1、专题十五专题十五 词汇运用词汇运用中考英语语法专题本专题内容适用于7-9年级学生本专题一般共需6课时第三课时 常考词汇用法和区别（一）一、常考词汇辨析二、巩固练习1.ago/before ago 只用于一般过去时，表示从现在算起的一段时间以前。例He died two years ago.他是两年前去世的。before 后接“时间点”，可用于任何时态；它也可放在“时间段”后，用于完成时或一般过去时。例I got there before 5 oclock.我五点钟前到达那里。I never saw him before.我以前没见过他。He had done it two days befor
2、e.他两天前就做过此事。2.already/yet/still(1)already 意为“已经”，常用于肯定句，与完成时和进行时连用为多。用于疑问句时表示问话人持怀疑、惊异的态度。如：Is it Sunday already?已经到星期天啦？I have already finished it.我已经做完了。（2）yet 通常用于疑问句和否定句，在疑问句中作“已经”解，在否定句中作“还”、“尚未”解。如：I havent learned it yet.我还不知此事。Has he come yet?他还没有来？（表疑问）3.between/among 这两个词都有“在之间（中）”的意思，但用法不
3、同：(1)between用于表示双方之间的关系，不论双方的数目是多少。The train runs between Beijing and Nanning.火车在北京和南宁两地间运行。There is a tree between the two houses.这两座房子之间有一棵树。(2)among后接人或物必须是三个或三个以上，在一群、一组或一个整体中间。如：I saw him among the crowd.我看见他在人群中。London is among the greatest cities of the world.伦敦是世界上最大的城市之一。4.beat/win (1)beat
4、vt.后接的宾语一般为人或相当于人的名词，“打败”，“赢了”；也经常用于被动语态。如：We beat Class Four in the football match yesterday.昨天足球赛我们打败了四班队。Class Four was beaten in the football match yesterday.四班足球队昨天被打败了。(2)win vt.一般后接物或比赛作宾语，少用被动语态。如：We won the football game.我们赢得了足球赛的胜利。(3)win 短语：win a game 赢得比赛（游戏）win a gold medal 赢得金牌 win a p
5、rize 获奖 win the war 赢得了战争的胜利 win sb.over 把某人争取过来，说服某人5.by/with/in by、with、in都可以表示使用“工具”、“手段”。它们的区别是：by表示“以方式（方法、手段）”和“乘坐某种交通工具”；with指“借助于具体的手段和工具”；in表示“以方式”，“用某种语言”。例：He goes to school by bike.他骑自行车上学。Jim is climbing the tree with a ladder.吉姆用梯子爬树。Can you say it in English?你能用英语说它吗？Quiz 即学即练练习()1.I
6、remember seeing you somewhere 2 years _ and I have read the novel_.A.before;ago B.ago;before C.later;ago D.later;before()2.The athlete _ his competitors and _ the gold medal.A.beat;beat B.win;win C.win;beat D.beat;win()3.-I hear some students will go on a picnic this Sunday.-Yes,and _ them will be Z
7、hang Miao.A.between B.among C.on D.during()4.I thought it was eight oclock,but its _ ten oclock.A.already B.even C.still D.yet()5.The meeting will be held in half an hour,but they havent got everything ready _.A.even B.already C.yet D.still BDBAC6.besides/except (1)besides与except用于肯定句时，except意为“除之外（
8、不再有）”；besides意为“除之外（还有）”。试比较：I have another blue pen besides this one.除了这枝外，我还有另一枝蓝色钢笔。（1+1，共2枝）We all passed the exam except Tom.我们都通过了考试，汤姆除外。（整体中汤姆一人不及格）(2)except前几乎总有all、any、every、no及其复合词等词。He answered all the questions except the last one.除了最后一个问题没答外，其余问题他都答了。(3)except后接名词、代词、动名词和原形动词，这时except=
9、but；但except后跟副词、介词短语时，不能用but代替。如：The window is never open except in summer.这扇窗户从来不开,除夏季外。He did nothing except/but clean the house.他只是打扫了房子。7.both/all 这是一组代词，也可以作形容词，但要正确使用它们，必须区别他们所指的范围。(1)both指“两者都”（=2），其否定应为neither。His two brothers are both workers.他的两个兄弟都是工人。They both work in our school.他们俩都在我们学
10、校上班。both的位置：系动词be后，实义动词前。(2)all指“三个或三个以上都”，否定应为none。The students all work hard.学生们都很用功。They are all here today.他们今天都在这里。They are all strangers.I know none of them.他们全是陌生人,他们当中我一个都不认识。8.across，over，through 1）across和over都可表示“处于或达到某一物体的另一侧”，可换用。如：They built a bridge across/over the river.他们在河上造了一座桥。2）o
11、ver还可表示“翻越”这样的动作，across不能这样用。如：If we cant go over the mountain we must go around it.如果我们不能从山上翻过去，我们就得从山脚下绕过去。Across和through都可表示“从（一定范围的）一边到另一边”，其区别在于across表示某一范围的表面进行某一动作。3）through表示在某一范围的内部空间进行某一动作。如：It took us two hours to walk through the forest.穿过森林花了我们两小时。Do be careful while walking across the
12、street.过街时一定要小心。9.look/see/watch/notice/read 这五个词都有“看”的意思，但用法不同：(1)look为不及物动词，一般后接介词at使用，表动作。如：Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。(2)see 指人肉眼所能涉及的范围，表示结果“看见”。Can you see the word clearly?你能清楚看到这个字了吗？固定短语：see a film;see sb.off（给某人送行）；let me see.(3)watch=look at sb./sth.carefully“仔细观看，注视”。May I watch
13、TV now?我现在可以看电视吗？固定短语：watch TV;on watch（值班、守望）；watch a football match(4)notice“注意到，提醒别人注意”等意思，汉语中常有“通知、启示、告示”之意。例如：The thief looked around the house.When he made sure that no one was noticing him,he jumped into the room through the open window.小偷向房子四周张望，当他确信没人注意他的时候，迅速从开着的窗户跳进房间。(5)read 只用于指看书或看其他杂志
14、 10.noise,sound,voice 这三个词都表示声音，但意思上有区别：1）noise 指的是人们不愿意听到的“噪声”表示“噪音，喧闹声”，一般指嘈杂，吵闹等令人不快的声音。如：The noise of the street kept me awake.街上的吵闹声让我睡不着。The noise of the rain nearly drowned out our conversation.雨声大得几乎超过了我们的谈话声。2）sound 泛指你能听到的“声音”。表示“声音”，含义很广泛，指任何可以听到的声音，包括悦耳及令人不快的声音。如：All of a sudden there wa
15、s the sound of shots and a cry.突然，有了枪响声和哭声。如：Did you hear the strange sound from the next room this morning?今天早上你是否听到隔壁房间发出的怪声音？3）voice 则指说话和唱歌的“嗓音”。一般指人说话，唱歌或笑的声音。如：The little girl has a beautiful voice.这个小女孩有一副好嗓子。The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.这位歌手因重感冒而失去了银铃般的嗓音。1
16、.Your composition is good_ a few spelling mistakes.A.except B.except for C.besides D.except that2.I like walking _ the river after supper every day.A.through B.cross C.across D.over3.He spoke in a loud _.There is lots of_ outside,I cant sleep well.A.noise;voice B.voice;noise C.sound;noise D.Noise;so
17、und4.Are you _from America?”“No,none of us.”A.all B.both C.either D。comeACBA用look，watch，see，notice，read 填空1.I like to newspaper when I am free.2.He stands at the window and a policeman.3.!the bus is coming.4.The little boy is TV now.5.Does Lily often go to a movie on weekends.6.He will go to a volleyball match.7.Nobody he is standing under the tree.8.can tell us the right time.readseeLook watchingseewatchnoticesWatch 课时总结 词汇辨析是中考必考知识点，一般以单选和完形填空形式考查，需要在平时学习中多积累，把常用的近义词区别搞清楚，并善于观察思考，理解记忆，在练习中，学会运用，达到融会贯通，
