1、专题九 动词及动词短语 英语中动词的五种基本形式分别为动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词（dodoesdoingdiddone）。1.动词的基本形式及构成考考 点点 1 动词的基本形式2.常用动词的过去式和过去分词的不规则变化（1）AAA型（动词原形、过去式和过去分词同形）（2）AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）（3）ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）（4）ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）（5）ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词不同形）考考 点点 2 常见动词词义辨析（二）常用动词辨析（1）bring，take，get和carry（2）put on，wear，dress和b
2、e in（3）tell，talk，say和speak（4）arrive，get和reach【特别提示】当arrive和get后接here,there,home等地点副词时，arrive和get之后的介词必须省略。例句 When did you get home?你什 么时候到家的？When will you arrive there?你将什么时候到达那里？（5）borrow，lend和keep（6）forget和leave（7）receive和accept（8）lie和lay（9）join，join in和take part in（10）become，get和turn(三）连系动词连系动词又叫
3、系动词，本身有一定的意义，与其后作表语的形容词、名词或介词短语一起构成谓语。连系动词按照意义分为以下五类：(四）实义动词和不及物动词 实义动词是表示动作或状态的词，在句中能独立作谓语。根据实义动词后面是否能直接带宾语，可将其分为及物动词和不及物动词。【特别提示】1.有些实义动词既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，如fly，study，sing等。例句 The little girl sings well.这个小女孩歌唱得很好。（sing vi.唱歌）The little girl is singing an English song.这个小女孩正在唱一首英文歌曲。（sing vt.唱）2.有
4、些不及物动词可以和介词搭配，相当于及物动词，其后可以跟宾语。例句 I like listening to music.我喜欢听音乐。（listen为不及物动词，后加介词to才能接宾语）(五）助动词助动词不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词（主要是实义动词）一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法形式。常见助动词有be,do,have,will等，具体用法如下：【特别提示】助动词在省略句中的运用：为了避免重复，一些句子常常省略（前面提到过的）谓语动词，而用相应的助动词代替此谓语动词，助动词要与句子的人称、时态一致。例句 He wont go there,but I will(but I will
5、 go there)他不会去那儿，但我会去。（用助动词will代替will go there）She plays the piano better than she does the guitar.她钢琴弹得比吉他好。（用助动词does代替plays）()1.I cant find my mobile phone anywhere.Maybe I _ it at home.A.forgot B.missed C.lost D.left()2.Parents should help their children _ the habit of saving water and electricit
6、y.A.practice B.choose C.develop D.waste()3.It sounds like a good plan,but you should _ it with your parents first.A.discuss B.keep C.receive D.wash()4.We all _ what we see.Because seeing is believing.A.doubt B.believe C.disagree D.agree()5.Jack usually _ help at the underground station on weekends.A
7、.offers B.gives C.provides D.suppliesDCABA（1）同一动词+不同介词/副词put短语put out 熄灭；扑灭put off 推迟put away 放好；收拾put down 记下；镇压put into 把放进；使进入put on 穿上（戴上）；上演；增加（体重）put up 张贴（广告等）；搭建；举起考考 点点 2 动词短语look短语look at 看 look for 寻找look after 照顾 look over 检查look through 浏览 look like 看起来像look up 查找；查询 look out 留神；当心look
8、around 向四周看 look up to 尊敬look down upon 瞧不起；看低get短语get up 起床get into 进入get over 克服get away 逃离get down 下降get on 穿上；上车；进展get back 返回；回来；回家get off 下车give短语give up 放弃give away 捐赠；泄露give back 还给；归还give in 屈服；让步give out 分发；散发take短语take away 拿走 take out 取出take on 呈现；雇佣 take over 接收；接管take down 记下；取下 take a
9、fter（外貌或行为）像take in 吸入；吞入（体内)take off 脱下（衣服等）；起飞take up 从事（工作、兴趣爱好等）；着手处理turn短语turn on 打开turn off 关掉turn out 结果是turn up 调高（声音）turn over 翻身；翻转turn down 调低（声音）turn around 转身；调头go短语go on 继续go away 走开go back 回去go out 出去；熄灭go along沿着走go over 仔细检查；复习go through 浏览；翻阅；通过come短语come from 来自 come into 进入come i
10、n 进入;进来 come out 出来；出版come up 发生；升起 come down 下落；下降come on 来吧；赶快;加油 come back 回来；想起来come over 顺便来访；过来 come across（偶然）遇见（或发现）come along 一道去；进行；进展fall短语fall behind 落后fall down 倒下；滑倒fall into 掉进里fall off 从掉下来cut短语cut in 插嘴 cut up 切碎cut down 削减；砍倒 cut off 切断；中断call短语 call off 取消call on 号召；拜访call up 给打电话
11、call for 要求；需要 pick短语pick up 捡起；接载pick out 挑选；取出()1.Our club _ so many new members.They are from different countries.A.takes out B.takes away C.takes in D.takes up()2.Boys and girls,when crossing the road,_ for the cars.A.look at B.look out C.look through D.look back()3.The photos that won the first
12、 prize in the competition will be _ on the website.A.put up B.put out C.put to D.put on()4.The bus broke down.All the passengers had to _ and waited for another one.A.get back B.get over C.get away D.get offCBAD（2）不同动词+同一介词/副词up短语eat up 吃光 clean up 打扫drink up 喝光 make up 组成hurry up 赶快 show up 出现think
13、 up 想出 end up 结束ring up 打电话 fix up 修理；修补hang up 挂断电话 bring up 教育；培养cheer up 使开心 grow up 成长；长大mix up 混合在一起 set up 搭建；建立；设立out短语sell out 卖光 work out 解决blow out 吹灭 point out 指出get out 出去；离开 hand out 分发；发放hang out 闲荡；闲逛 run out 用尽；耗尽check out 查明；结账 clear out 清理；丢掉set out 出发；启程 keepout 不让进入bring out 使显现；
14、使表现出 cut out 删除；删去；切断find out 查明；发现；了解 try out 参加选拔；试用clean out 清除；把打扫干净 break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生；爆发away短语throw away 扔掉run away 逃跑；跑掉on短语pass on 传递keep on 继续（进行）try on 试穿；试试看work on 从事；忙于depend on 依赖；依靠hold on 等一等（别挂电话）down短语sit down 坐下break down 发生故障calm down 保持冷静letdown 使失望或沮丧write down 写下；记下in短语arri
15、ve in 到达call in 拜访believe in 信任；信赖hand in 交上；提交；呈送join in 参加（=take part in）off短语keep off 避开；让开cleanoff 把擦掉show off 炫耀；卖弄pay off 付清（欠款等）run off 跑掉；迅速离开break off 突然中止；中断set off 动身；出发；使爆炸about短语think about 考虑care about 关心；在意talk about 谈论；讨论；议论worry about 担心；烦恼back短语pay back 偿还(借款等)talk back 回嘴；顶嘴bring
16、back 恢复；使想起；归还call(sb.)back（给某人）回电话for短语wait for 等候；等待ask for 要；要求；请求prepare for 为做准备care for 关心；关怀；照顾pay for 付账；付买的钱from短语come from 来自hear from 收到的来信learnfrom 向学习preventfrom 阻止separatefrom 把与分开keep/stay away from 避免接近；远离into短语knock into 与相撞turninto 变成divide into 把分成change into 转换成；把变成look into 向里面看
17、；调查of短语 hear of 听说think of 思考；考虑over短语fall over 绊倒to短语 belong to 属于listen to 听stick to 坚持；固守talk to 跟说addto 把加到上lead to 导致；通向lendto 借给preferto 喜爱更甚于with短语deal with 处理；应付begin with 以开始connect with 与相连providewith 给提供agree with 赞同；持相同意见comparewith 把与作比较()1.I cant find my mobile phone anywhere.Maybe I _
18、 it at home.A.forgot B.missed C.lost D.left()2.Parents should help their children _ the habit of saving water and electricity.A.practice B.choose C.develop D.waste()3.It sounds like a good plan,but you should _ it with your parents first.A.discuss B.keep C.receive D.wash()4.We all _ what we see.Beca
19、use seeing is believing.A.doubt B.believe C.disagree D.agree()5.Jack usually _ help at the underground station on weekends.A.offers B.gives C.provides D.suppliesDCABA()5.When the famous singer _ in our class,everyone shouted with excitement.A.woke up B.brought up C.showed up D.grew up()6.I lost my w
20、allet,so I didnt get enough money to _ this meal.A.stand for B.pay for C.ask for D.wait for()7._ the sentence on the blackboard and find out the mistakes in it.A.Throw at B.Point at C.Shout at D.Look at()8.Its our duty to protect the environment.So dont _ waste paper everywhere.A.put away B.throw aw
21、ay C.run away D.walk awayCBDB()9.Jack will _ our school to take part in the international chess competition.A.stand for B.wait for C.hope for D.prepare for()10.When I _ this morning,I found that I was the only one in the room.A.woke up B.got off C.put on D.set off()11.I dont like practicing the pian
22、o.If you _ it,you will play it well.A.stick to B.get to C.look at D.shout at()12.He is a kind man,and he always _ some money to charities.A.hands in B.gives away C.puts off D.hears aboutAAAB()13.Its getting hot,you can _ your coat to make you cool.A.come on B.take off C.break out D.put out()14.Pleas
23、e remember to _ your homework before you hand it in.A.search for B.play with C.cut out D.go overBD点击进入“考情分析”第二节 情态动词 1.情态动词的分类2.情态动词的特点3.情态动词的基本用法【特别提示】can与be able to的区别 a.can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to可用于任何时态。例句 He was able to flee to Europe before the war broke out.战争爆发前，他成功地逃到了欧洲。b.can 表示一种能力；而be
24、 able to常常表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作。例句 He was able to get to the top of the mountain successfully.他总算成功地到达了山顶。【特别提示】must和have/has to的区别 a.二者均意为“必须”，常可互换使用。但have/has to强调客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”；must表示主观看法,意为“必须，应该”。例句 We must work hard at school.在学校我们必须努力学习。b.have to有一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的变化，而must没有。例句 Well have to ask Zh
25、ang Hong.我们将必须去问张红。need作实义动词 need作为实义动词有人称和数的变化，后面可接名词、代词、动名词及带to的动词不定式；可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中。例句 She doesnt need to see the doctor.She just needs a rest.她不需要看医生，她只是需要休息一下。【特别提示】含情态动词的问句与答语一般而言，用哪个情态动词提问就用哪个情态动词作答。但是，也有一些例外情况，这往往是考试的常见考点。a.“May I?”句型的否定回答常用cant或mustnt。例句 May I play computer games now,Mom?我
26、现在可以玩电脑游戏吗，妈妈？No,you cant/mustnt.不，你不可以。b.“Must I?”句型的否定回答常用neednt或dont have to。例句 Must I finish my homework tonight?我今晚必须完成我的作业吗？No,you neednt/dont have to.You can finish it tomorrow.不，你不必。你可以明天完成。【特别提示】c.“Could I?”句型常用can作答。例句 Could I use your bike for a while?我可以用一会儿你的自行车吗？Sure,you can.当然，你可以。d.“
27、Need I?”句型的答语，肯定回答一般用must或have to,否定回答一般用neednt。例句 Need I answer the question？需要我回答这个问题吗？Yes,you must/have to./No,you neednt.是的，你必须回答。/不，你不需要。4.情态动词表推测的用法【特别提示】（1）could和might只表示推测语气的强弱，不表示时态。（2）must表推测时的否定形式是cant；mustnt表示不允许做某事，意为“禁止，决不能”，不表示推测。（）1.The Science Museum is popular because people _ do e
28、xperiment there.A.can B.must C.would D.should（）2.There is a lot of traffic nowadays.People _ be careful while crossing the road.A.must B.might C.can D.should（）3.We _ give up our dreams at any time,because they are the reasons we keep going forward.A.couldnt B.neednt C.shouldnt D.wontAAA（）4.You _ ask
29、 the policeman over there.He must know the way.A.need B.must C.had better D.have to（）5.Must I do the project on my own?No,you_.You can work with your classmates.A.neednt B.cant C.shouldnt D.mustntCA()6.The man over there _ be Adam.He is having his chemistry class.A.wouldnt B.cant C.mustnt D.shouldnt
30、()7.Mr.Li has gone to Guangzhou on business,so he_ be in the office.A.mustnt B.cant C.neednt D.may not()8.Is that Mr.White standing there?No,it _ be him.He has gone to the hospital for three days.A.must B.cant C.could D.mightBBB点击进入“考情分析”第三节 非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括动词不定式，动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三种形式。非谓语动词不能单独在句子中作谓语，
31、不受人称和数的限制，但仍有动词的特征，如时态、语态的变化。中考常考的是动词不定式的用法，其总结如下：动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，有时可省略to，to为不定式符号。其否定形式是：not to+动词原形。动词不定式在句中不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。例句 The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.老师告诉我放学后完成我的家庭作业。He felt very sorry and decided not to watch TV too late.他感到非常后悔，并下决心再不看电视看到那么
32、晚了。考 点 12.动词不定式的用法3.动词不定式的主要考点（1）后接不定式作宾语的动词和动词短语后接不定式作宾语的动词和动词短语主要有：want,try,decide,hope,need,wish,agree,expect,refuse,learn,remember,forget,would like/love等。例句 Have you decided to go on a trip to Hong Kong this summer vacation?你决定今年暑假去香港旅行吗？I wish to be forever with him.我希望能永远和他在一起。I expect to see
33、 you soon.我期盼着能马上见到你。She promised to be a film star.她有希望成为一名电影明星。Anyone can learn to speak English.任何人都可以学着说英语。【歌诀助记】三个希望两答应（hope，wish，want，agree，promise），两个要求莫拒绝（demand，ask，refuse）；设法学会做决定（manage，learn，decide），不要假装在选择（pretend，choose）。（2）后接不定式作宾语补足语的动词和动词短语 后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词和动词短语有：tell,ask,allow,wa
34、nt,help,wish,teach,warn,invite,would like,encourage等。例句 The teacher told us to do Exercise 1.老师告诉我们做练习一。He reminded me to read the book.他提醒我要看看这本书。I expect you to write to me.我盼望你给我来信。I asked him to show me his new dictionary.我请求他给我看看他的新词典。【歌诀助记】动后带 to作宾补，请教建议和告诉（ask，invite，teach，advise，suggest，tell
35、）；但愿也留两允许（wish，leave，permit，allow），期盼鼓励要劝服（expect，encourage，want，persuade）。后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要是使役动词（make，let，have）和感官动词（see，hear，watch，notice，feel）。在这些动词之后，不定式作宾语补足语时，要省略不定式符号to；但是当这些词用于被动语态时，省略的to必须加上。例句 We saw him enter the room.我们看到他进了房间。=He was seen to enter the room.有人看到他进入了房间。We often hear h
36、er sing.我们经常听见她唱歌。=She is often heard to sing.人们经常听到她唱歌。【歌诀助记】一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(see，watch，notice，look at)，半帮助（help）。若是变为被动句，省略的to要还原。（3）作目的状语只能使用不定式或不定式短语非谓语动词作目的状语时，只能使用动词不定式或不定式短语，用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。此时，to do sth.的含义是“为了/以便/目的是做某事”。为了使目的的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以把to do sth.
37、提到句首或扩展为in order to do sth.。例句 They got up early to catch the early bus.=They got up early in order to catch the early bus.他们起得很早，以便赶上早班车。They ran over to welcome us.他们跑过来欢迎我们。=In order to welcome us,they ran over.为了欢迎我们，他们跑了过来。4.含动词不定式的常见句型（1）it作形式主语动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于之后。常使用以下句
38、型：“Itsadj.of sb.不定式.”表示“某人做某事”。这一句型中使用表示性质、品格的形容词，常用的有good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等例句 Its kind of you to help me.你帮了我，你真好。“Its adj.for sb.不定式.”表示“做某事对某人来说”。常用的形容词有difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，danger
39、ous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有用的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)等。例句 Its dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.对你来说，爬上那棵高树是危险的。（2）“特殊疑问词动词不定式”结构 动词不定式可以和what,which,when,where,how等疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。这一结构作宾语时可转化为相应的宾语从句。例句 When to start the game has not been decided yet.什么时候开始比赛还没有决定。（
40、作主语）He doesnt know what to wear.=He doesnt know what he should wear.他不知道穿什么。（作宾语）The question is who to go.问题是谁去。（作表语）（3）动词不定式的特殊句型 tooto表示“太而不能”。The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。enough to表示“足够”。He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了。Why dont you不带to的不定式?Why not+不带to的不定式?例
41、句 Why dont you get her a photo album?Why not get her a photo album?为什么不给她买个相册呢？主语+had better(not)不带to的不定式.例句 Youd better not stay there today.你今天最好别待在那儿。Will you please不带to的不定式?例句 Will you please close the door?你能把门关上吗？prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。例句 I prefer to do more work r
42、ather than do nothing at home.我宁愿做更多的工作也不愿在家无所事事。5.易混辨析 有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词-ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。stop doing sth.停止做某事（一件事）stop to do sth.停下来去做某事（做另一件事）try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget/remember doing sth.忘了/记得做过某事(已做)forget/remember to do sth.忘了/记得要做某事（未做）need doing sth.需要做某事（被动含义）need to do
43、sth.需要去做某事（主动含义）hear/see sb.doing sth.听见/看见某人正在做某事 hear/see sb.do sth.听见/看见某人做某事的全过程 be used to do sth.被用于做某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事（）1.Mr.Zhou is good at cooking and he decides _ his own restaurant.A.open B.opened C.to open D.opening（）2.Larry hopes _ his English,so he keeps practicing it every
44、 day.A.improve B.to improve C.improving D.improved（）3.Please stop working and go out for a walk.Remember _ warm clothes.A.take B.taking C.to take D.tookCBC完成句子：完成句子：1.记住在你离开教室之前关灯。记住在你离开教室之前关灯。Remember _ the light before you leave the classroom.2.对我们来说，努力工作是很有必要的。对我们来说，努力工作是很有必要的。It is very necessar
45、y for us _ hard.3.当你读完那本书后，不要忘记把它带给我。当你读完那本书后，不要忘记把它带给我。Dont forget _ the book to me when you finish reading it.to turn offto workto bring考考 点点 2 动名词动名词的基本形式为v.ing,它与现在分词同形动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质。1.动名词（v.-ing）的功能（1）作主语Saying so much is useless.说这么多没有用。（2）作表语His job is teaching Chinese in a school.他的工作是在一
46、所学校教语文。（3）作宾语动词，宾语介词，宾语I like playing football very much.我非常喜欢踢足球。I have no experience in teaching English.我没有教英语的经验。（4）作定语We need a washing machine.我们需要一台洗衣机。2.常见接动名词的词（短语）：avoid 避免consider考虑enjoy 喜欢fimish 完成imagine 想象keep 坚持mind 介意suggest 建议practice 练习be busy doing sth.忙于做某事be worth doing sth.值得做某
47、事be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事cant/couldnt help doing sth.情不自禁做某事|look forward to doing sth.期待做某事（）1.Our father is preparing his speech.Youd better avoid _ so much noise.A.make B.making C.to make D.make（）2.Mary used to live in the countryside,but now she is used to_ in the city.A.live B.to live C.
48、living D.livedBC完成句子：完成句子：1.苏努力练习拉小提琴，并且经常有精彩的表演。苏努力练习拉小提琴，并且经常有精彩的表演。Sue practises _ hard and often gives wonderful performances.2.医生建议我跑步保持健康。医生建议我跑步保持健康。The doctor advised me to _ to keep healthy.3.杰克习惯每天早晨很早起床。杰克习惯每天早晨很早起床。Jack is used to_ very early every morning.4.如果你们想避免犯错误，就要更努力学习。如果你们想避免犯错误，就要更努力学习。If you want to avoid_,you need to study harder.playing the violinrungetting upmaking mistakes
