach
18、ers and students at weekend.You may take a camera with you because Im pretty sure that the awesome view on the top of the mountain will deeply impress you and you will have a strong desire to record it.学校发现最近经常有学生违反学校规定，通过美团、饿了么等手机APP 订购外卖。假设你是新华中学学生会主席李华，请你代表学生会拟一份书面通知。1.重申禁令2.陈述禁令原因3.呼吁同学样自觉遵守学校规定
19、 be harmful to health break the school rules7.千篇一律，缺少独到观点千篇一律，缺少独到观点解决对策：相互探讨，相互借鉴；解决对策：相互探讨，相互借鉴；仔细仔细思索，考虑全面；思索，考虑全面；观点深刻，见解独特；观点深刻，见解独特；陈述禁令原因-观点收集：1.点外卖需要手机，将手机带到学校来不仅会分散我们的学习注意力，还会造成其他的负面影响。To order takeout,you must take mobile phones into campus,which will distract our attention from study,and
20、exert other negative impact on students.2.外卖的食品安全不能得到保障，而学校食品都是经过权威部门检测，可以放心食用。The safety of takeout cant be guaranteed,while the food provided by our school canteens are healthy to eat,because it is inspected by authorities.3.点外卖不仅浪费时间还浪费金钱，因为学校的饭菜价格合理，口味多样，品种丰富。Its a waste of time and money to ord
21、er takeout because school canteens provide food which is rich in tastes and variety.4.外卖往往盛放在塑料盒里，塑料很难降解，会对环境造成污染。Takeout is usually kept in plastic containers,which is hard to break down and does harm to the environment.5.送外卖的人员随意进出校园,会给校园管理增加困难,对学生的安全也是一种潜在的危险.The fact that the delivery men of tak
22、eout enter our campus at will adds to the difficulty of our school management.Besides,it is a potential danger to the safety of students.Notice Recently,some students have ordered fast food on APPs such as Meituan,Ele me.Their behaviors have violated the school rules so Im here to restate the restri
23、ction that ordering takeout is banned.Delicious as fast food is,students will lose their balance of diets if they take long-term takeout.Moreover,the source of food cant be guaranteed since producers add harmful substances to the food for higher profit.Whats more,some thieves may pass themselves off
24、 as the delivery man which is a threat to students possessions and safety on campus.In a word,the ban is beneficial to all of you so I appeal to everyone obey it automatically.students union -陈汪怡语语言言丰丰富富得得体体地地道道8.语法错误语法错误9.套语连篇套语连篇10.不得体不地道不得体不地道8.语法错误（母语干扰）语法错误（母语干扰）two T-shirts in wrong size and c
25、olor Professor Tu will come to our school and give us a lecture,which is welcomed by Shaoxing No.1 Hiddle Schools teachers and students.时态、语态误用；主谓不一致；时态、语态误用；主谓不一致；词性混用；从句使用中缺乏语法结构；词性混用；从句使用中缺乏语法结构；9.套语套语连篇连篇We will appreciate it if you are able to join us and take part in this consequential activit
26、y.First,please get to the school gate at 8:00 am.After that we will set out together by bus.In the end,we will come back at 5:00 pm.Last but not the least,you can bring a camera to record the happy moment.With a history of 80 years,our school,where you are in now,is equipped with three buildings.解决对
27、策：夯实语言基础，解决对策：夯实语言基础，多实践多积累，多实践多积累，仔细研读范文。仔细研读范文。假定假定你是李华，从互联网上你是李华，从互联网上得知第十二届国际得知第十二届国际未来商业领袖峰会（未来商业领袖峰会（Internet Future Business Leader Summit）将在上海举行，）将在上海举行，并欢迎中学生参加。请你写并欢迎中学生参加。请你写一封一封电子邮件电子邮件申申请参加。请参加。写作要点：写作要点：1.自我介绍自我介绍（包括英语能力）。（包括英语能力）。2.参加参加意图意图（增加商业知识、提高领导力、加（增加商业知识、提高领导力、加强交流）强交流）。3.希望希望
28、获准。获准。1.背景介绍背景介绍+写信目的写信目的 I read about your announcement of the 12th International Future Business Leader Summit posted on the Internet.I learn about the 12th International Future Business Leader Summit advertised online./I get to know .I am writing to apply for participation in it./I am writing to
29、express my desire to participate in it.2.自我介绍自我介绍（着重描写自身优势（着重描写自身优势:英语很棒、交流技能英语很棒、交流技能很强、对商业很感兴趣、有参加此类活动的很强、对商业很感兴趣、有参加此类活动的经验经验）have a good command of English,speak English fluently,be skilled in communication,have experience in attending such summits,be enthusiastic about financial activities3.申请参
30、加的意图即活动意义（增长商业知识、提高领导申请参加的意图即活动意义（增长商业知识、提高领导力、加强交流、积累经验、拓宽视野、把中国推向世界、力、加强交流、积累经验、拓宽视野、把中国推向世界、让世界更加了解中国、搭建中国与世界沟通的桥梁）让世界更加了解中国、搭建中国与世界沟通的桥梁）enrich my business knowledge,my leadership can be greatly boosted,the activity can promote the exchange of views,accumulate experience,build up friendship with
31、 peers of the same interest from all over the world，expose China to the world,enable the world to have a better understanding of China4.结束语（祝愿或希望）结束语（祝愿或希望）I desire that my application can meet your approval.I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Dear Sir or Madam,Im Li Hua,
32、a middle school student from China.I read about your announcement of the 12th International Future Business Leader Summit posted on the Internet.Im writing to apply for an opportunity to join in it.I think my qualifications can meet your requirements.Two years of English learning enables me to commu
33、nicate fluently in English.In turn,through the summit,I can deepen my understanding of business,improve my leadership and communicate with students from other countries as well.I do hope to be admitted to your summit.Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Regards,Li Hua开头段的好句：I a
34、m writing to make a sincere request for an opportunity to participate in it.I am writing to express my great desire for admission to it.I am writing to apply for access to it./admission to it.I happened to know that the 12th International Future Business Leader Summit would be held in Shanghai,which
35、 appeals to me a great deal.中间段的好句：Economy or business has kept me spellbound since I was a child.-陶沂希I am dedicated to learning English from childhood to keep pace with times.So theres no problem for me to communicate with native speakers.钱俊珺It can be well proved by the prizes I have got in the var
36、ious English Competitions that I have a good command of English.方寒It is no use showing off how I have a good command of English,but I do have no trouble communicating in English.-张豪Remarkable scores on papers never satisfy me.I hold the view that only face-to-face communication can promotes language
37、 skills.That partly accounts for my request.-何志臻Without doubt,if I could be admitted to this summit,it would bring me some benefits.-沈纪年It will be a perfect platform where I can enrich my business knowledge,strengthen my leadership as well as promote mutual understanding and communication.钟泽宇As an E
38、nglish club organizer,I have been engaging myself in English learning heart and soul.In return,I have a good command of spoken English.Attending the summit will surely get me well equipped with better leadership.-鲁家泊结尾段的好句：I bet my qualification will meet your requirements.Looking forward to your re
39、ply.-王诗引I will be obliged to you if you offer me a precious opportunity to attend the summit.-夏俊豪I will be more than glad if I am blessed with this opportunity.桂宇凡三、如何改进你的应用文写作三、如何改进你的应用文写作 Tip1:词块的积累词块的积累 Tip2:英语常用句子的熟悉和锤炼英语常用句子的熟悉和锤炼 Tip3:应用文可以模板化的一些东西应用文可以模板化的一些东西 专题专题教学教学-掌握技巧掌握技巧词块的积累词块的积累(Adv;
40、Adj)Adv:rely heavily on;quarrel bitterly；highly successful;reluctantly;deliberately；be amply rewarded；pleased;Adj:a rewarding cause;appealing;amazing;remarkable;enjoy tremendous popularity;prompt action;an impressive reminder;(marvelous;distinguished;splendid;decisive;incredible/inevitible;)词块的积累词块的
41、积累(enable sb to do sth;ensure ones success;enrich ones school life;encounter;enhance;refresh;relieve;remove relax restore;reassure;recall；reveal;replace;contain my feelings;conceal the fact;Noun 体贴体贴consideration;同情同情sympathy 宽恕宽恕forgiveness;慷慨慷慨generosity;感激感激gratitude;好客好客hospitality;忠诚忠诚 loyalty;
42、分享分享sharing；容忍容忍tolerance；理解理解understanding;见解见解 insight；志向志向 ambition;执着执着,信奉信奉 commitment;勤奋勤奋devotion;diligence；毅力毅力 perseverance；persistence 热情热情 passion=enthusiasm=zeal;智慧智慧 wisdom;创造创造creativity;合作合作cooperation;新奇新奇的事物的事物 novelty词块的积累词块的积累(词组词组)1、提高、提高 improve/enhance/promote/2、努力、努力 struggle/
43、strive/spare no efforts/3、得到、得到 gain/acquire/obtain/4、提供，给、提供，给 offer/present/grant/provide/supply 5、表达、表达 convey/extend ones gratitude to.6、实现、实现 achieve/realize/fulfill/attain 7、记得、记得 bear.in mind/never fade 8、有利于、有利于 contribute to/make for/9、影响、影响 be affected/influenced/be impacted by 10、应该；、应该；b
44、e supposed to 期待期待 be expected to；一定一定 be bound to；保证；保证 be guaranteed to 11、忙于；从事、忙于；从事 be occupied/be involved/engaged in.12、唤起对、唤起对.意识意识arouse/evoke/ones awareness of.13、吸引注意力、吸引注意力 attract/draw/capture ones attention catch ones eye词块的积累词块的积累(词组词组)“目的目的”的表达式的表达式 1.in order to/so as to 2.for the p
45、urpose of 3.with the aim of 4.in the hope of 5.be aimed at/aim to do 6.be designed to do 7.be intended for sth/sb 8.be tailored to sb词块的积累词块的积累(词组词组)“活动意义活动意义”的表达式的表达式 1.enrich after-class life 2.broaden ones horizon 3.get acquaintance with 4.shorten the distance between 5.have a better understandin
46、g of profound culture 6.build up friendship/confidence 7.better oneself 8.promote mutual interaction 9.arouse/provoke ones enthusiasm/interest/passion 一、一、巧用名词巧用名词 早期学习英语对学生以后的成绩提高有帮助。早期学习英语对学生以后的成绩提高有帮助。Early exposure to English will help children improve their academic performance.Your presence an
47、d blessings will be highly/greatly appreciated.二、二、形容词作状语形容词作状语 保证补交作业（保证补交作业（2106嘉兴）嘉兴）Guilty about it,I will accomplish my assignment carefully and hand it in as soon as possible.三、定语从句三、定语从句 (which非限制性定语非限制性定语)未能完成英语老师未能完成英语老师Mr.Chen 布置的作业而道歉布置的作业而道歉(2016嘉嘉兴）兴）I am more than apologetic for failin
48、g to accomplish the homework you have assigned.说明原因说明原因(2016嘉兴）嘉兴）,which thus prevented me from being engaged in any academic activity.四、四、非谓语非谓语 为了丰富学生的校园生活和激发学生写作的热情为了丰富学生的校园生活和激发学生写作的热情(2106年年绍兴市适应性考试）绍兴市适应性考试）To enrich students school life and activate their enthusiasm for writing,原创篇幅原创篇幅500字的英
49、语小说，反映学生现实生活字的英语小说，反映学生现实生活 reflecting students true life.五、五、It作形式主语或形式宾语句型作形式主语或形式宾语句型 保证补交作业保证补交作业 It my promise that I am bound to finish it in time.Id appreciate it if you could grant me another two days for the task 能跟你在一起是我们的荣幸。能跟你在一起是我们的荣幸。Therefore,it is our honor to be accompanied with you
50、.六、六、虚拟虚拟 Without/But for your generous and timely help,I wouldnt have made such progress.七、七、with+宾语宾语+非谓语非谓语(状语）或者独立状语）或者独立主格结构主格结构 With the festival approaching,矛盾解决，我们的友谊得到加强。矛盾解决，我们的友谊得到加强。Conflicts solved/With conflicts solved,our friendship strengthened.The cohesion of the class was enhanced,
